About Python 100 Days

僅為學習過程中的隨手筆記。

Python Tutorial

1. 初階練習（Day1～Day14）

2. 中階練習（Day15～Day57）

3. 高級練習（Day57～Day79）

4. 專業練習（Dat80～Day100）

   1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
   Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	Day 5	Day 6	Day 7	Day 8	Day 9	Day 10
   Day 11	Day 12	Day 13	Day 14	Day 15	Day 16

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初階

Day 1

• 線上 IDE：https://repl.it/
• 友善初學者的 IDE ：https://thonny.org/
• 資料型態：
  • 數值：int()、float()
  • 字串：str()
  • 列表：list[]
  • 集合：set{}
    • 運算
      • 聯集 |
      • 交集 &
      • 差集 -
      • XOR ^
  • 元組：tuple()
  • 字典：{}
  • 布林值：True、False
  • print(str1 + str2)及print(str1, str2)的差異
• 運算子：+、-、*、/、//、%
• input()
• print()

Side Project：

Band Name Generator

---

Day 2

• 運算子的運用
• f-string
• round( float, decimal places)：浮點數的小數位數

Side Project：

Tips Calculator

Your Life

---

Day 3

• if/elif/else
• str.count( sub, start = 0, end = len(string) )

Side Project：

Leap Year

Roller Coaster Ticket

Love Calculator

---

Day 4

• import random

  • Wiki - Mersenne Twister
  • Pseudorandom number generators
  • random.randint(a, b) : random integer belongs to [a, b]
  • random.random() : [0, 1) 之間隨機的浮點數
  • random.uniform(a, b) : [a, b]中隨機的浮點數

• sorted()：重新排列大小

  • sorted和sort的差異

• list = []

• 新增自己的 module： 開新 .py 檔案（如：mymodule.py） ---- mymodule.py ---- pi = 3.1415926 print( mymodule.pi )：叫出 mymodule.py 中的 pi 函數

• NOTE - List

• 反思

1. 若事先決定「贏」、「輸」、「平手」，搭配 array 的可行性？

Side Project：

Toss A Coin

Who Pay?

Treasure Map

Paper Scissors Stone

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Day 5

• ';--have i been pwned?
• for 迴圈
• range()

Side Project：

Max min average

Even sum

Fizz Buzz

Password Generator

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Day 6

• Reeborg's World - Maze
  • Tips：walk along the right-hand side ( or left-hand side ) wall.
    • Reeborg's World - Maze 實作

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Day 7

• Wiki - Hangman (game)

  • 紀錄思路，結合所學完成此遊戲。
  • tool - flow chart maker
    • 此字庫與ASCII可自行更換。

• 反思

1. 改成 Bulls and cows？

Side Project：

Hangman

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Day 8

• creat a function 1.

  # def function
  def func(): 
    to do
    
  # call function
  func() 

  # def function with 2 or more parameters
  def greet_with(name=" ", location=" "):
    print (f"Hello {name}!")
    print (f"Welcome to {location}!")
  
  # call function
  greet_with(location="TAIWAN", name = "Chi-Ling") 

• Wiki - Caesar cipher

Side Project：

Prime Checker

Caesar-cipher

---

Day 9

• dictionary

  # build a dictionary
  programming_dict = {
    "Bug":"An error in a program that prevents the program from running as expectrd.",
    "Function":"A piece of code that you can easily call over and over again."
  }
  
  # retreive an item from the dictionary
  # fetching by key - should type exactly correct
  programming_dict["Bug"] 
  
  # adding new items to dictionary
  programming_dict["Loop"] = "The action of doing something over and over again."
  
  # creating an empty dictionary
  empty_dict = {}
  
  # wipe an existing dictionary
  programming_dict = {}
  
  # editing an item in dictionary
  programming_dict["Bug"] = "A moth in your computer."
  
  # loop through a dictionary
  for thing in programming_dict:
    print(thing) # print all keys
    print(programming_dict[thing]) # print all values

• nesting 字典的 value 有許多種形式，如下：

  {
    key1:value1,
    key2:[List],
    key3:{Dict}
  }

  1. Nesting dictionary in a dictionary

     travel_log = {
       "China": {"cities_visited": ["Shanghai", "Beijin", "Nanjin"], "total_visits": 7},
       "Japan": {"cities_visited": ["Tokyo", "Osaka"], "total_visits": 2}
     }

  2. Nesting dictionary in a list

     travel_log = [
       {
         "country": "China", 
         "cities_visited": ["Shanghai", "Beijin", "Nanjin"], 
         "total_visits": 7
       },
       {
         "country": "Japan",
         "cities_visited": ["Tokyo", "Osaka"], 
         "total_visits": 2
       }
     ]

• VISUALIZE CODE EXECUTION
  • 與 Thonny 相似

Side Project：

Grading Program

Travel Log

Blind Auction

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Day 10

• Function Format Name
  1. string.capitalize() 及 string.title() 的應用
  2. return 紀錄 function 的回傳值，同時結束該 function，意即：不論 return 後還有多少指令，皆不執行。
• Docstring

  def func(a, b):
    """docstring"""
    define func(a, b) here

Side Project：

Leap Year 2

Calculator

---

Day 11

• 綜合前面 10 天內容，完成簡單的 Blackjack 遊戲。
• 實際玩玩看：Online Free Blackjack
• Regularly test your code so that you don't wait until the end when they're a lot of problem.
• To do list
  • Deal both user and computer a starting hand of 2 random card values.
  • Detect when computer or user has a blackjack. (Ace + 10 value card).
  • If computer gets blackjack, then the user loses (even if the user also has a blackjack). If the user gets a blackjack, then they win (unless the computer also has a blackjack).
  • Calculate the user's and computer's scores based on their card values.
  • If an ace is drawn, count it as 11. But if the total goes over 21, count the ace as 1 instead.
  • Reveal computer's first card to the user.
  • Game ends immediately when user score goes over 21 or if the user or computer gets a blackjack.
  • Ask the user if they want to get another card.
  • Once the user is done and no longer wants to draw any more cards, let the computer play. The computer should keep drawing cards unless their score goes over 16.
  • Compare user and computer scores and see if it's a win, loss, or draw.
  • Print out the player's and computer's final hand and their scores at the end of the game.
  • After the game ends, ask the user if they'd like to play again. Clear the console for a fresh start.

Side Project：

Black Jack

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Day 12

• Scope
  1. local scope: exist within functions
  2. global scope
  • difference: where you define or where you create the variables or the functions
  • name space
  • Dose Python have block space? ans: NO. But in C++, Java, etc.
  • 如果要在自訂函數中呼叫 global variable？

    enemies = 1
    def increase_enemies():
      global enemies ### 在函數中使用 global 呼叫該變數
      enemies += 1

    • 但缺點是容易混淆甚至產生 bug，故應盡量避免使用。
    • Avoid modifying global variable.
    • 替代方案 使用 return

    def increase_enemies():
      return enemies + 1
    enemies = increase_enemies()

• Python constants and global scope
  • globe variable 應小心使用
  • 但可以用在不變的常數，如：PI。（使用上習慣全大寫拼寫，以利分辨。）
• Text to ASCII Art Generator(TAAG)

Side Project：

The Number Guessing Game

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Day 13

• Steps to Debug

  It's an important part of every programmer's journey.

  1. Describe the problem.

     Untangle the problem and try to make sense of what's going on.

  2. Reproduce the bug.

     Sometimes the bug not show up in the first time.

  3. Play computer.
  4. Fix the errors
  5. Use print().
  6. Use a debugger.

     Python Tutor (onlone debugger)

  7. Take a break.
  8. Ask your friend.
  9. Run often.

     If you do end up in that situation and you can see multiple bugs at the same time, try to tackle them one at a time instead of trying to do bits and bobs of each.

  10. Ask Stack Overflow.

• 7 Steps to Debug Efficiently and Effectively

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Day 14

• 玩玩看：The Higher Lower Game
  • Step 1. 觀察遊戲規則，完成 flow chart
  • Step 2. Break down the problem
  • Step 3. To - do list
    1. 讀取 game_data.py 資料 (a list of a dictionary)
    2. 將字典中資訊組成語句印出
    3. input() 使用者猜測值
    4. 比較、印出猜測結果
  • Step 4. Turn the problem into comments

Side Project：

Higher Lower

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Day 15

• IDE, Integrated Development Environment

  1. Download Python：https://www.python.org/downloads/

     "Disable path length limit." → (click) → "Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device?" → (click 'Yes')

  2. Install PyCharm (Community is FREE)：https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/
     • Build-in Linter

       PEP 8

     • Local history：Last 12 hours
     • View structure
     • Refactor rename
     • PyCharm keyboard shortcut - Running and debugging

• emoji

  • Windows 10 keyboard tips and tricks
  • Use emoji and symbols on Mac

• Coffee Machine Program Requirements

  • 根據此表完成Coffee Machine

好用技巧：多行編輯

1. Windows - Alt + shift
2. Mac - option + shift

Side Project：

Coffee Machine

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Day 16

• OOP, Object Oriented Programming 物件導向程式設計
  • 將任務切成數個小任務，針對各任務目的模組化
  • 餐廳經理 → 餐廳員工（門口接待、服務生、廚師、清潔人員...）
• Procedural Programming 程序式程式設計
  • 過程呼叫、函式呼叫
  • 一人餐廳 → 一人完成點餐、廚師、送餐、清潔等工作
• How to use OOP？

Steve Jobs in 1994: The Rolling Stone Interview

1. eg. waiter 1. Attributes - what it has?
   • is_holding_plate = True
   • tables_responsible = [4, 5, 6] 2. Methods - what it does?
   • def take_order(table, order):
   • def take_payment(amount):
2. Class（Pascal Case）

rf:Camel case > upper camel case - 同一模組（Class, CarBlueprint()）可以生成多個版本（Object, car） - car = CarBlueprint()

• Turtle Graphics
  1. Turtle Graphics - Documentation
  2. Turtle colors
  • Object.Attribute
  • Object.Method
• Pypi.org
• prettytable
  • prettytable - Tutorial.wiki

Side Project：

OOP - Coffee Machine

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Day 17

• Class is a blueprint for creating an eventual object
  • Create class

PascalCase vs. camelCase vs. snake_case

PascalCase for class name, and snake_case for anything else in Python.

• OPEN TRIVIA DATABASE
  • API 生成的資料為 json 格式，再依據內容更改相對應的關鍵屬性即可。

Side Project：

Day 17 - True or False

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Day 18

• Turtle Graphics, Tuples and Importimg Modules
  • pencolor(colorstring): Set pencolor to colorstring, which is a Tk color spacification string, such as 'red', 'yellow', or '#33cc8c'
    • rf:turtle.pencolor(*args)
    • Tk = tkinter (module)
    • GUI = Graphical User Interface
• CS111 = Turtle Colors
• Colors

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Day 25

• pandas - Documentation

• pandas API reference

• common seperated values

• weather_data.csv

  day	temp	condition
  Monday	12	Sunny
  Tuesday	14	Rain
  Wednesday	15	Rain
  Thursday	14	Cloudy
  Friday	21	Sunny
  Saturday	22	Sunny
  Sunday	24	Sunny

  to-do 1

  1. open up this file.
  2. add each line of data into a list which we'll called data.

  # 讀取 .csv 檔，存在 data
  with open(".py\\weather_data.csv") as data_file:
    data = data_file.readlines()
    print(data)

• import pandas

• 2018 Central Park Squirrel Census - Squirrel Data

  • 計算各毛色數量

    只有三種顏色 ||Primary Fur Color|Count| |:---:|:---:|:---:| |0|Gray|| |1|Cinnamon|| |2|Black||

• Sporcle - Can you name the US states?

  • Get mouse click coordinates in Python turtle

Side Project

Name The States Game