feat: derive informational epochs from superblock slots

engine/tests/recovery.rs

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ async fn assert_rejected_transaction(
 }
 
 /// Proves snapshot-tail replay verifies fresh checkpoints, rebuilds state, and
-/// refreshes processed signatures.
+/// refreshes processed signatures and preserves epochs at the recovered slot.
 ///
 /// Dropping superblock 2's archive forces the restore back onto snapshot 1, so
 /// re-executing B crosses superblock 2's sealed checksum before C is rebuilt
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ async fn replay_rebuilds_state_after_counter_lag() {
         unsafe { te.checkpoint(None) }.unwrap();
     }
     te.advance(2).await;
+    let expected_clock = te.clock(te.blocks().latest());
+    assert!(expected_clock.epoch > 0);
     let (dirs, authority) = te.close().await;
 
     // Lag only accountsdb's durable checkpoint in the closed store, preserving
@@ -103,6 +105,13 @@ async fn replay_rebuilds_state_after_counter_lag() {
     std::fs::remove_file(&s2).unwrap();
 
     let te2 = TestEngine::with(dirs, authority).await;
+    assert_eq!(te2.clock(te2.blocks().latest()), expected_clock);
+    let stored: solana_sysvar::clock::Clock = te2
+        .get_account(solana_sdk_ids::sysvar::clock::ID)
+        .unwrap()
+        .deserialize_data()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(stored, expected_clock);
     assert_eq!(
         load_v42_data(&te2, key),
         Some(21),
@@ -167,7 +176,8 @@ async fn replay_aborts_on_checksum_mismatch() {
     }
 }
 
-/// Proves a clean restart restores processed signatures without re-execution.
+/// Proves a clean restart restores processed signatures and the same slot-based
+/// epoch without re-execution.
 ///
 /// Persisted state reopens as-is with the clean-shutdown volatile dump. A failed
 /// execution still counts on both durable sides without writing accounts. The
@@ -195,9 +205,24 @@ async fn clean_restart_reopens_persisted_and_volatile_state() {
     te.advance(1).await;
     let direct = store_v42(&te, 7, AccountMode::Delegated);
     let volatile = store_v42(&te, 8, AccountMode::ReadOnly);
+    let expected_clock = te.clock(te.blocks().latest());
+    assert!(expected_clock.epoch > 0);
     let (dirs, authority) = te.close().await;
 
     let te2 = TestEngine::with(dirs, authority).await;
+    // Leader startup reconstructs the block timestamp as zero; epoch semantics
+    // depend only on the recovered slot, not on that existing timestamp policy.
+    let expected_clock = solana_sysvar::clock::Clock {
+        unix_timestamp: 0,
+        ..expected_clock
+    };
+    assert_eq!(te2.clock(te2.blocks().latest()), expected_clock);
+    let stored: solana_sysvar::clock::Clock = te2
+        .get_account(solana_sdk_ids::sysvar::clock::ID)
+        .unwrap()
+        .deserialize_data()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(stored, expected_clock);
     assert_eq!(
         load_v42_data(&te2, key),
         Some(21),

keeper/README.md

@@ -50,6 +50,17 @@ bounded duplicate protection from retained history. Recovered signatures do not
 necessarily have retained execution results. Snapshot bootstrap may also leave
 account-state transaction counts ahead of locally retained history.
 
+## Epochs and Clock
+
+Use `Keeper::epoch_schedule()` to interpret slots as informational epochs. Each
+epoch spans `blockstore.superblock` slots without warmup; zero disables periodic
+sealing and uses 432,000-slot epochs. The schedule follows local configuration,
+so it can differ between peers or change on restart. Sealing does not advance it.
+
+Execution and simulation see Clock at the slot after the latest completed block,
+with epochs derived from that slot and the Unix timestamp from the block.
+`epoch_start_timestamp` is unsupported and remains zero.
+
 ## State boundaries
 
 Full superblocks capture recoverable state and rotate history. Checksum-only

keeper/src/accessor.rs

@@ -92,9 +92,7 @@ impl<'a> AccountsAccessor<'a> {
         let Some(mut cacc) = loader.read(&Clock::id(), Clone::clone)? else {
             return Ok(());
         };
-        let mut clock: Clock = cacc.deserialize_data().map_err(AccountsDBError::from)?;
-        clock.slot = block.slot;
-        clock.unix_timestamp = block.time;
+        let clock = self.keeper.clock(block);
         cacc.serialize_data(&clock).map_err(AccountsDBError::from)?;
         drop(loader);
         self.store(&[(SlotHashes::id(), hacc), (Clock::id(), cacc)]).map_err(Into::into)

keeper/src/builder.rs

@@ -79,10 +79,12 @@ impl KeeperBuilder {
         let accountsdb = self.accountsdb(&ledger)?;
         let (caches, featureset) = self.prepopulate(&accountsdb, &ledger).await?;
         metrics::init();
+        let epoch_schedule = self.epoch_schedule();
         Ok(Keeper {
             authority: self.authority,
             featureset,
             rent: self.rent,
+            epoch_schedule,
             accountsdb,
             ledger,
             caches,
@@ -112,6 +114,17 @@ impl KeeperBuilder {
         Ok((caches, featureset))
     }
 
+    /// Epochs follow the local sealing interval; zero uses Solana's no-warmup default.
+    fn epoch_schedule(&self) -> EpochSchedule {
+        let mut schedule = EpochSchedule::without_warmup();
+        // Direct assignment supports intervals below Solana's 32-slot minimum.
+        if self.blockstore.superblock != 0 {
+            schedule.slots_per_epoch = self.blockstore.superblock;
+            schedule.leader_schedule_slot_offset = self.blockstore.superblock;
+        }
+        schedule
+    }
+
     /// Builds read-side caches using blocktime-derived slot TTLs.
     fn caches(&self, latest: Block) -> Caches {
         Caches::new(
@@ -225,13 +238,8 @@ impl KeeperBuilder {
             self.leader_caches(&slothashes)
         };
 
-        // Set the clock slot one ahead from the last
-        let latest = caches.latest();
-        let clock = Clock {
-            slot: latest.slot + 1,
-            unix_timestamp: latest.time,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
+        let epoch_schedule = self.epoch_schedule();
+        let clock = crate::clock(&epoch_schedule, caches.latest());
         accounts.push((Clock::id(), self.account(&clock, &sysvar::ID)?.build()));
         accounts.push((Rent::id(), self.account(&self.rent, &sysvar::ID)?.build()));
         #[allow(deprecated)]
@@ -249,7 +257,7 @@ impl KeeperBuilder {
         ));
         accounts.push((
             EpochSchedule::id(),
-            self.account(&EpochSchedule::default(), &sysvar::ID)?.build(),
+            self.account(&epoch_schedule, &sysvar::ID)?.build(),
         ));
         accounts.push((
             EpochRewards::id(),

keeper/src/lib.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use nucleus::{
     config::Authority,
     ledger::{ACCOUNTSDB_SNAPSHOT_FILE, Checkpoint, Reset, Signed, SuperblockSeal},
 };
-use solana_sysvar::rent::Rent;
+use solana_sysvar::{clock::Clock, epoch_schedule::EpochSchedule, rent::Rent};
 
 use crate::{
     accessor::{AccountsAccessor, BlocksAccessor, SuperblockAccessor, TransactionsAccessor},
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ pub struct Keeper {
     featureset: FeatureSet,
     /// Rent parameters applied during execution.
     rent: Rent,
+    /// Local slot-based schedule shared by sysvars and execution.
+    epoch_schedule: EpochSchedule,
     /// Account state store.
     accountsdb: AccountsDB,
     /// Ledger worker handles and append path.
@@ -214,6 +216,16 @@ impl Keeper {
         &self.rent
     }
 
+    /// Returns the informational epoch schedule derived from local superblock configuration.
+    pub fn epoch_schedule(&self) -> &EpochSchedule {
+        &self.epoch_schedule
+    }
+
+    /// Clock for the slot executing after `block`. Epoch-start timestamps are unsupported.
+    pub fn clock(&self, block: nucleus::ledger::Block) -> Clock {
+        clock(&self.epoch_schedule, block)
+    }
+
     /// Waits for queued ledger work to become durable, then synchronously
     /// flushes persisted account storage. Volatile accounts are not serialized.
     ///
@@ -289,3 +301,16 @@ impl Keeper {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
+
+/// Shared by startup seeding and live transitions; seals never enter this calculation.
+fn clock(schedule: &EpochSchedule, block: nucleus::ledger::Block) -> Clock {
+    let slot = block.slot + 1;
+    Clock {
+        slot,
+        epoch: schedule.get_epoch(slot),
+        leader_schedule_epoch: schedule.get_leader_schedule_epoch(slot),
+        unix_timestamp: block.time,
+        // Engine does not track epoch-start timestamps.
+        epoch_start_timestamp: 0,
+    }
+}