Databricks: add Delta table version sensor (#74195)

[garvit-arora]

What this changes

Adds the first, standalone slice of #74195: DatabricksDeltaTableVersionSensor and its deferrable trigger. The sensor observes DESCRIBE HISTORY, enrolls a baseline or waits for an explicit target, emits version and table-identity provenance, and supports the provider's existing Unity Catalog asset URI.

This branch incorporates the public implementation foundation from #74225 with attribution in the commit, then addresses its latest blocking review findings:

• mode="reschedule" now requires baseline_version or target_version, so process-local enrollment cannot restart forever.
• Rendered target_version values are converted to integers before comparison.
• Recent history is scanned so OPTIMIZE, VACUUM START, and VACUUM END do not cause a data-change wakeup. The policy and scan depth are configurable.
• Documentation explains SQL warehouse polling cost, including that deferrable execution frees an Airflow worker but still runs warehouse queries.

The external producer/checkpointed delivery slice remains out of scope for this PR.

Validation

• python -m compileall completed for the changed sensor, trigger, and tests.
• git diff --check passed.
• The focused pytest command could not start in this Windows environment because the repository's all-extras development environment builds pykerberos, which requires unavailable gssapi/gssapi.h headers. No test failure was reached.

AI use

I used an AI coding assistant for implementation support and reviewed the resulting changes.