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backport: bitcoin#24148 - #7758
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⛔ Final review complete — 1 blocking finding(s) (commit 90ae269) |
ffc79b8 qa: functional test Miniscript watchonly support (Antoine Poinsot) bfb0367 Miniscript support in output descriptors (Antoine Poinsot) 4a08288 qa: better error reporting on descriptor parsing error (Antoine Poinsot) d25d58b miniscript: add a helper to find the first insane sub with no child (Antoine Poinsot) c38c7c5 miniscript: don't check for top level validity at parsing time (Antoine Poinsot) Pull request description: This adds Miniscript support for Output Descriptors without any signing logic (yet). See the OP of bitcoin#24147 for a description of Miniscript and a rationale of having it in Bitcoin Core. On its own, this PR adds "watchonly" support for Miniscript descriptors in the descriptor wallet. A follow-up adds signing support. A minified corpus of Miniscript Descriptors for the `descriptor_parse` fuzz target is available at bitcoin-core/qa-assets#92. The Miniscript descriptors used in the unit tests here and in bitcoin#24149 were cross-tested against the Rust implementation at https://github.com/rust-bitcoin/rust-miniscript. This PR contains code and insights from Pieter Wuille. ACKs for top commit: Sjors: re-utACK ffc79b8 achow101: ACK ffc79b8 w0xlt: reACK bitcoin@ffc79b8 Tree-SHA512: 02d919d38bb626d3c557eca3680ce71117739fa161b7a92cfdb6c9c432ed88870b1ed127ba24248574c40c7428217d7e9bdd986fd8cd7c51fae8c776e1271fb9 Dash adaptations: - src/script/descriptor.cpp: Dash has no segwit, so `ParseScriptContext::P2WSH` does not exist. Miniscript is wired to Dash's only hash-wrapped-script context, `ParseScriptContext::P2SH`, at all five upstream P2WSH sites: `KeyParser::FromString`, `KeyParser::FromPKBytes`, `KeyParser::FromPKHBytes`, the miniscript gate in `ParseScript`, and the miniscript gate in `InferScript`. Miniscript expressions therefore live inside `sh()` instead of `wsh()`. - src/script/descriptor.cpp: the user-visible error string was written as "Miniscript expressions can only be used in sh" instead of upstream's "... can only be used in wsh". - src/script/descriptor.cpp: upstream's new `InferPubkey` body uses `ConstPubkeyProvider(0, pubkey, /*xonly=*/false)` and a 3-arg `OriginPubkeyProvider`. Dash's `ConstPubkeyProvider` takes 2 args (no xonly flag) and `OriginPubkeyProvider` takes a trailing `apostrophe` flag, so the moved-up `InferPubkey` was written as `ConstPubkeyProvider(0, pubkey)` / `OriginPubkeyProvider(0, std::move(info), std::move(key_provider), /*apostrophe=*/false)`. - src/script/descriptor.cpp: `InferXOnlyPubkey` and upstream's `InferMultiA` were dropped rather than added — Dash has no `XOnlyPubKey` inference, no `MatchMultiA`, and no `MultiADescriptor`. - src/script/descriptor.cpp: the `DescriptorImpl` conflict was resolved keeping Dash's existing comment wording on `m_pubkey_args` while taking upstream's move of the `protected:` label above that member (so `MiniscriptDescriptor` can reach it). - src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp: the DoCheck hunks were resolved onto Dash's `Parse(prv, keys_priv, error)` / `UseHInsteadOfApostrophe(pub)` flow, keeping Dash's apostrophe-vs-h handling and taking upstream's `BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(EqualDescriptor(...))` upgrades. - src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp: upstream's negative Miniscript tests were rewritten from `wsh(...)` to `sh(...)`, and the expected error for the context check is "Miniscript expressions can only be used in sh". Upstream's private descriptors use Bitcoin mainnet WIF keys, which do not decode under Dash's base58 prefixes and could not be re-encoded in this environment, so the hex public keys are used for both the private and the public descriptor in those `CheckUnparsable` calls; a comment in the file records this. - test/functional/wallet_miniscript.py: every descriptor is wrapped in `sh(...)` instead of `wsh(...)` (the four `MINISCRIPTS` policies via `descsum_create(f"sh({ms})")`, and the insane-descriptor sanity check). All four policies compile to redeemScripts well under the 520-byte `MAX_SCRIPT_ELEMENT_SIZE` push limit. - test/functional/wallet_miniscript.py: added `add_options` calling `self.add_wallet_options(parser, legacy=False)`. Dash's test framework requires this declaration, otherwise `self.options.descriptors` is `None` and the node is started with `-disablewallet`. - test/functional/test_runner.py: the new entry is `'wallet_miniscript.py --descriptors'` — the explicit flag is needed because Dash's framework runs with `REQUIRE_WALLET_TYPE_SET`. Upstream's hunk also carried the context line `'feature_maxtipage.py'`; it was dropped because Dash already lists that test earlier in the file and re-adding it would duplicate the entry. Not applicable to Dash (intentionally omitted): - src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp: Two positive Miniscript Check() cases (wsh(...) and sh(wsh(...))). They expect segwit scriptPubKeys (0020..., P2SH-P2WSH), OutputType::BECH32/P2SH_SEGWIT and MIXED_PUBKEYS, none of which exist in Dash. The positive sh() path is covered by wallet_miniscript.py, which passes. (reviewer: not for Dash) - src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp: tr(miniscript) CheckUnparsable case and the long tr() fuzz-regression CheckUnparsable case. Dash has no taproot (no tr() descriptor, no P2TR context). (reviewer: not for Dash) - src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp: raw(miniscript) CheckUnparsable case whose public side is sh(miniscript) expecting 'can only be used in wsh'. In Dash sh(miniscript) is the valid context, so the pairing cannot carry over. The same error path is tested by the top-level (no wrapper) CheckUnparsable case. (reviewer: not for Dash) - src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp: 'Invalid checksum' CheckUnparsable case on a wsh(miniscript)#abcdef12 descriptor. Its expected computed checksum is for the wsh() string. This omission was carried over unchanged from the already-reviewed backport. It only exercises the generic checksum error path, which Dash's existing checksum tests already cover. No prerequisite blocks it, so an sh() variant could be added later as a test-only follow-up. (reviewer: not for Dash) Replayed onto a newer base. Dash adaptations: - src/script/descriptor.cpp: InferPubkey is moved above KeyParser as upstream 24148 does, but the moved body is develop's current one: it keeps the IsValidNonHybrid() and TOP/P2SH-only-uncompressed checks and the named `ctx` parameter that the partial bitcoin#28602 backport (13def7a) added - src/script/descriptor.cpp: KeyParser::FromPKBytes/FromPKHBytes check InferPubkey's nullable result (`if (auto pubkey_provider = InferPubkey(...))`), which is how upstream bitcoin#28602 rewrote these KeyParser methods (it landed after 24148). Develop's InferPubkey can now return nullptr, and leaving these unchanged would push null providers. This replaces the prior diff's `pubkey.IsValid()` check in FromPKBytes, because InferPubkey's IsValidNonHybrid() check covers it - src/script/descriptor.cpp: InferScript puts the P2SH Miniscript inference block before the 'top-level only descriptors' early return that bitcoin#28067 added (48a3b6c). This is the same order as upstream master (see 744157e), so sh(miniscript) inference is not cut off - src/script/miniscript.h: the Parse() conflict is resolved to upstream's `return std::move(constructed.front());`. Develop had already made tl_node non-const via bitcoin#26707, so the prior diff's DecodeScript `const NodeRef` -> `NodeRef` hunk is already on develop and is no longer in this diff - src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp: the Miniscript CheckUnparsable cases from the prior diff (sh() context, hex pubkeys instead of Bitcoin mainnet WIF keys) are appended after develop's CheckInferDescriptor cases from bitcoin#28602; both sets are kept - Carried over unchanged from the prior reviewed backport: Miniscript is only allowed inside sh() (Dash has no segwit), so the error text is 'Miniscript expressions can only be used in sh', and KeyParser and InferScript use ParseScriptContext::P2SH instead of P2WSH; wallet_miniscript.py wraps each miniscript in sh() instead of wsh() Not applicable to Dash (intentionally omitted): - src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp: Upstream's two positive Miniscript Check() cases are wsh()/sh(wsh()) descriptors with witness-program scripts and Bitcoin mainnet WIF keys. Dash has no segwit. This omission is carried over from the prior reviewed backport and is documented in a code comment; wallet_miniscript.py covers the sh() positive path
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Navigate logical layers of code changes, visualize relationships, and explore their blast radius. WalkthroughThe change adds Miniscript parsing and sanity checks to descriptor handling. It supports parsing and inferring sane Miniscript descriptors in P2SH context, including key conversion and descriptor serialization. Unit tests cover parsing errors, validity, and insane subexpressions. A functional test imports Miniscript descriptors into a watch-only wallet and checks address derivation and fund detection. Priority: ➖ Normal Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes Sequence Diagram(s)sequenceDiagram
participant WalletMiniscriptTest
participant DescriptorWallet
participant Node
WalletMiniscriptTest->>DescriptorWallet: Import active ranged watch-only descriptor
WalletMiniscriptTest->>DescriptorWallet: Request derived addresses
WalletMiniscriptTest->>Node: Send funds to a derived address
Node-->>DescriptorWallet: Report transaction and UTXO
WalletMiniscriptTest->>DescriptorWallet: Check detected UTXO is unsolvable
Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to The change is mergeable with a small documentation correction: callers following the current sanity-check guidance would use a method that does not exist. Security Architecture ReviewSecurity architecture risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to Wallets gain support for monitoring Miniscript outputs, but two key-handling paths may reject valid descriptors or produce public exports that cannot be used to monitor hardened-derived addresses. The impact is limited to descriptor use; no broader network or deployment change is shown. Retained concerns
Security review detailsSecurity Blast Radius
Security Findings and Attack Paths
Trust Boundaries and Controls
Resilience and Maintainability Implications
Hardening Proposals
🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1❌ Failed checks (1 warning)
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
✨ Finishing Touches🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)
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In @src/script/miniscript.h:
- Around line 977-981: Update the Parse documentation to refer to Node’s
existing IsSane() method instead of the undefined IsSaneTopLevel(), keeping the
IsValidTopLevel() reference unchanged.
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src/script/descriptor.cppsrc/script/miniscript.hsrc/test/descriptor_tests.cppsrc/test/miniscript_tests.cpptest/functional/test_runner.pytest/functional/wallet_miniscript.py
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Final validation — Phase 1 + Phase 2
Verified head 90ae269. The daemon, CLI, and unit-test build targets succeeded, descriptor_tests and miniscript_tests passed, and wallet_miniscript.py --descriptors passed; however, independently signed regtest transactions confirmed that newly accepted descriptors can produce consensus-unspendable outputs or outputs requiring nonstandard spending transactions. Request changes for the incomplete P2SH resource validation, with an additional suggestion to restore applicable positive descriptor-test coverage.
🔴 1 blocking | 🟡 1 suggestion(s)
Review provenance
Source: reviewer 1: muse-spark-1.3-contributor (agent: phase1-reviewer, role: general); reviewer 2: muse-spark-1.3-contributor (agent: phase1-reviewer, role: backport-reviewer); reviewer 3: muse-spark-1.3-contributor (agent: phase1-reviewer, role: dash-core-commit-history); reviewer 4: gpt-6-astra (agent: phase2-reviewer, role: general); reviewer 5: gpt-6-astra (agent: phase2-reviewer, role: backport-reviewer); reviewer 6: gpt-6-astra (agent: phase2-reviewer, role: dash-core-commit-history); final verifier: gpt-6-astra (agent: astra-verifier, role: final-verifier)
- Triage:
criticalbygpt-6-astra(effort low) — The intricate changes in src/script/descriptor.cpp introduce Miniscript key parsing, descriptor inference, and MiniscriptDescriptor::MakeScripts output-script construction adapted to Dash P2SH, directly changing key handling and the spending conditions used to secure funds. - Phase 1 reviewers:
muse-spark-1.3-contributor— general (completed, effort xhigh); agentphase1-reviewer,muse-spark-1.3-contributor— backport-reviewer (completed, effort xhigh); agentphase1-reviewer,muse-spark-1.3-contributor— dash-core-commit-history (completed, effort xhigh); agentphase1-reviewer - Phase 1 model:
muse-spark-1.3-contributor— not quota-gated; passed overgemini-3.8-flash-high(antigravity below 15% reserve: weekly 13% left, 5h 100% left),glm-5.3-flash(not used above high effort; tier asks max) - Fresh verifier:
gpt-6-astra— final-verifier; agentastra-verifier - Phase 2 reviewers:
gpt-6-astra— general (completed, effort xhigh); agentphase2-reviewer,gpt-6-astra— backport-reviewer (completed, effort xhigh); agentphase2-reviewer,gpt-6-astra— dash-core-commit-history (completed, effort xhigh); agentphase2-reviewer
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These findings are from an automated code review. Verify each finding against the current code and only fix it if needed.
In `src/script/descriptor.cpp`:
- [BLOCKING] src/script/descriptor.cpp:1319: Complete the P2SH adaptation of Miniscript resource validation
IsSane() does not enforce the limits required by the new P2SH context, and neither MiniscriptDescriptor::MakeScripts nor SHDescriptor::MakeScripts adds them. With distinct compressed keys, sh(and_v(v:pk(K0),multi(1,K1,...,K15))) passes getdescriptorinfo, deriveaddresses, and importdescriptors but produces a 548-byte redeemScript. I independently funded this descriptor and constructed a signed spend: even with nonstandard transactions enabled, testmempoolaccept rejects it with 'mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Push value size limit exceeded)'. The corresponding 514-byte, 14-key case succeeds. P2SH must push the entire redeemScript through scriptSig, so the oversized output is permanently unspendable.
The same admission gap also affects relay policy below 520 bytes. A nested or_i with 16 distinct pkh branches produces a 445-byte redeemScript whose spend fails with 'bad-txns-nonstandard-inputs' because AreInputsStandard() counts all 16 sigops against MAX_P2SH_SIGOPS=15. An and_v chain requiring 15 pkh signatures produces a 375-byte redeemScript but a 1980-byte scriptSig in the reproduction, rejected as 'scriptsig-size' against the 1650-byte limit. Both policy cases succeed with nonstandard transactions enabled.
Validate the actual P2SH redeemScript size, static sigop count, and satisfaction scriptSig-size bounds before exposing these receiving descriptors, and add accepted/rejected boundary coverage. Account for the uncompressed keys allowed by this adaptation rather than relying only on Miniscript's compressed-key ScriptSize() estimate.
In `src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp`:
- [SUGGESTION] src/test/descriptor_tests.cpp:471-474: Missing test prerequisite: bitcoin#23171
The two omitted positive Miniscript Check() cases cover newly added descriptor serialization, expansion, caching, key origins, and inference roundtrips—not just witness-program output types. Their generic coverage remains applicable after adapting the wrappers and expected scripts to sh()/LEGACY; the watch-only functional test does not exercise these assertions.
The mixed raw-key/xpub case additionally needs the generic helper changes from bitcoin#23171, commit 36012ef143917f97179d3ba6599ef36a26a9a014. That commit introduces MIXED_PUBKEYS, CountXpubs(), and cache assertions distinguishing extended keys from raw-key origins. These are present in the upstream pre-24148 tree but absent from both Dash's base and head. Dash's current DoCheck instead requires cached extended-key counts to equal all key origins, which is incorrect for the mixed fixture. Restore sh()-adapted positive cases together with the applicable helper changes. This is a test-coverage suggestion, not a current build failure: the commit explicitly documents excluding the tests.
| error = std::move(parser.m_key_parsing_error); | ||
| return nullptr; | ||
| } | ||
| if (!node->IsSane()) { |
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🔴 Blocking: Complete the P2SH adaptation of Miniscript resource validation
IsSane() does not enforce the limits required by the new P2SH context, and neither MiniscriptDescriptor::MakeScripts nor SHDescriptor::MakeScripts adds them. With distinct compressed keys, sh(and_v(v:pk(K0),multi(1,K1,...,K15))) passes getdescriptorinfo, deriveaddresses, and importdescriptors but produces a 548-byte redeemScript. I independently funded this descriptor and constructed a signed spend: even with nonstandard transactions enabled, testmempoolaccept rejects it with 'mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Push value size limit exceeded)'. The corresponding 514-byte, 14-key case succeeds. P2SH must push the entire redeemScript through scriptSig, so the oversized output is permanently unspendable.
The same admission gap also affects relay policy below 520 bytes. A nested or_i with 16 distinct pkh branches produces a 445-byte redeemScript whose spend fails with 'bad-txns-nonstandard-inputs' because AreInputsStandard() counts all 16 sigops against MAX_P2SH_SIGOPS=15. An and_v chain requiring 15 pkh signatures produces a 375-byte redeemScript but a 1980-byte scriptSig in the reproduction, rejected as 'scriptsig-size' against the 1650-byte limit. Both policy cases succeed with nonstandard transactions enabled.
Validate the actual P2SH redeemScript size, static sigop count, and satisfaction scriptSig-size bounds before exposing these receiving descriptors, and add accepted/rejected boundary coverage. Account for the uncompressed keys allowed by this adaptation rather than relying only on Miniscript's compressed-key ScriptSize() estimate.
source: gpt-6-astra (phase2-reviewer: general, backport-reviewer, dash-core-commit-history)
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Confirmed: upstream relies on P2WSH limits inside IsValid()/CheckStackSize() (script size, stack items), which Dash's bitcoin#24147 backport dropped, and moving Miniscript into sh() added no P2SH equivalent. A 1-of-15 multi plus pk() gives a 548-byte redeemScript, over the 520-byte push limit, so the output is unspendable. The fix needs new Dash-specific P2SH limits (redeemScript size, 15-sigop limit, 1650-byte scriptSig, uncompressed keys) that upstream never designed, so a maintainer must decide whether to write those checks or drop bitcoin#24148 from this batch. bitcoin#24148 has had its repair lane and is being dropped from this branch.
🤖 backportsys, on behalf of the Dash backport pipeline.
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I'm comfortable with dropping bitcoin#24148 from this batch rather than introducing the P2SH validation here; my checkout is still 90ae2694b4e, so I'm acknowledging the deferral, not confirming that the removal has landed.
Noted as intentionally deferred; I will not press it further here.
| // Upstream's two positive Check() cases for Miniscript are omitted: they are wsh()/sh(wsh()) | ||
| // descriptors whose expected scripts are witness programs, and re-deriving the equivalent | ||
| // sh() scriptPubKeys is not possible without executing the code. wallet_miniscript.py covers | ||
| // the positive path instead. |
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🟡 Suggestion: Missing test prerequisite: bitcoin#23171
The two omitted positive Miniscript Check() cases cover newly added descriptor serialization, expansion, caching, key origins, and inference roundtrips—not just witness-program output types. Their generic coverage remains applicable after adapting the wrappers and expected scripts to sh()/LEGACY; the watch-only functional test does not exercise these assertions.
The mixed raw-key/xpub case additionally needs the generic helper changes from bitcoin#23171, commit 36012ef. That commit introduces MIXED_PUBKEYS, CountXpubs(), and cache assertions distinguishing extended keys from raw-key origins. These are present in the upstream pre-24148 tree but absent from both Dash's base and head. Dash's current DoCheck instead requires cached extended-key counts to equal all key origins, which is incorrect for the mixed fixture. Restore sh()-adapted positive cases together with the applicable helper changes. This is a test-coverage suggestion, not a current build failure: the commit explicitly documents excluding the tests.
source: gpt-6-astra (phase2-reviewer: general, backport-reviewer, dash-core-commit-history)
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Verified: 36012ef (bitcoin#23171, MIXED_PUBKEYS/CountXpubs and the cache assertions) is an ancestor of upstream's bitcoin#24148 merge but is not in Dash's history. The mixed raw-key/xpub positive case cannot be restored correctly without it. sh()-adapted positive Check() cases should follow once bitcoin#23171 is backported. This needs bitcoin#23171 first; I have recorded it as a prerequisite, and bitcoin#24148 leaves this branch to come back behind it. The branch is being rewritten without it.
🤖 backportsys, on behalf of the Dash backport pipeline.
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I agree with deferring the adapted positive cases along with bitcoin#24148 and bringing in the applicable bitcoin#23171 helper changes before restoring them.
Noted as intentionally deferred; I will not press it further here.
thepastaclaw
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pastaclaw:changes-requested
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Summary review: the blocking P2SH resource-limit gap is real, but fixing it means adding Dash-specific validation that upstream does not have, so it needs a maintainer decision (write the checks, or drop bitcoin#24148). The test-coverage suggestion depends on the missing prerequisite bitcoin#23171. bitcoin#24148 has had its repair lane and is being dropped from this branch. 🤖 backportsys, on behalf of the Dash backport pipeline. |
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every backport on this branch is either on develop already or could not be carried onto the current develop; nothing left to carry - bitcoin#24148: could not be fixed: Confirmed: upstream relies on P2WSH limits inside IsValid()/CheckStackSize() (script size, stack items), which Dash's bitcoin#24147 backport dropped, and moving |
thepastaclaw
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2 participants
Issue being fixed or feature implemented
Backports 1 Bitcoin Core v0.26 pull request(s) that the Dash queue selected, including any discovered prerequisites: bitcoin#24148.
What was done?
90ae2694b4Each commit keeps the upstream subject (
partial Merge …only where a hunk is deferred to a prerequisite still to be backported, named in the commit body; a hunk Dash intentionally never wants is recorded in the commit body or the reviewer's note above and does not make the backport partial). Conflicts were resolved commit by commit; commits that needed no resolution were cherry-picked unchanged.How Has This Been Tested?
Recorded per commit, at that commit's own sha, not once for the branch:
90ae2694b4— no passing CI record at this headGates that did not come back clean — please weigh these:
tests: warn — unrelated: The test never got to run any code from this backport. dashd exited during start-up because it could not bind its RPC port: the nmech: warn — 27 invented line(s); 4 partial/prereq/low-risk finding(s)Breaking Changes
None beyond the upstream changes themselves.
Checklist:
Left for the reviewer; backportsys does not tick boxes on its own behalf.
Maintainer controls
Tick a box and backportsys acts on it within a few minutes, then clears the box. For anything else — a hunk to drop, a resolution to redo, a question — just leave a review comment; nothing here needs a box.
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