Add uv lockfile check and create dedicated lockfile check workflow

[coderabbitai]

Context

This issue tracks future work to:

1. Add a uv lockfile check
2. Move lockfile checks into a dedicated lockfile check workflow

This was suggested during review of PR #268.

References

• PR: feat(rust): Set up the Cargo workspace for Rust components: #268
• Comment: feat(rust): Set up the Cargo workspace for Rust components: #268 (comment)
• Requested by: @LinZhihao-723