querier: support series batching from Store Gateways

[SungJin1212]

Add -querier.store-gateway-series-batch-size flag to configure the maximum number of series to be batched in a single gRPC response message from Store Gateways.

Benchmark results

goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/storegateway
cpu: Apple M4 Max
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=1
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=1-14         	    3273	    315173 ns/op	  260090 B/op	    4560 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=10
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=10-14        	    4335	    265844 ns/op	  234986 B/op	    3017 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=100
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=100-14       	    4653	    255788 ns/op	  203221 B/op	    2768 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=1000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=1000-14      	    4700	    253746 ns/op	  210531 B/op	    2768 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=10000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100/batchSize=10000-14     	    4394	    265009 ns/op	  286143 B/op	    2769 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=1
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=1-14        	     656	   1782411 ns/op	 2282108 B/op	   41688 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=10
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=10-14       	     819	   1447217 ns/op	 2057748 B/op	   26274 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=100
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=100-14      	     886	   1326311 ns/op	 1763974 B/op	   23841 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=1000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=1000-14     	     832	   1423374 ns/op	 2280276 B/op	   23535 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=10000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_1000/batchSize=10000-14    	     825	   1429912 ns/op	 2378003 B/op	   23535 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=1
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=1-14       	      63	  18745491 ns/op	22518443 B/op	  423704 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=10
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=10-14      	      76	  15242607 ns/op	20108438 B/op	  268911 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=100
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=100-14     	      85	  13425516 ns/op	17205850 B/op	  244663 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=1000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=1000-14    	      93	  12481578 ns/op	20406169 B/op	  241365 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=10000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_10000/batchSize=10000-14   	      81	  14098264 ns/op	18610246 B/op	  240819 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=1
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=1-14      	       6	 187283375 ns/op	245824413 B/op	 4249119 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=10
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=10-14     	       7	 154968667 ns/op	220216622 B/op	 2685126 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=100
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=100-14    	       8	 135575479 ns/op	190494851 B/op	 2443041 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=1000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=1000-14   	       8	 125515792 ns/op	214022162 B/op	 2409687 allocs/op
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=10000
BenchmarkThanosBucketStores_SeriesBatch/series_100000/batchSize=10000-14  	       8	 128369026 ns/op	202337341 B/op	 2405048 allocs/op
PASS

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #7202

Checklist

• Tests updated
• Documentation added
• CHANGELOG.md updated - the order of entries should be [CHANGE], [FEATURE], [ENHANCEMENT], [BUGFIX]