fix(server): cap the chat snapshot cache with an LRU bound - #47
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KNOWN_ISSUES: the chat hot path's snapshot cache had no size cap. It
drops an entry when the store REPORTS the fleet gone and quarantines
one learned to be unusable, but neither is reached by a fleet that
simply stops being queried, so its last FleetSnapshot stayed pinned
for process lifetime, bounded only by the number of distinct fleets
ever served.
Cap it at 256 entries, least recently used first, pruning
fleetIdByReference and staleFleetIds with the entry so the companion
indexes do not outlive it. Map iteration order carries the recency:
serving an entry re-inserts it, which `set` on an existing key does
not do on its own.
"Used" includes the fail-open reads. During an outage those entries
are the only ones doing any work, so evicting one for a fleet that
happens to be queried later would end the very fail-open the cache
exists to provide.
Capacity eviction is deliberately NOT forgetFleet. That bumps the
fleet's forgotten generation, which is a store verdict ("gone",
"unusable") and suppresses an in-flight snapshot load that predates
it; a suppressed publish is a cache miss, and a miss right before an
outage is a lost fail-open. Capacity has learned nothing about the
fleet, so a load already in flight must still be allowed to publish.
This keeps the rule KNOWN_ISSUES asked for: eviction follows what the
store SAYS, or capacity, never a lookup that THREW.
The cap is not an environment variable. CONTRIBUTING asks for an issue
before a policy knob, and 256 is far above the scale this slice
targets, so `snapshotCacheMaxEntries` exists on AppConfig to make the
eviction testable rather than to be tuned in production. Happy to wire
HARU_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES and the README env table separately if
that is wanted.
Four cases in chat.test.ts, each mutation-checked against the
implementation rather than assumed load-bearing: disabling eviction
fails all four, dropping the cache-hit touch fails only the recency
case, dropping the fail-open touch fails only the outage case, and
swapping evictForCapacity for forgetFleet fails only the in-flight
case.
KNOWN_ISSUES keeps an entry, rewritten rather than deleted: the two
verdict-generation maps are still uncapped, and pruning them is
un-fencing rather than eviction (a counter reads as `?? 0`, so
deleting one lets a load that captured 0 publish past a forget that
had bumped it to 1). README gains the operator-facing limit in both
languages, since an evicted fleet answers 503 rather than stale during
an outage.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🔇 Additional comments (3)
WalkthroughThe chat snapshot cache now has a default 256-entry LRU limit. Cache reads and publications update recency, and capacity eviction removes related state. Tests cover eviction, fail-open access, and in-flight loads. Documentation records the limit and remaining generation-map issue. ChangesSnapshot cache capacity
Priority: ➖ Normal Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes Change: Bug fix Sequence Diagram(s)sequenceDiagram
participant ChatRequest
participant SnapshotCache
participant StateStore
ChatRequest->>SnapshotCache: Read fleet snapshot
SnapshotCache->>StateStore: Load on cache miss
StateStore-->>SnapshotCache: Return snapshot or failure
SnapshotCache->>SnapshotCache: Refresh LRU order and evict over-capacity entries
SnapshotCache-->>ChatRequest: Return snapshot or state_store_unavailable
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In `@services/haru-server/src/app.ts`:
- Around line 167-170: Update the snapshot cache capacity initialization around
snapshotCacheMaxEntries to handle non-finite configured values before applying
Math.max: use the configured value only when Number.isFinite returns true, clamp
finite values to at least one, and otherwise use
DEFAULT_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES. Add coverage for NaN, Infinity, and
fractional capacities, preserving fractional behavior.
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Keep routing changes centralized in `switchActive`; use its optional `requireRunningOperationId` guard and atomically set `operations.routingCommitted` when moving the active pointer.
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services/haru-server/src/chat.test.tsservices/haru-server/src/app.ts
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oxlint の型認識 lint を実行した後、型情報ベースの strict ESLint 10 を実行する。設定はパッケージごとではなくリポジトリルートに置き、例外には理由をコメントしたスコープ付きオーバーライドを優先する。 コード内のコメントは英語で記述する。
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services/haru-server/src/chat.test.tsservices/haru-server/src/app.ts
Run both root-configured linters, `oxlint --type-aware` followed by strict type-aware ESLint 10; add overrides at the repository root rather than per-package configs.
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Use `@haru/db/testing` and its committed migrations for database tests; do not add per-test migration calls.
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services/haru-server/src/chat.test.ts
Keep new I/O behind injectable boundaries so it can be tested without GPUs, cloud accounts, or a running database.
📄 CodeRabbit inference engine (CONTRIBUTING.md)
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services/haru-server/src/chat.test.tsservices/haru-server/src/app.ts
新しい I/O は注入可能な境界の背後に配置し、外部実行、fetch、子プロセス、タイマーなどをテストダブルに置き換えられるようにする。
📄 CodeRabbit inference engine (CONTRIBUTING.ja.md)
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Use kebab-case for file names.
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コードと文章ではエムダッシュ (U+2014) を使用せず、コロン、コンマ、括弧、またはスペース付きハイフンを使用する。
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README.mdKNOWN_ISSUES.mdREADME.ja.mdservices/haru-server/src/chat.test.tsservices/haru-server/src/app.tsKNOWN_ISSUES.ja.md
Use English code comments and prose, and avoid the em dash character U+2014.
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🪛 LanguageTool
KNOWN_ISSUES.md
[typographical] ~19-~19: The word ‘Where’ starts a question. Add a question mark (“?”) at the end of the sentence.
Context: ...tions, referenceVerdictGenerations). - Current: snapshotCacheandfleetId...
(WRB_QUESTION_MARK)
[style] ~31-~31: Consider using the typographical ellipsis character here instead.
Context: ...s un-fencing. A generation is read as get(...) ?? 0, so deleting a counter resets ...
(ELLIPSIS)
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All reported issues were addressed across 6 files
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Re-trigger cubic
Review found a real hole in the previous commit's central claim. It said capacity eviction cannot disturb a load already in flight, and that was only true of the eviction itself. It was not true of what the eviction leaves behind. `snapshotLoadFailed` reads "no entry currently cached" as a store verdict and quarantines the fleet. Before this feature, the only ways to reach that state were a cold cache and an earlier verdict, and quarantining was right in both. Capacity eviction added a third, so: 1. reload A is in flight for a fleet, entry present (TTL expiry), 2. another fleet publishes and evicts that entry for capacity, 3. reload B for the same fleet reads the pointer fine but its snapshot read fails transiently, sees no current entry, and calls `forgetFleet`, 4. A's SUCCESSFUL result is then discarded as a lost race, and a later outage answers 503 where it should have served stale. Track loads per fleet and skip an entry that is being read. If every entry has a reader, stay over the cap until they finish: the overshoot is bounded by in-flight concurrency, while evicting one of them costs a fail-open. The map is keyed by fleet id and the key is deleted when its last reader finishes, so it is bounded by concurrency, not by history. Also from review: - A non-finite `snapshotCacheMaxEntries` (NaN, Infinity) made the cap vacuous, since `size > NaN` and `size > Infinity` are both false, so nothing would ever be evicted. Fall back to the default unless the configured value is finite. Not covered by a test, and deliberately not claimed to be: telling "bounded at 256" from "unbounded" needs 257 seeded fleets. Removing the guard leaves every test green, which is stated rather than hidden. - The clamp to at least 1 IS observable and now has a case: a cap of 0 must behave as 1, not as a disabled cache. - `evictForCapacity` pruning `fleetIdByReference` and `staleFleetIds` is about bounded growth, not behaviour: `cachedFor` needs both the alias and a live entry, so a retained alias answers identically. The comment now says so, since no test distinguishes it from a plain `snapshotCache.delete` and the previous commit implied one did. - KNOWN_ISSUES.ja.md: stray space in a Japanese compound. Both new cases mutation-checked: ignoring the in-flight set fails only the race case, dropping the clamp fails only the cap-of-0 case. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The previous commit said the cache stays over the cap "until those readers finish". It did not: the only trim ran inside publishSnapshotEntry, so an overshoot survived until some later publish came along. A publish may never come, or may lose its race and return before reaching the trim, so the cache could sit above its cap indefinitely. The overshoot was still bounded by in-flight concurrency, but "bounded" is not what the comment claimed. Pull the loop out into evictOverflow and call it from endSnapshotLoad as well. A load finishing is the other event that can make an entry evictable, so the last reader to finish is what returns the cache to the cap, which is what the comment said all along. Also fixes a policy bug the review did not raise but the same loop had: the eviction candidate could be the entry just published, so under cap pressure with a reader on the older entry, a fresh publish was discarded to make room for itself. The just-published fleet is now exempt. Two cases, both mutation-checked. Removing the trim on load completion fails only the reclaim case; dropping the just-published exemption fails only the new self-eviction case. The reclaim case also pinned down which entry goes, and the answer is plain LRU rather than the one I first assumed: serving the frozen reload from the cache counts as use, so the OTHER fleet is the oldest by then. The test asserts the behaviour rather than my first guess at it. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The trim added in the previous commit ran with no exemption, so the entry whose reader had just finished was itself a candidate. On the failure path that entry has just been served stale and touched to most-recently-used, which means the trim could drop the NEWEST entry in order to keep an older one that merely happens to still have a reader. Backwards for an LRU, and it costs a fail-open: the next outage answers 503 for a fleet this process served from cache moments earlier. Pass the fleet through, the same way a publish exempts what it just published, and rename the parameter to `exemptFleetId` since it now means "the fleet this call must not evict" rather than "the one just published". The success path gets the same protection and needed it for a second reason: the publish is the very next statement, and an eviction here also drops `fleetIdByReference` entries that the publish does not fully restore (it re-learns the snapshot's slug, not the reference the caller used). Staying over the cap when the exempt entry is the only candidate is the same trade the rest of this code already makes, and it remains temporary: the next load to finish for a DIFFERENT fleet trims it. Mutation-checked: dropping the exemption fails only the new case. Reported by sentry (MEDIUM). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The case named "a capacity eviction does not suppress a snapshot load already in flight" was written before `loadsInFlight` existed, and its comments still said the other fleet's publish "evicts default for CAPACITY". It does not: since 9cd4168 a fleet with a load in flight is never a victim, so the sequence the name promises cannot happen any more. The assertions kept passing for a different reason than the one written next to them. Renamed and rewritten to describe what it actually pins down: nothing is evictable while the reload is frozen, finishing that read is what releases the pin and runs the trim, and the resumed load's result is published while the other fleet is the entry trimmed. Checking this turned up something worth stating rather than leaving implied. `evictForCapacity` not bumping the forgotten generation is no longer observable: swapping it for forgetFleet now keeps every test green, because a fleet with a load in flight is never a victim and `generationBeforeLoad` is captured in the same synchronous step that registers the load, so a capacity eviction has no in-flight load left to fence. The PR description claimed that mutation still failed, which was true when written and is not now. Keeping the split anyway, and the comment says why: it is the property the surrounding code reasons about, and the cost of getting it wrong is a silently lost fail-open rather than a visible failure. It is defence in depth behind loadsInFlight, which is a different claim from "proven by a test". Reported by sentry (LOW). The finding was about one comment; the comment was wrong because the test had outlived its purpose. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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The rewrite in 7c40a43 replaced one unobservable claim with another. It said finishing the read is what releases the pin and runs the trim, but on the SUCCESS path the publish follows immediately and its own `evictOverflow` takes the same entry, so removing the completion trim leaves this case green. Verified rather than reasoned about: with `evictOverflow` dropped from `endSnapshotLoad`, only the neighbouring "trims back to the cap when the last reader finishes" case fails, and that one isolates it precisely because its reload FAILS and nothing publishes afterwards. Renamed to what this case does pin down: a publish is allowed to take the cache over the cap while a reload is pinned, and the other fleet is gone once the resumed load lands. The comment now says which trim it can observe and points at the case that isolates the other one. Reported by cubic (P3). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Takes the
Chat snapshot cache has no size capentry from KNOWN_ISSUES.md, which CONTRIBUTING points at as work that is ready to be picked up.The cache drops an entry when the store reports the fleet gone and quarantines one learned to be unusable, but neither is reached by a fleet that simply stops being queried: its last
FleetSnapshotstayed pinned for process lifetime, bounded only by the number of distinct fleets ever served.The fix
A 256-entry LRU cap on
snapshotCache, pruningfleetIdByReferenceandstaleFleetIdswith the evicted entry so the companion indexes do not outlive it. That pruning is about bounded growth, not behaviour:cachedForneeds both the alias and a live entry, so a retained alias answers identically once the entry is gone. No test distinguishes it from a plainsnapshotCache.delete, and an earlier revision of this description implied one did.Mapiteration order carries the recency: serving an entry re-inserts it, sinceseton an existing key does not reorder on its own.Two decisions are load-bearing enough to call out, because both are the difference between a cap and a regression.
"Used" includes the fail-open reads. During an outage those entries are the only ones doing any work. Counting only healthy hits would let a fleet queried once mid-outage evict the entry that is actually carrying traffic, which ends the very fail-open the cache exists to provide.
Capacity eviction is deliberately not
forgetFleet.forgetFleetbumps the fleet's forgotten generation, which is a store verdict ("gone", "unusable") and suppresses an in-flight snapshot load that predates it. Per the comment onforgottenGenerations, a suppressed publish is a cache miss and a miss right before an outage is a lost fail-open. Capacity has learned nothing about the fleet, so a load already in flight must still publish, and the next request repopulates from a store that in this path is by definition answering. That keeps the rule KNOWN_ISSUES asked for: eviction follows what the store says, or capacity, never a lookup that threw.The cap is not an environment variable
CONTRIBUTING asks for an issue before a policy knob, and 256 is far above the scale the slice targets (fleets are few and long-lived), so
snapshotCacheMaxEntriesexists onAppConfigto make the eviction testable rather than to be tuned in production. It is the oneAppConfigfield with noHARU_*counterpart, which is why the JSDoc says so out loud.Say the word and I will wire
HARU_SNAPSHOT_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIESplus the README env table in a follow-up, or fold it in here.Tests, and the mutations that prove they bite
Four cases in
chat.test.ts. Each was checked against a deliberately broken implementation rather than assumed load-bearing, and each fails for exactly one reason:while (false && ...))evicts by recency, not by insertion orderfailscounts a fail-open read as usefailsforgetFleetinstead ofevictForCapacityThe last one is the interesting case: request A freezes inside its snapshot load (
gateSelect(2)), a second fleet publishes and pushes A's fleet out for capacity, then A resumes. WithforgetFleetin that path A's publish is discarded as a lost race and the fleet answers 503 during the next outage; withevictForCapacityit publishes and still fails open.KNOWN_ISSUES is rewritten, not deleted
The entry asked for the cap across four maps. Two are now capped;
forgottenGenerationsandreferenceVerdictGenerationsare not, so the entry stays with its scope narrowed to them and a reason:pruning a generation map is un-fencing, not eviction. A generation is read as
get(...) ?? 0, so deleting a counter resets it to 0, and the bad ordering is reachable: a load captures 0 for a fleet with no counter yet, a forget bumps it to 1, a prune deletes it, and the load compares 0 against 0 and publishes the entry the forget existed to bury. Safe pruning needs "no read predating this can still be in flight", which the code cannot observe today. The intended fix is sketched in the entry (a per-load token instead of a per-fleet counter, so forgetting a fleet forgets its fence with it).Both language mirrors updated.
README
One bullet in each language, since this is operator-facing: past 256 actively served fleets in one process, the coldest answer
503 state_store_unavailableduring an outage instead of going stale. That is a real behaviour change at a scale the design does not currently target, and it should not be discoverable only by readingapp.ts.Verification
Node 24.18.0, pnpm 11.10.0, macOS.
pnpm install --frozen-lockfilepnpm format:checkpnpm builddb:generateexit 0,git status --porcelain packages/db/drizzleemptypnpm typecheckpnpm lintFound 0 warnings and 0 errorsper packagepnpm test(checklane)@haru/server120 tests (was 111)test-postgreslane@haru/db45 and@haru/server120 against a realpostgres:17containercheck-no-em-dashequivalentThe Postgres lane was confirmed to have actually run rather than silently skipped: 1456 committed transactions in
pg_stat_databaseafterwards.The required checks here are
action_requiredas usual for a fork PR.Notes
main, which has not moved since9bf0062. No overlap with fix(db): give every query an abort budget #33, test(db): hold the viable-standby predicate's two copies in sync #34 or ci(dependabot): group the families that are only correct in lockstep #46: those touchpackages/dband.github/only.evictForCapacityprunesfleetIdByReferenceandstaleFleetIds(indistinguishable from the outside once the entry is gone, see above), and that a non-finitesnapshotCacheMaxEntriesfalls back to the default (telling "bounded at 256" from "unbounded" needs 257 seeded fleets, and removing the guard leaves every cap test green). Both are guarded by construction. Say so if you would rather have a seam for either.Second commit, from review
9cd4168fixes a hole reviewers found in the first commit's central claim. Capacity eviction not disturbing an in-flight load was true of the eviction itself but not of what it leaves behind:snapshotLoadFailedreads "no entry currently cached" as a store verdict, and capacity eviction created a third way to reach that state which does not deserve one. The sequence is reload A in flight, another fleet evicting A's entry for capacity, reload B failing its snapshot read and quarantining the fleet, and A's successful result then discarded as a lost race, so a later outage answers 503 instead of stale.Loads are now tracked per fleet and an entry being read is never the eviction victim; if every entry has a reader the cache stays over the cap until they finish, since the overshoot is bounded by in-flight concurrency while evicting one of them costs a fail-open. Two further fixes in the same commit: a non-finite cap made the bound vacuous (
size > NaNis false), and a cap of 0 now clamps to 1.Third commit, also from review
56168d7makes "until they finish" literally true. In9cd4168the only trim ran insidepublishSnapshotEntry, so an overshoot survived until some later publish arrived, and a publish may never arrive or may lose its race and return early. The loop is nowevictOverflow, called fromendSnapshotLoadas well, so the last reader to finish returns the cache to the cap.The same commit fixes a policy bug nobody raised: the eviction candidate could be the entry just published, so under cap pressure with a reader on the older entry, a fresh publish was evicted to make room for itself. The just-published fleet is now exempt.
Fourth commit, also from review
350b251closes the mirror of the bug above. The trim added in56168d7ran with no exemption, so the entry whose reader had just finished was itself a candidate. On the failure path that entry has just been served stale and touched to most-recently-used, so the trim could drop the newest entry to keep an older one that merely happens to still have a reader, costing a fail-open. The success path needed the same exemption for a second reason: the publish is the next statement, and an eviction there also dropsfleetIdByReferenceentries the publish does not fully restore.Fifth commit: a claim in this description had gone stale
7c40a43. TheforgetFleetrow of the mutation table above was true when written and is not now. OnceloadsInFlightlanded, a fleet with a load in flight is never an eviction victim, andgenerationBeforeLoadis captured in the same synchronous step that registers the load, so a capacity eviction has no in-flight load left to fence. SwappingevictForCapacityforforgetFleetkeeps every test green.The split stays, and the code comment now says why: it is the property the surrounding code reasons about, and the cost of getting it wrong is a silently lost fail-open rather than a visible failure. That is defence in depth behind
loadsInFlight, which is a weaker claim than "proven by a test", and it should read as the weaker one.The same commit rewrites the case that carried the old claim, and
250cf4bcorrects the rewrite: it had described a capacity eviction racing an in-flight load (impossible now), and my first replacement described the completion trim, which this case also cannot observe, because on the success path the publish follows immediately and its ownevictOverflowtakes the same entry. It is now named for what it does pin down, a publish being allowed over the cap while a reload is pinned.Nine cap cases total. Eight are mutation-checked and fail for exactly one reason each; the ninth is the one above, an end-to-end of the over-cap publish rather than a single-mutation probe, and its comment says so and points at the case that isolates the completion trim.
Summary by cubic
Caps the chat snapshot cache at 256 entries with an LRU bound, so a fleet that stops being queried no longer pins its last
FleetSnapshotfor process lifetime. Past 256 actively served fleets, the coldest one answers503 state_store_unavailableduring an outage instead of going stale; evicting a fleet also prunes its reference and stale-fleet index entries.forgetFleet, so eviction can't be misread as a store verdict; that split is defense-in-depth now that pinned entries are never candidates.AppConfigoption, not an environment variable; non-finite values fall back to the default, a 0 clamps to 1, andKNOWN_ISSUESnow scopes the remaining uncapped maps to the two verdict-generation maps.Written for commit 250cf4b. Summary will update on new commits.
Summary by CodeRabbit
New Features
503 state_store_unavailableinstead of stale routing.Documentation
Tests