refactor(query): phase 1 of removing global service lookups

[forsaken628]

I hereby agree to the terms of the CLA available at: https://docs.databend.com/dev/policies/cla/

Summary

This PR is the first phase of removing global variables and global singleton lookups from the query layer.

In this phase, the focus is on introducing context-bound service access and migrating a low-risk subset of callsites away from direct global reads. The branch adds a generic
service registry/provider abstraction, makes session/query/table contexts able to expose registered services, and starts switching callers from GlobalInstance / ::instance()
style access to context-based lookup.

Key changes:

• introduce a reusable service access abstraction in common/base
• make SessionManager own default services and inject them into SessionContext
• allow QueryContext and TableContext callsites to resolve services from the current execution context
• migrate a first batch of low-risk callsites in query service, system tables, hooks, and table functions
• update test contexts and related tests to work with context-bound service resolution

Scope of phase 1:

• infrastructure and callsite migration only
• keeps behavior changes minimal
• does not attempt to remove all globals in one step
• leaves higher-risk initialization and lifecycle refactors for follow-up phases

Tests

• Unit Test
• Logic Test
• Benchmark Test
• No Test - Explain why

Type of change

• Bug Fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New Feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking Change (fix or feature that could cause existing functionality not to work as expected)
• Documentation Update
• Refactoring
• Performance Improvement
• Other (please describe):

---

This change is