Smart Energy Manager – HACS Integration

A HACS integration for Home Assistant that optimizes self-consumption of solar energy with battery, EV charger, and electric boiler/water heater.

Läs detta på svenska: README.sv.md

What's New in 0.7.7

Fixed a periodic single-cycle power glitch during otherwise-stable charging/discharging. Sonnen's API description ("the setpoint is kept until the battery receives a new charging or discharging value") reads as ONE shared internal setpoint (direction + magnitude) behind the separate "force charge"/"force discharge" number entities, not two independent registers — the latest write wins regardless of which direction issued it. P6-1's heartbeat (re-send an unchanged value at least every 5 minutes, for self-healing against a dropped write) was rewriting the inactive direction's 0 on that schedule even while the other direction was actively driving a real value — on a shared setpoint, that briefly zeroes it until the next cycle's write catches up, visible as a single ~30s near-zero blip in battery_inout roughly every 5-10 minutes during an otherwise clean, continuously-rising charge or discharge ramp. _write_battery_setpoints() now only heartbeat-rewrites the inactive direction's 0 when both directions are meant to be idle (the case the self-healing actually protects); while one direction is active, the other is only touched for a genuine correction, never on the heartbeat schedule alone.

See CHANGELOG.md for older releases (including v0.7.5's manual-mode fix and v0.7.6's evening-target fix).

System Overview

Grid (3-phase, max 20A/phase)
    │
    │    Battery inverter (3-phase)     Solar inverter (3-phase)
    │           │                             │
    └─────┬─────┴─────────────────────────────┴──── Meter 4 (house load) ────┬──── Other loads
          │                                                                  │
          │                                                              Meter 5
          │                                                                   │
          │                                                                Boiler
          │                                                              (1-phase compressor
          │                                                             +2-phase heating element
          └────┐                                                        +buffer tank)
               │
           EV charger
        (1- or 3-phase hardware,
         multiple cars take turns,
         car selection via HA entity)

NOTE: The charger's number of phases (hardware) and the car's number of phases (car_phases, 1/2/3-phase) are two separate settings. Phase load in the phase protection is always governed by the car's built-in charger, not by the charger hardware's phase count – see EV Charger and Car Selection.

Electricity Meter Roles

Meter	Location	Sign	Unit
Meter 1	Grid connection	Negative = export, Positive = import	kW
Meter 2	Battery inverter AC side	Negative = consumption	W
Meter 3	Solar inverter	Positive = production	W
Meter 4	Property load (excl. solar, battery, and EV charger)	Positive = consumption	W
Meter 5	Boiler	Positive = consumption	W

NOTE: Meter 1 reports in kW – select the unit kW in the configuration. The EV charger (internal meter) also reports in kW.

Features

Auto Mode (Self-Consumption)

Cover household load – priority 1
Charge cars from solar – when solar surplus ≥ 1,400 W (1-phase) or 4,140 W (3-phase); current adjusted dynamically
Charge battery from solar surplus
Extra hot water via heating element – when the battery is full, solar surplus remains, and tank temperature is below the configured maximum (default 70°C)
Discharge the battery – when the buy price exceeds SEK 0.20/kWh, or when it is the best discharge hour in the coming 12h according to the price planning
Negative electricity prices – absorb all possible solar power into battery, cars, and hot water

Price Planning (quarter-hours ahead)

Based on Nord Pool's raw_today/raw_tomorrow attributes, the following are calculated each cycle:

Best charging/discharging hour for the coming 12h – governs battery decisions in both auto and winter mode
Proactive absorption – if ≥ 4 quarter-hours with negative sell price are expected within 2h, the battery holds headroom (up to 30%) to make room for solar. Extra hot water and EV charging are not started proactively; they wait until the price is actually negative
Results are exposed via sensor.sem_negative_slots_ahead, sensor.sem_best_discharge_price, and sensor.sem_best_charge_price

Solcast Solar Forecast (30-minute resolution)

If Solcast sensors are configured, the detailedForecast attribute (30-minute pv_estimate values in kW) is read each cycle and matched against Nord Pool price slots:

Per-slot solar data – each price slot gets an expected solar power value (kW) and energy (kWh)
Wait for solar – if ≥ 2 kWh of solar is expected within 2 h and the current buy price is above SEK 0.50/kWh, battery charging from the grid is skipped to preserve headroom for free solar
Solar aggregates – rolling forecasts for the next 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h exposed as sensors
Peak solar – the expected peak power (kW) within 8 h and how many hours until it occurs
sensor.sem_wait_for_solar turns on when the system is holding back grid charging in anticipation of solar

Winter Mode

Charge battery overnight when the price is below a configurable limit
Discharge battery during expensive hours (evening peak)
Always charge from solar when possible

Force Modes

Force EV Charge – charge all connected cars from the grid (max current, phase-limited)
Force Battery Charge – charge battery from the grid

Manual Mode

Manual – disables all automatic control. No decisions are made; used when you want to control battery/charger/hot water manually via your own automations. Selected via select.sem_operating_mode (there is no dedicated switch for this mode).

Phase Protection

Calculates phase load per phase and reduces in priority order:

Reduces EV charging current (lowest-priority charger first)
Reduces battery charging
Turns off extra hot water (heating element)

EV Charger and Car Selection

Charger → Cars Model

Each EV charger is configured as a hardware unit with a list of cars that can use it. When a car is connected, the user selects which car it is via a select entity in the dashboard.

Charger A (3-phase hardware)
├── Connection sensor: sensor.charger_status
├── Car 1: Volvo XC40    (SOC sensor, target 80%, 1-phase car charger, phase L1)
└── Car 2: Tesla Model 3 (SOC sensor, target 90%, 3-phase car charger)

The phase load that the phase protection calculates is always determined by the car's car_phases (1/2/3-phase), not by the charger hardware's phase count. A 1-phase car only loads its selected phase; a 2-phase car loads its phase plus the next one (e.g., L1+L2); a 3-phase car loads all three phases equally.

Car Selection Flow

Car is connected → sensor.sem_charger_a_connected → on
The system pauses charging and sends a persistent HA notification
The user selects the car in select.sem_charger_a_active_car
The system charges using the correct SOC target and phase setting for the selected car
The notification closes automatically

Configuration per Charger

Setting	Description
Name	Display name for the charger
Connection sensor	Sensor showing `connected`/`charging`/`disconnected`
Charger switch	Switch to enable/disable charging
Charging current setpoint	Number entity for current setting (A)
Charging power sensor	Sensor for actual charging power (optional)
Number of phases	1-phase or 3-phase (hardware)

Configuration per Car

Setting	Description
Name	Display name for the car
SOC sensor	The car's battery sensor (optional)
Target SOC	Charging target in % (default 80%)
Number of phases (car's charger)	1-phase, 2-phase, or 3-phase – the car's built-in charger, governs phase load
Phase	Starting phase the car charges on (relevant for 1- and 2-phase cars)

Electric Boiler – Phase Model and Temperature Control

The boiler has two separate circuits:

Circuit	Operation	Phases	Typical power
Heat pump (compressor)	Normal house heating	1-phase (configurable, default L3)	500–1,500 W
Heating element	Extra hot water	2-phase (the two remaining phases, default L1+L2)	3,000–6,000 W

The element phases are calculated automatically as the two phases not used by the compressor.

Temperature Control for Extra Hot Water

A temperature sensor on the buffer tank is used to prevent unnecessary heating:

Max temp (default 70°C): turns off extra hot water if the tank reaches this level
Min temp (default 65°C): does not start extra hot water until the tank is below this level (even if everything else allows it)
The temperature is shown in sensor.sem_hot_water_temp

Minimum Runtime (anti-flicker)

To prevent the heating element from switching on/off every 30-second cycle, extra hot water is forced to stay ON for at least 5 minutes (default, configurable) from the actual start time, even if the control logic wants to turn it off earlier.

Legionella Disinfection

The boiler's built-in Legionella program runs automatically about once a week to heat the hot water to ≥ 65°C (configurable) and eliminate Legionella bacteria.

How It Works

The system uses a separate digital switch to start the boiler's Legionella program:

We turn the switch ON to start the program
The boiler finishes the program and turns the switch OFF automatically when done
If the switch is turned off prematurely, the cycle is aborted and the run is not counted as successful
The run is confirmed via the temperature sensor – if the temperature does not reach the target value, the run is not registered as successful

Start Priority Order

Priority	Condition	Description
1	Solar surplus ≥ 3,000 W within the desired time window	Free solar power drives the program
2	Electricity price ≤ configured max price within the desired time window	Runs on cheap grid power
3	Interval exceeded by 50% (emergency run)	Runs regardless of price, avoids the night 23:00–06:00

Settings

Setting	Default	Description
Enabled	Yes	Turn the feature on/off
Legionella switch	–	The boiler's digital program switch
Confirmation temp	65°C	Temperature that confirms a successful run
Interval	7 days	How often disinfection should occur
Desired time window	10–15	Hours when solar is normally available
Max price	SEK 1.50/kWh	Do not run on grid power if more expensive
Run time	60 min	Reference time (the boiler controls the actual time)

Pricing

	Formula
Buy price	`(spot price + grid fees + energy tax) × (1 + VAT)`
Sell price	`spot price + extra revenue (electricity certificates, etc.)`

Entities

Sensors

Entity	Description
`sensor.sem_buy_price`	Current buy price SEK/kWh
`sensor.sem_sell_price`	Current sell price SEK/kWh
`sensor.sem_spot_price`	Nord Pool spot price
`sensor.sem_battery_charge_power`	Battery charging setpoint (W)
`sensor.sem_battery_discharge_power`	Battery discharging setpoint (W)
`sensor.sem_phase_l1_load`	Calculated phase load L1 (W)
`sensor.sem_phase_l2_load`	Calculated phase load L2 (W)
`sensor.sem_phase_l3_load`	Calculated phase load L3 (W)
`sensor.sem_house_load`	House load W – Meter 4 direct or calculated
`sensor.sem_solar_surplus`	Solar surplus (W)
`sensor.sem_hot_water_temp`	Buffer tank temperature (°C)
`sensor.sem_decision_reason`	Text explanation of the latest decision
`sensor.sem_operating_mode`	Active operating mode
`sensor.sem_legionella_active`	`on` when the Legionella program is running
`sensor.sem_legionella_days_since`	Days since the last confirmed run
`sensor.sem_legionella_next_due`	Date of the next planned run
`sensor.sem_legionella_temp_confirmed`	`on` if temp is confirmed during an ongoing run
`sensor.sem_negative_slots_ahead`	Number of quarter-hours with negative sell price in the coming 8h
`sensor.sem_best_discharge_price`	Best (highest) buy price for discharging in the coming 12h, with timestamp as attribute
`sensor.sem_best_charge_price`	Lowest buy price for charging in the coming 12h, with timestamp as attribute
`sensor.sem_yesterday_consumption`	Yesterday's consumption excl. EV charging (kWh) – requires a configured sensor
`sensor.sem_solar_next_2h_kwh`	Expected solar energy next 2 h (kWh, Solcast median)
`sensor.sem_solar_next_4h_kwh`	Expected solar energy next 4 h (kWh, Solcast median)
`sensor.sem_solar_next_8h_kwh`	Expected solar energy next 8 h (kWh, Solcast median)
`sensor.sem_peak_solar_kw_next_8h`	Expected peak solar power within 8 h (kW) – attribute: `peak_solar_time`
`sensor.sem_hours_to_solar_peak`	Hours until solar peak within 8 h
`sensor.sem_wait_for_solar`	`on` when the system is holding back grid charging in anticipation of solar
`sensor.sem_battery_accumulated_cost`	Accumulated cost (SEK) of energy currently in the battery – attributes: `solar_kwh_total`, `grid_kwh_total`, `average_price_sek_kwh`, `last_sell_price`
`sensor.sem_battery_average_price`	Average cost per kWh of energy currently in the battery (SEK/kWh)

Per charger (replace <charger> with the charger's name in lowercase):

Entity	Description
`sensor.sem_charger_<charger>_connected`	`on`/`off` – car physically connected
`sensor.sem_charger_<charger>_active_car`	Name of the selected car
`sensor.sem_charger_<charger>_current`	Charging current setpoint (A)
`sensor.sem_charger_<charger>_enabled`	Charging active `on`/`off`

sensor.sem_phase_lX_load is a forecast, not a measurement – it reflects the calculated phase load after the control decisions have been executed.

Switches

Entity	Function
`switch.sem_force_ev_charge_from_grid`	Force EV charging from the grid
`switch.sem_winter_mode`	Enable winter mode
`switch.sem_force_charge_battery_from_grid`	Force battery charging

Select

Entity	Function
`select.sem_operating_mode`	Select operating mode: `auto` / `winter` / `force_charge_ev` / `force_charge_battery` / `manual`
`select.sem_charger_<charger>_active_car`	Select which car is connected to the charger

Number (adjustable in real time)

Entity	Function
`number.sem_battery_min_soc`	Battery min SOC %
`number.sem_battery_max_soc`	Battery max SOC %
`number.sem_ev_soc_target`	Global default charging target %
`number.sem_winter_cheap_threshold`	Cheap price threshold (SEK/kWh)
`number.sem_winter_expensive_threshold`	Expensive price threshold (SEK/kWh)
`number.sem_winter_min_soc`	Winter min SOC %
`number.sem_winter_max_soc`	Winter max SOC %

Installation via HACS

Go to HACS → Integrations → ⋮ → Custom repositories
Add https://github.com/fjonson95/smart_energy_manager, category: Integration
Install "Smart Energy Manager"
Restart Home Assistant
Settings → Integrations → Add → Smart Energy Manager

Configuration

Dependencies

One of these Nord Pool integrations must be installed:

nordpool (HACS) – custom_components/nordpool, provides raw_today/raw_tomorrow with 15-minute prices
Nord Pool (official) – built-in HA integration (HA 2024.x+), requires nordpool_type = official and nordpool_area (e.g. SE3) in configuration

Optional but recommended:

solcast_solar – solar forecast

Configuration Flow

Configuration takes place in six steps:

Step 1 – Grid & Pricing

Nord Pool sensor (required) – spot price sensor from the chosen integration
Nord Pool integration type – hacs (default) or official
Nord Pool price area – e.g. SE3 (only used with official)
Grid meter per phase (L1/L2/L3)
Current sensors per phase (for phase protection)
Max current per phase (default 20 A)
Grid voltage (default 230 V)
Grid fees, energy tax, VAT, sales compensation
House load controller – point to Meter 4 for direct house load measurement (recommended)
Grid meter unit – select kW if Meter 1 reports in kilowatts
EV charger power unit – select kW if the charger reports in kilowatts
Yesterday's consumption – optional sensor for sensor.sem_yesterday_consumption

Step 2 – Solar Panels

Solar inverter total and per phase
Solcast forecasts today/tomorrow

Step 3 – Battery

SOC sensor, power sensor, charging and discharging entities
Capacity (kWh) and max power (kW)
Min/max SOC limits

Step 4 – Electric Boiler / Heat Pump

Power sensor (Meter 5) – the compressor's on/off status is read from the power, no separate switch needed
Switch for extra hot water (heating element)
Compressor phase (1-phase, default L3) – element phases are calculated automatically
Heating element rated power (kW)
Buffer tank temperature sensor (optional)
Max temp for extra hot water (default 70°C)
Min temp for extra hot water (default 65°C)
Minimum runtime for extra hot water (default 5 min) – prevents on/off flicker

Step 5 – Legionella Disinfection

Enable/disable the feature
Legionella switch (the boiler's digital program switch)
Confirmation temp (default 65°C – the run is approved when the tank reaches this temp)
Interval in days (default 7)
Desired time window (default 10–15)
Max electricity price for running on grid power (default SEK 1.50/kWh)
Run time in minutes (reference time)

Step 6 – EV Charger

Add one or more chargers
Per charger: name, connection sensor, switch, current setpoint entity, charger phase count (1-phase or 3-phase hardware)
Per car on the charger: name, SOC sensor, SOC target, the car's phase count (1/2/3-phase built-in charger – governs phase load), phase (for 1- and 2-phase cars)
Repeat for each charger

All settings can be edited afterwards via Settings → Integrations → Smart Energy Manager → Configure.

Unit Notes

Sensor	Unit in HA	Setting
Meter 1 (grid meter)	kW	Grid meter unit → kW
Meter 3 / SolInv_prod	W	(default W)
BatInv_in_out	W, pos=charging, neg=discharging	(default W)
Meter 4 (house load)	W	House load controller → Meter 4
Meter 5 (boiler)	W	Boiler power sensor → Meter 5
Car_charging (internal)	kW	EV charger power unit → kW

Logging

logger:
  logs:
    custom_components.smart_energy_manager: debug

Example: Automation for Winter Mode

automation:
  - alias: "Winter mode October–March"
    trigger:
      - platform: time
        at: "00:01:00"
    condition:
      - condition: template
        value_template: "{{ now().month in [10,11,12,1,2,3] }}"
    action:
      - service: select.select_option
        target:
          entity_id: select.sem_operating_mode
        data:
          option: winter

Example: Dashboard (Lovelace)

type: vertical-stack
cards:
  - type: entity
    entity: select.sem_operating_mode
    name: Operating mode

  - type: glance
    entities:
      - entity: sensor.sem_buy_price
        name: Buy SEK/kWh
      - entity: sensor.sem_sell_price
        name: Sell SEK/kWh
      - entity: sensor.sem_solar_surplus
        name: Solar surplus W
      - entity: sensor.sem_house_load
        name: House load W
      - entity: sensor.sem_hot_water_temp
        name: Hot water °C

  - type: gauge
    entity: sensor.sem_battery_charge_power
    name: Battery charging W
    max: 5000

  - type: entities
    title: Charger A
    entities:
      - entity: sensor.sem_charger_laddare_a_connected
        name: Connected
      - entity: select.sem_charger_laddare_a_active_car
        name: Selected car
      - entity: sensor.sem_charger_laddare_a_current
        name: Charging current A
      - entity: sensor.sem_charger_laddare_a_enabled
        name: Charging active

  - type: entities
    title: Legionella
    entities:
      - entity: sensor.sem_legionella_active
        name: In progress
      - entity: sensor.sem_legionella_temp_confirmed
        name: Temp confirmed
      - entity: sensor.sem_legionella_days_since
        name: Days since last
      - entity: sensor.sem_legionella_next_due
        name: Next run

  - type: entity
    entity: sensor.sem_decision_reason
    name: Latest decision

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
.github/workflows		.github/workflows
custom_components/smart_energy_manager		custom_components/smart_energy_manager
docs		docs
testdata		testdata
www		www
.gitignore		.gitignore
CHANGELOG.md		CHANGELOG.md
CHANGELOG.sv.md		CHANGELOG.sv.md
CLAUDE.md		CLAUDE.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
README.sv.md		README.sv.md
hacs.json		hacs.json
icon.png		icon.png
logo.png		logo.png

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