Retry transient SQLite I/O failures during connection startup

[PrzemyslawKlys]

Summary

• recognize SQLite busy, locked, and transient disk I/O failures through wrapped exception chains
• apply bounded retry while opening connections, setting busy timeout, and starting transactions
• include SQLite error details in retry telemetry

Validation

• the complete .NET 10 test suite passes: 1,227 tests
• synchronous and asynchronous retry classification and provider paths are covered

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 86.53846% with 14 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 53.34%. Comparing base (c218bfe) to head (e29a70b).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
DbaClientX.SQLite/SQLite.Transactions.cs	89.65%	6 Missing ⚠️
DbaClientX.SQLite/SqliteTransientRetry.cs	61.53%	3 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
DbaClientX.SQLite/SQLite.AsyncCommandExecution.cs	84.21%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #229      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   53.27%   53.34%   +0.06%     
==========================================
  Files         261      261              
  Lines       19740    19800      +60     
  Branches     3415     3418       +3     
==========================================
+ Hits        10517    10562      +45     
- Misses       8209     8222      +13     
- Partials     1014     1016       +2     

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