HISTORY.md

# Rocksdb Change Log
> NOTE: Entries for next release do not go here. Follow instructions in `unreleased_history/README.txt`

## 11.14.0 (11/05/2026)
### New Features
* Added experimental `SetAsyncReadCPUTimeEnabled()`: the next async or coroutine read started on the thread records its CPU time in `PerfContext::get_cpu_nanos` at any perf level except `kDisable`, without turning on the other timers of `kEnableTimeAndCPUTimeExceptForMutex`.
* Added `SplitDB()`, `DeleteSplitRanges()`, and `MergeDB()` in `rocksdb/utilities/db_split_merge.h`, plus a `db_split_merge` command-line tool, for moving selected column-family key ranges into a new DB and copying ranges into existing column families.
* Added opt-in sampled logging of long-held DB-wide mutexes under `StatsLevel::kAll`, with a runtime-changeable `mutex_hold_log_threshold_us` DB option defaulting to 0 (disabled).
* Add experimental live tuning of a DB's options (`StartLiveTuneCycle()`, `GetLiveTuneStatus()`, `StopLiveTuneCycle()` in `include/rocksdb/live_tune.h`): one call runs a cycle that measures the DB, asks an application-provided `LiveTuneAdvisor` for option changes, applies them, and reverts them when they break the application's constraints or do not prove better.
* Added `CompactionFilter::GetMergeOrder()` and `CompactionFilterFactory::GetMergeOrder()` to optionally run the merge operator before the compaction filter during compaction, so that the filter sees merge results. The default behavior is unchanged.
* Parallel compression (`CompressionOptions::parallel_threads > 1`) now works with a `user_defined_index_factory` whose builders support it, including the built-in trie index. Previously a custom index always forced single-threaded compression.
* Added option `reject_too_old_file` to `IngestExternalFileOptions` and `ImportColumnFamilyOptions` to reject files whose data is already older than the column family's `periodic_compaction_seconds` (or `ttl` for FIFO compaction).
* Added BlobDB support for remote compaction. Blob garbage collection uses the
cutoff computed by the primary; workers receiving legacy input without a cutoff
safely disable blob garbage collection for that job. When the primary rejects a
remote blob result because its metadata, files, or capabilities fail validation,
it reruns the compaction locally, so `CompactRange` and `CompactFiles` succeed.
`CompactionService` `kFailure` semantics are unchanged; ZippyDB production also
maps service failures to local fallback through `HandleFailure(FALLBACK_LOCAL)`.
* `CompactRangeOptions::skip_missing_blob_files` enables offline repair that deletes values referencing integrated external blob files absent from Version metadata, preserves available wide entity columns, and rewrites selected SSTs locally, bypassing `DBOptions::compaction_service`. It defaults to false; FIFO compaction and legacy BlobDB are unsupported.
* Added `db_ownership_start_time` and `data_file_provenance` (decoded by `DataFileProvenance`) to `SstFileMetaData`, recording when the DB began holding each SST file and how it got the file (e.g. flush, compaction, ingestion, or import).
* Added `TableFactory::IsTableBuilderSupported()` and `ExternalTableFactory::IsTableBuilderSupported()` for table factories that only read ingested or imported files. A column family whose factory returns false must set `disallow_memtable_writes`, is never scheduled for automatic compaction, does not stall writes for L0 files or pending compaction bytes, and returns `NotSupported` from `CompactRange()` and `CompactFiles()` instead of failing a background compaction.
* trace_analyzer: new `--analyze_put_entity` flag analyzes PutEntity queries (previously their statistics were neither enabled nor disabled explicitly).
* Added `TraceOptions::include_read_write_options`: query traces can record the main `ReadOptions` and `WriteOptions` of each traced call (e.g. `fill_cache`, `disableWAL`), which replay then uses instead of default options.

### Public API Changes
* Added `GetEncodedEntrySize()` and an `EncodeEntry()` overload that writes internal keys into caller-owned buffers without allocating on success.
* Added `Env::Priority::READ` and `ThreadStatus::READ_PRIORITY` for a dedicated Env-managed read-work thread pool. `Env::Priority::USER` remains reserved for internal statistics and is not backed by a thread pool.
* Added experimental `MultiScanArgs::use_parallel_async_io_block_decompression` for materializing asynchronously prefetched data blocks, including decompression, in parallel on the `Env::Priority::READ` thread pool. A zero-sized pool preserves inline materialization.
* Added the experimental `IndexFactory` interface (`include/rocksdb/index_factory.h`) for pluggable SST indexes; the `UserDefinedIndex*` names remain as aliases. `BlockBasedTableOptions::index_mode` chooses which indexes an SST is built with and which one reads use by default, superseding the now-deprecated `use_udi_as_primary_index` and `fail_if_no_udi_on_open`. `ReadOptions::read_index` overrides that choice per read, and the `standard_index_is_stub` table property marks SSTs built with `kCustomOnly`. Both options are also available in the C API.
* Added experimental `DB::GetEntityWithMetadata()` and `DB::MultiGetEntityWithMetadata()`, the wide-column entity counterparts of `DB::GetWithMetadata()` and `DB::MultiGetWithMetadata()` with opt-in explicit-snapshot newer-version detection. Requesting key timestamps returns `NotSupported`.
* Removed support for building on Solaris, which had not compiled since 5.18. Removed RocksJava `Environment.isSolaris()`.

### Behavior Changes
* With `ReadOptions::async_io`, `MultiGet` now reads data blocks of direct-IO files with asynchronous reads (`FSRandomAccessFile::ReadAsync`) instead of a synchronous `MultiRead`. Each block read is aligned separately rather than merged with adjacent reads. The bytes read are still charged to `DBOptions::rate_limiter` at `ReadOptions::rate_limiter_priority`.
* Asynchronous file reads (`FSRandomAccessFile::ReadAsync`, used with `ReadOptions::async_io` by `MultiGet` and iterator prefetching) are now charged to `DBOptions::rate_limiter` at `ReadOptions::rate_limiter_priority`, like synchronous reads. A read is charged once the file system accepts it.
* `CreateColumnFamily()` and `CreateColumnFamilies()` now run the table factory option validation that `DB::Open()` runs, so they return `InvalidArgument` instead of creating a column family that the next `DB::Open()` would reject. External table factories wrapped by `NewExternalTableFactory()` now receive `ValidateOptions()` calls.
* With `CompactionOptionsFIFO::allow_trivial_copy_when_change_temperature`, each file copied for a temperature change is now reported to `EventListener::OnTableFileCreationStarted()` and `OnTableFileCreated()` (with the original file's table properties) and included in `CompactionJobInfo::table_properties`.
* `DB::GetMergeOperands()` now resets only the `merge_operands` entries it fills, instead of all `expected_max_number_of_operands` entries. Entries past `*number_of_operands`, and the whole array on a non-OK result, are left as the caller passed them.
* The JSON written to the info LOG by `EventLogger` (`EVENT_LOG_v1` lines) and by `VersionEdit::DebugJSON()` now escapes special characters in keys and string values, and writes non-finite floating-point values as `null`, so the output is always valid JSON.
* Improved how `periodic_compaction_phase_recovery_percent` spreads catch-up periodic compactions after it is enabled or changed (or the DB is reopened). This reduces a transient burst in periodic compactions when many DBs make such a change at once.
* The new DB option `use_separate_remote_compaction_pool` defaults to false and can be changed through `SetDBOptions()` for newly scheduled jobs. When enabled with CompactionService, remote jobs use a dedicated pool and each local subcompaction uses LOW/BOTTOM and counts against the DB compaction limit. Existing jobs finish using their original scheduling model.
* `DB::SetOptions()` now returns OK without writing a new OPTIONS file or installing a new SuperVersion when the call changes no option value, as `DB::SetDBOptions()` already does. Calls that set an object option, such as `table_factory` or one of its fields, are still applied in full. After a failed OPTIONS file write, the next `SetOptions()` or `SetDBOptions()` call writes the file even if no option value changes.
* Custom index factories are rejected with user-defined timestamps in every index mode except `kStandardOnly`, which ignores the factory. Custom-index block-cache hits, misses, and adds now contribute to `BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_*` instead of `BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_*`.
Trie index construction returns `NotSupported` when a data-block offset or size exceeds `UINT32_MAX`, including when the trie is optional in `kStandardDefault`. Flush, compaction, and `SstFileWriter::Finish()` can therefore fail for such output; an SST larger than 4 GiB is not itself the rejection condition. File-size targets do not split L0 outputs or `SstFileWriter` outputs. Bound those outputs or disable trie construction with `kStandardOnly`.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a race where `IngestExternalFiles()` with `atomic_replace_range` could delete an existing SST file that a concurrently picked compaction (e.g. a universal compaction outputting to L0) used as input, causing the compaction to fail with "Corruption: VersionBuilder: Cannot delete table file ... since it is not in the LSM tree" and putting the DB into read-only mode. Atomic range replacement now returns `NotSupported` with FIFO compaction.
* Fixed blob direct write when sealing a blob file fails during a flush or a write: the flush left its memtables marked as being flushed, so no later flush picked them up and error recovery waited for them forever, and the blob file was dropped from tracking, so a retried flush could install table files whose blob file was never added to the MANIFEST.
* Fixed blob direct write with more than one concurrent flush of a column family: a later flush sealed and published the blob files of the oldest pending memtable instead of its own, so flushes failed with `Corruption: VersionBuilder: Blob file #N already added` and the database stopped.
* Fixed blob direct write when the `SstFileManager` space limit is reached while a blob file is sealed: the sealed blob file was deleted while memtables still referenced it, so reads of its values failed and the values were lost, and reporting the error could deadlock with a concurrent memtable switch. The seal and the write or flush now succeed and keep the file, and writes then stop with a `SpaceLimit` background error, so for blob direct write the limit is soft: usage can exceed it by up to about `blob_file_size` × `blob_direct_write_partitions` for each memtable not flushed yet. Also fixed a write batch that failed after writing some of its values to blob files: those blobs are now counted as garbage, so their blob file can still be deleted.
* Values that retain external blob references now keep their original timestamps during history compaction, preventing blob key verification failures.
* Fixed `DB::ClipColumnFamily()` leaving an empty-string key outside the kept range when it is the only key in an L0 SST file.
* Fixed `format_version=8` with `ReverseBytewiseComparator`: a block's stored common key prefix could extend past a user key (one following longer user keys that extend it), so reads and iteration could miss that key (or its deletion, exposing an older value), and compactions could fail with `Corruption`. Files written by affected versions (11.10 through 11.13) are now read correctly, and new files no longer have this problem.
* Fixed SST file times that could defer periodic compaction and TTL. Files written by `SstFileWriter`, flushed during WAL recovery, or recovered by `RepairDB` now record a file creation time. Files added by `IngestExternalFile()` or `CreateColumnFamilyWithImport()` now keep the creation and oldest ancestor times from the file or export metadata (capped at the current time) instead of taking the time they were added, so ingesting or importing old data can make it due for periodic compaction or TTL soon afterward. FIFO TTL compaction now also deletes ingested `SstFileWriter` files, which previously blocked TTL deletion of themselves and all newer files. Files copied by FIFO compaction for a temperature change now keep the original file's creation time.
* Fixed a debug-build assertion failure and incorrect cache charge and block-cache byte statistics in release builds when a full, strict-capacity LRU cache with metadata charging creates an uncharged standalone handle, including during secondary-cache promotion.
* Fixed atomic flushes of all column families when another column family is dropped while they wait: `CompactRange()` no longer fails with a "Column family dropped" error, and `WaitForCompact()` and DB close no longer return OK without flushing the remaining column families.
* Fixed a bug where MemPurge returned with the DB mutex unlocked when the compaction filter created for flush did not ignore snapshots.
* Fixed a crash in MultiScan `Iterator::Prepare()` with a single scan range without a limit when the DB has L0 files, and an assertion failure in debug builds when `Prepare()` is called on an already-positioned iterator. `Prepare()` now leaves the iterator invalid until it is positioned again (e.g. by `Seek()`).
* Fixed `MultiGet` returning NotFound for existing keys that are outside the prefix extractor's domain, with partitioned filters, `whole_key_filtering=false`, and filter partitions cut together with index partitions (`decouple_partitioned_filters=false`, also the layout of files written by older versions). A filter partition holding only such keys is empty, and `MultiGet` treated every key mapped to it as absent. `Get` was not affected.
* Fixed prepared external file ingestions retaining unrelated obsolete SSTs until commit or abort. Prepared ingestions now protect only their staged files from deletion.
* Fixed data loss with `min_tombstones_for_range_conversion` and external file ingestion. An iterator whose view predated the ingestion could convert the deleted keys around the ingested keys into a range tombstone that deleted them. This happened when the file got no new sequence number (sequence number zero, `ingest_behind`, or `allow_db_generated_files`), and when an iterator was created during the ingestion.
* Fixed a data loss bug where an iterator with `ReadOptions::read_tier = kMemtableTier` could, with `min_tombstones_for_range_conversion` enabled, insert a range tombstone that deleted live keys stored only in SST files. Read-path range tombstone conversion now runs only for iterators with `read_tier = kReadAllTier`.
* Fixed a race with `recycle_log_file_num > 0` where an obsolete WAL could be reused for a new WAL while its old writer was still open. Closing the old writer then truncated the reused file to the old WAL's size, so writes in the new WAL past that point, including acknowledged `sync` writes, were lost on the next reopen.
* Fixed remote compaction ignoring `preclude_last_level_data_seconds` and `preserve_internal_time_seconds`, which caused recent data to be written to the last level and recent sequence numbers to be zeroed. Takes effect once both the primary and the compaction worker are upgraded.
* Fixed `DB::OpenAndCompact()` with `OpenAndCompactOptions::allow_resumption` not calling `EventListener::OnSubcompactionCompleted()` when the compaction fails to resume from its saved progress.
* Fixed MANIFEST catch-up on secondary instances (`TryCatchUpWithPrimary()`) and follower instances installing a column family with no files and still returning OK. This happened when catch-up switched to a new MANIFEST and the primary deleted a file that MANIFEST lists before catch-up checked it, recording the deletion in a newer MANIFEST. Catch-up now keeps the column family's previous view until a complete state from the new MANIFEST is available.
* Custom index blocks now reuse cached contents on SST reopen, and deprecated UDI boolean options can be cleared without overriding an explicitly configured index mode.
Legacy UDI options copied from a factory can now be cleared before constructing a new factory without retaining the derived mode. The C API preserves both that rollback behavior and explicitly selected modes. OPTIONS files serialize equivalent legacy booleans for `kStandardDefault`, `kStandardRequired`, and `kCustomDefault` so older readers retain routing.
Empty custom-index output retains the standard-index fallback in modes that write both indexes; custom-only output must remain nonempty. Default primary reads retain the table factory's precedence over a legacy per-read factory pointer, while explicit custom selectors still check its name.
* Preserve legacy UDI routing when loading old OPTIONS files, and reject invalid index modes in standalone SST readers and writers. Table readers now charge the custom index blocks they own; a custom reader whose `ApproximateMemoryUsage()` already includes that block should override `IndexFactoryReader::MemoryUsageIncludesIndexBlock()` to return true so the block is not charged twice.
Keep cached custom-index Slice views intact when a reader consumes its input. Register custom-index cache helpers without requiring a later change. Trie index size estimates now account for shared prefixes, preventing premature compaction file cuts, and reject data-block offsets or sizes exceeding the 32-bit on-disk limit instead of truncating them.

### Performance Improvements
* With `ReadOptions::pin_data`, iterators over read-only DBs opened with `max_open_files = -1` and `allow_mmap_reads = true` no longer accumulate memory as they move across SST files.
* On a read-write primary, `DB::GetSnapshot()` and `DB::ReleaseSnapshot()` no longer acquire the DB mutex in the common case. Secondary and follower snapshot creation retains the DB mutex needed to synchronize with view installation, while release remains sharded. The snapshot list is now split into 16 per-CPU shards, each with its own lock, so primary threads creating and releasing snapshots no longer serialize on one lock or wait behind flush, compaction, or other work holding the DB mutex. Snapshot-release maintenance is deferred to existing flush, compaction, and periodic maintenance paths. Primary snapshot creation serializes with the DB-mutex-held phases of external file ingestion but can proceed while the MANIFEST write temporarily releases that mutex.


## 11.13.0 (10/21/2026)
### New Features
* Added `FileSystem::IsPreallocationSupported()`. A `FileSystem` that never preallocates file space can return false so that DB open skips reopening and truncating the last WAL file.

### Public API Changes
* Added the experimental `DBOptions::track_options_file_number_in_manifest`
rollout option (with C and Java bindings). The option is persisted in each
OPTIONS file. When enabled, RocksDB durably creates an OPTIONS file and then
commits its file number in MANIFEST. Column-family create/drop commits the
configuration snapshot and membership in one MANIFEST record. A newer tracked
OPTIONS file without a commit is ignored after a crash, while a newer OPTIONS
file written with tracking disabled retains the legacy highest-numbered-file
behavior. Batched column-family changes publish one snapshot; after partial
success it can be a safe superset that persisted-options APIs filter against
live MANIFEST membership. Ordinary `DB::Open` continues to use caller-supplied
options and does not depend on the operational snapshot.
* Added `EncodeEntry()`, `PackSequenceAndType()`, and `UnPackSequenceAndType()` in `rocksdb/utilities/types_util.h` to construct internal keys and pack or unpack their sequence numbers and entry types. `kInternalKeyFooterSize` exposes the footer size in bytes.
* Added `ldb update_manifest --rebind_options_file --options_file=OPTIONS-<number>` for offline repair of a committed MANIFEST OPTIONS file number. Operators must select a trusted snapshot that has MANIFEST tracking enabled and provide any external DB/CF allocation roots that are not serialized in OPTIONS.

### Behavior Changes
* With `max_bgerror_resume_count <= 0` (auto resume disabled), a retryable or file-scoped IO error during compaction or flush is now a hard background error that stops writes until `DB::Resume()` is called. Previously, compaction errors were silently retried, and flush errors with a healthy WAL were soft errors that let writes continue while flushes were stopped.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed two more `SstFileManager` trash accounting leaks: retrying a failed trash deletion immediately (for example with rate limiting disabled) after the file had disappeared, and a trash file that was deleted but whose directory sync then failed. In both cases the file's size stayed in the total trash size and tracked size until restart.
* Fixed `SstFileManager` trash accounting leaking the size of a queued trash file that disappeared before deletion (for example because its directory was renamed). The leaked bytes stayed in the total trash size until restart, which could push every later deletion past `max_trash_db_ratio` and make it immediate instead of rate limited.
* Fixed `MultiGet` with `ReadOptions::async_io` returning `NotSupported` when io_uring initialization or an asynchronous read submission fails. It now checks async I/O support on the reading thread and falls back to synchronous reads when needed.
* Fixed subset checkpoints so their newest OPTIONS file lists only the column
families retained by the checkpoint. This applies with both legacy
highest-numbered OPTIONS selection and MANIFEST-tracked OPTIONS selection, and
prevents `LoadLatestOptions` from recreating column families that the subset
checkpoint intentionally dropped from its copied MANIFEST.

### Performance Improvements
* Perf context counters and timers no longer call the thread-local init function of `perf_context` on every update. With `kEnableCount`, a counter update costs about 60% less.


## 11.12.0 (10/07/2026)
### New Features
* Added `FullExternalTableFactory` and related full-mode external table APIs that preserve RocksDB internal keys, enabling external tables to support nonzero sequence numbers, point and single deletions, merge operands, blob indexes, wide-column entities, snapshots, live DB writes, and multi-level compactions.

### Public API Changes
* Added experimental coroutine capability interfaces for basic and full `ExternalTableReader` implementations. Coroutine-capable external readers can initiate file reads through `FSRandomAccessFile::SubmitReadAsync()`.
* `ExternalTableFactory::NewTableReader()` now receives an already-opened `FSRandomAccessFile` and its file size instead of requiring implementations to reopen `file_path`. The supplied file preserves RocksDB's direct-I/O alignment handling, rate limiting, read statistics and listener notifications, prefetching, and synchronous, asynchronous, and batched reads.
* Added `PutRangeDeletionBlock()`, `GetRangeDeletionBlock()`, and `IsDeleteRangeSupported()` to the external table interfaces so formats can opt in to range deletions using RocksDB's raw range-deletion metadata block.
* Opaque `PreparedFileInfo` metadata can now be serialized to a checksummed representation with `SerializePreparedFileInfo()` and restored with `DeserializePreparedFileInfo()` for reuse across processes.
* Removed the deprecated `IngestExternalFileOptions::write_global_seqno` option and its C, Java, and `ldb` APIs, `TableProperties::external_sst_file_global_seqno_offset`, and the `file_offset` output from `ExternalTableReader::GetPropertiesBlock()`. Existing external SST files whose global sequence number was rewritten without updating the properties-block checksum remain readable.
* `TablePropertiesNames` has no apparent use in the public API so has been deprecated there.
* `TableProperties::creation_time` is renamed to `oldest_ancestor_time`, which better describes its meaning, along with `TablePropertiesNames::kCreationTime` to `kOldestAncestorTime`. The misspelled `SstFileMetaData::oldest_ancester_time` is renamed to `oldest_ancestor_time`. The old names remain available as deprecated aliases and will be removed in a future release.
* Added `WriteBufferFlushPolicy` and `WriteBufferManager` policy selection for flushing the oldest or largest column family, including configurable batched flushing of the largest column families across DBs sharing a manager, with C and Java bindings.

### Behavior Changes
* When `ExternalTableBuilderBase::PutPropertiesBlock()` returns `NotSupported`, RocksDB now overrides `num_entries`, `raw_key_size`, and `raw_value_size` from `ExternalTableBuilderBase::GetTableProperties()` with the logical totals tracked by the external-table adapter. Format-specific properties such as `data_size` remain unchanged.
* The `FSWritableFile` passed to `ExternalTableFactory::NewTableBuilder()` now reports logical file size including RocksDB-buffered data and exposes the underlying file's direct-I/O mode and required buffer alignment.
* `Iterator::Refresh()` now returns `NotSupported` on iterators from a secondary DB's `DB::NewIterators()` only, because those iterators are pinned to one cross-column-family read view. Iterators from `DB::NewIterator()` are unaffected; to advance a batch, call `DB::NewIterators()` again after `TryCatchUpWithPrimary()`.
* `SstFileReader` now reports standard SST read statistics and file I/O listener notifications, and honors the configured read rate limiter.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed full recovery from retryable background errors to atomically advance WAL replay boundaries for all column families, preventing partial recovery of multi-column-family write batches after a failed recovery flush.
* Fixed RocksDB builds on big-endian architectures such as s390x by disabling the optional persistent fault-injection log, whose binary format is little-endian-only.
* Fixed `DB::ClipColumnFamily()` deleting a non-L0 SST file whose largest key equals `begin_key`, which lost keys at the start of the kept range.
* Fixed swapped `oldest_key_time` and `newest_key_time` values in the `table_file_creation` event log entry.
* Fixed `ExternalTableReader::VerifyChecksum()` results not being honored by the external table adapter.
* Fixed a bug in manifest handling that could lead to a hang or memory corruption in the case of LSM sanity checks being fatally violated (exceptional; see `force_consistency_checks`).
* Fixed `MultiGet()` with `ReadOptions::read_tier == kBlockCacheTier` reading data blocks from disk when `allow_mmap_reads` is false. Keys whose data block is not in the block cache now return `Status::Incomplete()`, the same as `Get()`.
* Fixed trace replay (`DB::NewDefaultReplayer()`, db_bench `replay`) failing every read record (Get, MultiGet, iterator seek) on the default column family with `Corruption: Invalid Column Family ID` when the default column family handle was not passed, which is always the case in db_bench with `--num_column_families=1`.
* Fixed multi-threaded `Replayer::Replay()` ignoring errors from executing trace records and returning OK. It now stops and returns the error, including `Status::NotSupported()` from executing a record, as single-threaded replay does.
* Fixed secondary DB `NewIterators()` returning iterators from different database states or blocking for `TryCatchUpWithPrimary()` by serving the last completed catch-up view.

### Performance Improvements
* Single Get coroutine reads using non-mmap, non-direct I/O on a `kFSBuffer`-capable `FileSystem` now use `FSRandomAccessFile::SubmitReadAsync()` instead of falling back to synchronous `Read()`. When rate-limited, these reads acquire their full token budget before submission to preserve a single filesystem-owned buffer, which can make physical I/O burstier than reads using caller-provided buffers.


## 11.11.0 (09/21/2026)
### New Features
* External tables now support DB-assigned global sequence numbers when `IngestExternalFileOptions::allow_global_seqno` is enabled, allowing overlapping external tables to be ingested across multiple levels when compactions are disabled. This includes the deprecated `write_global_seqno` path when the reader supplies the properties block's file offset.
* Added checksum handoff support for SST file writes when `BlockBasedTableOptions::checksum` is `kCRC32c`, allowing block and trailer CRC32C checksums to be passed from the table builder to the file writer for buffered-data validation and filesystem in-flight write protection.
* Enhanced `sst_dump --command=recompress` to be more powerful for benchmarking, including through automation with a new `--json` option for machine-readable output.

### Public API Changes
* Changed the experimental async read statistics API by removing `DB::AsyncCallback::EnableStats()` and changing `OnComplete(const PerfContext*, const IOStatsContext*)` to `OnComplete()`. Callers must configure TLS statistics before each async or coroutine read. `DB::GetAsync()` and `DB::MultiGetAsync()` callbacks must copy per-operation statistics from TLS during `OnComplete()`; coroutine users must copy them from inside a `CoroStackableDB` hook before suspending again. Each operation leaves TLS statistics collection disabled.
* Added `Compressor::MaybeOverrideCompressionOptions()` (EXPERIMENTAL), an omnibus hook letting a custom compressor adjust the subset of `CompressionOptions` that the SST builder applies rather than the compressor itself: `parallel_threads`, `max_compressed_bytes_per_kb`, `auto_skip`, and `auto_skip_min_sample_every` (and potentially more in the future). This deprecates `Compressor::GetRecommendedParallelThreads()`, which it subsumes; the default implementation still honors an overridden `GetRecommendedParallelThreads()` for compatibility.
* Added experimental `CoroDB::CoGet()` and `CoroDB::CoMultiGet()` overloads for point reads from an `SstFileReader`.
* Added experimental `DB::GetWithMetadata()` and `DB::MultiGetWithMetadata()` APIs with opt-in output metadata for key timestamps and explicit-snapshot newer-version detection.
* Added a `DB::NewIterators()` overload that accepts parallel vectors of `ReadOptions` and column family handles, allowing each returned iterator to use independent read settings while sharing a consistent database state. The vectors must have the same size, all snapshots must be null or identical, and all `tailing` settings must match.
* Added `ReadOptions::custom_context`, an opaque, non-owning pointer passed through table reads so external table implementations can consume application-defined read options.

### Behavior Changes
* `ExternalTableReader::MultiGet()` is now used by RocksDB's `DB::MultiGet()` path. Previously, the external table adapter used `TableReader`'s fallback, which called `ExternalTableReader::Get()` separately for each key.
* `DB::OpenAndCompact()` now requires `output_directory` to be a simple name for a new subdirectory when the new `use_session_tmp_dir_for_remote_compaction` DB option is enabled. The option places that subdirectory under the canonical `<dbname>/session_tmp/` root, and `DB::Open()` deletes stale contents under the root after recovery. The disabled default preserves the existing `<dbname>/<output_directory>` layout without automatic cleanup. Previously, remote-compaction output directories were created directly under `<dbname>`, which made it challenging to safely identify and delete obsolete files.
* Several block-based SST table properties now better support compression benchmarking and optimization: `uncompressed_data_size` is now persisted in the file (previously it was computed only at write time and read back as 0); a new `lsm_info_at_creation` property records the LSM level and "bottommost" status at the file's creation, distinguishing "not applicable" (e.g. SstFileWriter files) from "unknown" (older files); and the `compression_options` property now records the full compression manager configuration instead of only its name.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a usually-minor performance bug where `Cache::ApplyToAllEntries()` used single-entry batches instead of the intended 256-entry default for `ApplyToAllEntriesOptions::average_entries_per_lock`. All of the Cache implementations (LRU and HCC) benefit from the fix, but the disfavored LRU cache was especially impacted by repeated mutex acquisition and release.
* Fixed stats-disabled coroutine and asynchronous reads inheriting enabled TLS statistics state when interleaved with stats-enabled reads on the same executor. Each read now uses its captured per-call configuration, while enabled request counters remain isolated across suspensions.
* Fixed a bug where a remote compaction (`CompactionService` / `DB::OpenAndCompact`) requested with `OpenAndCompactOptions::allow_resumption=true` but for which resumption was internally disabled (incompatible with `paranoid_file_checks` or output-iteration verification) could fail a retried attempt, because the output directory was not cleaned before starting fresh and output files left by a previously interrupted attempt collided with the reused file numbers.
* Fixed a bug where a remote compaction (`CompactionService` / `DB::OpenAndCompact`) could fail when the primary rotated its MANIFEST while the worker was opening the primary's directory read-only. The open reads `CURRENT`, and the primary publishes a new MANIFEST by renaming a freshly written `CURRENT` over the old one; on file systems without POSIX read-after-unlink semantics (remote/object stores) the replaced object is then reported as gone (`PathNotFound`/`NotFound`, or `TryAgain` for the MANIFEST equivalent) instead of remaining readable. `DB::OpenAndCompact()` now retries the secondary open a bounded, configurable number of times for those transient statuses, so a concurrent rotation no longer fails the compaction (which, for a `CompactionService` that does not fall back to a local compaction, became a background error on the primary).
* Fixed secondary DB `NewIterators()` returning iterators from different database states when `TryCatchUpWithPrimary()` runs concurrently.
* Fixed a bug where a `SeekToFirst()` on an iterator previously used for a `Seek()` could end the scan early and silently omit keys with `ReadOptions::async_io`, or otherwise run with readahead effectively disabled. Affects scans using `ReadOptions::prefix_same_as_start` together with `ReadOptions::auto_readahead_size` (enabled by default); memory-mapped reads are unaffected.

### Performance Improvements
* `DB::MultiGetEntityLazy()` now reads all keys of a batch under a single shared per-column-family SuperVersion pin, and a single `LazyWideColumnsBatch::MultiResolve()` coalesces the resulting blob reads across keys: one read per blob file (and one per SST for embedded blobs), for whole-column and byte-range reads alike, instead of reading each key's blobs separately.


## 11.10.0 (08/28/2026)
### New Features
* Added `BlockBasedTableOptions::optimize_key_common_prefix` as part of new `format_version=8`. When enabled, each data block and index block stores the common user-key prefix of its keys once instead of at every restart point, reducing block size and block-cache footprint for prefix-heavy data and speeding up Seek for bytewise-ordered keys.
* A new experimental feature spreads out periodic (time-based) compaction trigger times across a fleet of similarly-configured DBs to avoid recurring "thundering herd" triggers, especially with remote compaction. See the new experimental DB option `periodic_compaction_phase_recovery_percent`.

### Public API Changes
* `IngestExternalFileArg::atomic_replace_range` now supports a range that only partially overlaps existing files, instead of failing. Requires universal compaction and a table factory that supports range deletion; other configurations still fail on partial overlap. The range is also now specified as half-open (`start` inclusive, `limit` exclusive), resolving a previously documented ambiguity in the upper bound.
* Added an immutable `external_table_config` option that is persisted in OPTIONS files and passed to external table factories during bootstrap.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a liveness bug where RocksDB could remain indefinitely in recovery from a soft background error when concurrent writes continuously generated normal flush requests.
* Fixed a race in online error recovery where a concurrent higher-severity I/O error could leave a stale retry-flush plan active, prevent the required WAL switch, and create duplicate internal WAL history detected on DB reopen.
* Fix "bottommost files" infinite compaction loops (`kBottommostFiles`). This happens with the unsupported combination of leveled compaction and `preserve_internal_time_seconds` / `preclude_last_level_data_seconds`, and in an edge case with user-defined timestamps when `full_history_ts_low` is unset. The underlying logic is now more unified to reduce risk of a similar divergence in logic in the future.
* Fixed `reuse_manifest_on_open` to create a fresh MANIFEST instead of appending after recovery sees an incomplete atomic group at the MANIFEST tail.
* Starting remote compaction (`CompactionService` / `DB::OpenAndCompact`) is now more efficient and more reliable, by avoiding unnecessary file operations (latency) while using more accurate consistency / precondition checks, both avoiding some spurious failures and rejecting more legitimate inconsistencies. New DBOption `remote_compaction_manifest_floor` can be disabled in case of unexpected problems with the change.
* Fixed unbounded retention of recovered transaction state by a long-lived secondary opened with `allow_2pc`.
* Fixed stale reads on secondary instances, where entries replayed from a WAL that the primary had already flushed could shadow the newer values in the flushed files indefinitely. Also fixed a case where a secondary could stop returning such a key altogether while the primary's flushed file holding it was unreadable.
* Fixed subset checkpoints to discard tolerated MANIFEST tail corruption before appending column-family drop records.

### Performance Improvements
* Improved compaction CPU efficiency for column families using an `SstPartitioner` (such as the built-in `SstPartitionerFixedPrefix`): when the partitioner can express its next boundary as a key prefix via the new `SstPartitioner::ShouldPartitionByPrefix()` API, compaction now checks that cached prefix inline instead of copying every user key and making a virtual `ShouldPartition()` call for each key-value written to an SST.

## 11.9.0 (08/14/2026)
### New Features
* Added an integrated and improved compression auto-skip feature (new CompressionOptions, still experimental) that saves CPU by skipping compression when and where the overall ratio is inadequate. This improves on the previous auto-skip compression manager by (a) taking achieved compression ratios into account, (b) using a continuously evolving payoff estimate, and (c) combining natively with parallel compression.
* Added the `blob_file_writable_file_max_buffer_size` mutable column family option. When set to a non-zero value, blob-file writers use it as their `WritableFileWriter` max buffer size instead of inheriting `DBOptions::writable_file_max_buffer_size`.
* Added an experimental lazy wide-column read API, `DB::GetEntityLazy()` / `DB::MultiGetEntityLazy()` (see `include/rocksdb/lazy_wide_columns.h`). The returned `LazyWideColumns` leaves blob-backed columns as unresolved references and, like an iterator, stays valid after the call returns, so the caller resolves only the columns -- and only the byte ranges -- it needs; a byte-range read of an uncompressed blob (separate-file or embedded) reads just those bytes from storage. Adds `Env::IOActivity::kLazyResolve` and `rocksdb.blobdb.lazy.*` statistics. Requires `max_open_files == -1`.
* Added DB property `rocksdb.num-running-remote-compactions`, reporting the number of compaction service jobs currently waiting in `CompactionService::Wait()`.
* Added DB property `rocksdb.num-unscheduled-compactions`, reporting compactions waiting in the DB's internal compaction queue but not yet assigned to a background job.
* Added `DB::AbortCompactions()` and `DB::ResumeCompactions()` for per-column-family compaction abort and resume, with the same active-abort semantics as the DB-wide `AbortAllCompactions()`/`ResumeAllCompactions()` but scoped to a single column family. Calls are reference-counted independently per column family and compose with the DB-wide abort.

### Public API Changes
* Add IndexFactory compatibility names for the existing user-defined index API.
* Added the experimental `CoroDB` capability, exposed by `DB::GetCoroDB()`, with lazy native coroutine variants of `Get` and `MultiGet`. The existing `DB::GetAsync()` and `DB::MultiGetAsync()` APIs dispatch through it.
* Added `rocksdb_batched_multi_get_pinned_cf()` to return batch-owned pinned MultiGet values and per-key errors without allocating one wrapper per found value.
* Add `DBOptions::read_io_executor_threads` to increase the maximum thread count of the shared filesystem read I/O executor used for asynchronous reads when opening a DB. Opening a DB never reduces the shared executor thread count. Change the experimental `FSRandomAccessFile::SubmitReadAsync()` API to return whether the asynchronous path was used, and add the `FILE_SUBMIT_ASYNC_READ_FALLBACK` ticker to count calls that fall back to synchronous reads.
* `ReadOptions::table_filter` is now a *pointer* to a caller-owned `std::function` instead of a `std::function` value, to improve efficiency in copying and destroying `ReadOptions` objects (which RocksDB does internally). This is a breaking change for users of this relatively obscure option, who will now need to declare a `std::function` that outlives the read. As a side effect of `ReadOptions` being trivially copyable, new but legitimate compiler warnings may surface.
* Removed the experimental `CreateAutoSkipCompressionManager()`. Auto-skip compression is now a first-class feature of the block-based table builder, controlled by the new experimental `CompressionOptions::auto_skip`.
* Added `CoroStackableDB` for implementing wrappers over native coroutine reads and used it to add coroutine `Get` and `MultiGet` support to `DBWithTTL` and WritePrepared `TransactionDB`. A stackable wrapper advertises coroutine support only when its wrapped DB supports it; TTL value decoding and transaction visibility semantics are preserved.
* Added a `kSstFileWriter` value to `TableFileCreationReason`, which `SstFileWriter` now reports instead of the catch-all `kMisc`. This, along with new `db_name` and `is_remote_compaction` fields in `FilterBuildingContext`, improves the contextual information available to custom filter and compression strategies.
* Renamed `TransactionLogIterator` to `WalIterator` (and `include/rocksdb/transaction_log.h` to `include/rocksdb/wal_iterator.h`), because it iterates the write-ahead log and is unrelated to `TransactionDB`. The old names still work. `DB::GetUpdatesSince()` is unchanged. In Java, `WalIterator` is the new name and `TransactionLogIterator` remains as a subclass. Also documented existing behavior that was previously unstated: only writes that reached the WAL are visible (so `WriteOptions::disableWAL` and `IngestExternalFile()` leave holes that end iteration), what each iterator state means, and that `GetUpdatesSince()` silently starts later when the requested sequence number is unavailable.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug where `BlobFileBuilder` passed an SST path to `OnBlobFileCompleted()` instead of the completed blob path during BlobDB garbage-collection compactions, causing incorrect `SstFileManager` accounting and compaction failures on filesystems where the SST was not yet pathname-visible.

### Performance Improvements
* When `DBOptions::avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io` is true, obsolete `OPTIONS-*` files found during DB open are deleted by background purge instead of synchronously on the opening thread.

## 11.8.0 (07/28/2026)
### Public API Changes
* Add callback-based asynchronous read APIs, `DB::GetAsync()` and `DB::MultiGetAsync()`. The idea is that when IO is required, RocksDB can suspend its internal coroutine read path, allowing the read executor thread to do other work. When the IO is complete, RocksDB invokes the user callback. This requires filesystem support for full performance benefits. A new filesystem API `FSRandomAccessFile::SubmitReadAsync()` is introduced for this. Unlike `ReadAsync`, the filesystem is responsible for eventually calling the callback. `FileSystem::GetReadExecutor()` returns the IO executor whose EventBases run coroutine read processing. In the Posix filesystem, an IO-uring based event loop is used to complete the IO.
* Added `FlushOptions::listener_wait` (default `false`). When set together with `FlushOptions::wait == true`, `DB::Flush()` will not return until the registered `EventListener::OnFlushCompleted` callbacks for the flushed memtables have finished running. By default (`false`), `Flush(wait=true)` may return as soon as the flush result is committed, which can be before (or while) the `OnFlushCompleted` callbacks execute on the background flush thread. Also added the corresponding C API `rocksdb_flushoptions_set_listener_wait()` / `rocksdb_flushoptions_get_listener_wait()`.
* Deprecated `PinnableWideColumns::serialized_size()` in favor of the new `PinnableWideColumns::payload_size()`, which returns the total size of the columns' names and values (for a plain value this equals the value size). Relatedly, wide-column read accounting changed subtly: read statistics for entities (`BYTES_READ`, `BYTES_PER_READ`, and the per-key byte counts for `GetEntity`/`MultiGetEntity`) and the `ReadOptions::value_size_soft_limit` threshold now measure entities by this payload size instead of the serialized entity size. This drops serialization framing bytes from those measurements (so reported/limited sizes for entity reads are slightly smaller than before) and makes plain-value and wide-column accounting consistent.

### Behavior Changes
* `ReadOptions::value_size_soft_limit` now also bounds the blob values resolved from pre-flush blob direct write references during `MultiGet`/`MultiGetEntity` (previously these were resolved after the limit check and read without bound). Enforcement is "always make progress": at least one key is read even if its value alone exceeds the limit, and only once the returned size exceeds the limit do subsequent keys get `Status::Aborted` -- so a caller retrying the aborted keys cannot loop forever on a single value that by itself exceeds the limit.

### Performance Improvements
* Reduced copying when reading wide-column entities that have blob-referenced columns, whether stored in separate blob files or embedded (same-file) as blob records in the same SST. On the point-lookup (`GetEntity`/`MultiGetEntity`) and blob-backed memtable/direct-write read paths, resolving these columns no longer re-serializes the whole entity into a fresh buffer: inline columns are referenced in place in the pinned entity and each resolved blob value is referenced in place from its fetched buffer. This is enabled by an internal change to `PinnableWideColumns` that lets its columns reference multiple backing buffers.

## 11.7.0 (07/16/2026)
### Public API Changes
* Added `RangeLockManagerHandle::SetIsKilledCallback()`, a `std::function<bool()>` predicate polled during range-lock waits. When it returns true, a blocked `GetRangeLock()` wait returns promptly with `Status::Aborted()` instead of waiting for the lock timeout. Range-lock users that install no callback keep the original wait-until-grant-or-timeout behavior.
* Added `MultiScanArgs::reverse` to support reverse MultiScan reads over bounded scan ranges.

### Behavior Changes
* When using `LockWAL()`, live-file capture APIs such as checkpoint and backup now flush WAL-disabled unpersisted data; they can block until `UnlockWAL()` or return `Aborted` when called from the same thread that holds `LockWAL()` to avoid deadlock. `UnlockWAL()` must now also be called from the same thread that called `LockWAL()`.

### Performance Improvements
* Fixed slow DB open with `best_efforts_recovery`, and slow catch-up of secondary and follower (read-only) instances, in which time and memory grew quadratically with the number of files in the DB (so the slowdown was worst for large DBs with long history).

## 11.6.0 (07/02/2026)
### New Features
* Added EXPERIMENTAL embedded blob SST support through `SstFileWriter::OpenWithEmbeddedBlobs()`, storing eligible large values as same-file blob records in block-based SST files and resolving them transparently for reads. This niche feature currently supports uncompressed embedded blobs only; compression options are placeholders and compression support is deferred to follow-up work.

### Public API Changes
* Expanded the C API (`include/rocksdb/c.h`) with a large set of new `rocksdb_*` functions, mostly option getters/setters plus table-properties, job/event-listener, and metadata accessors, a WAL filter, a ReadOptions table filter, and a backup exclude-files callback. Many are now produced by a new semi-automated generator (`tools/c_api_gen/`) from the C++ headers; `include/rocksdb/c.h` remains a single self-contained header and the signatures of pre-existing functions are unchanged.

### Bug Fixes
* Reverted PR14831 that made range_lock_manager aware of reverse-order CF
* Fixed a bug in `RandomAccessFileReader::ReadAsync` where an already-aligned direct-IO read request with a null `scratch` and a caller-provided `aligned_buf` would take the "already aligned" fast path and submit the null buffer to the underlying async read (e.g. a null iovec base to io_uring, failing with EFAULT). This could surface as spurious iterator failures during async prefetch (MultiScan with async IO) on direct-IO databases. The async path now allocates a backing buffer in this case, matching the synchronous `Read` path.
* Fixed a bug where closing a read-only DB instance could delete live SST files created by a concurrent read-write DB sharing the same directory.

## 11.5.0 (06/16/2026)
### New Features
* External table readers that open files through `ExternalTableOptions::fs` now update RocksDB SST/file-read statistics and file IO listener callbacks, making external file IO activity visible in existing read metrics.
* Added `DB::PrepareFileIngestion()`, a two-phase form of `IngestExternalFile`/`IngestExternalFiles`. `PrepareFileIngestion()` performs all of the work that does not require the DB mutex (validating the arguments, reading each external file's metadata, and linking/copying the files into the DB) and returns an opaque `FileIngestionHandle`. `DB::CommitFileIngestionHandle()` (or `DB::CommitFileIngestionHandles()` for several handles at once) then makes the prepared files visible; multiple handles are committed atomically in a single MANIFEST write, or none are. `FileIngestionHandle::Abort()` (or simply destroying the handle) cancels a prepared ingestion and rolls it back. This gives flexibility to the application to Prepare a file separately from when its committed, and may shorten an applications critical path on `IngestExternalFile`.
* Added two stats histograms reporting the per-call latency (in microseconds) of each successful `IngestExternalFile`/`IngestExternalFiles` call, split by phase: `rocksdb.ingest.external.file.prepare.micros` (argument validation and reading/validating/linking the external files, which does not block live writes) and `rocksdb.ingest.external.file.run.micros` (the ingestion performed under the DB mutex while live writes are blocked). Failed ingestions are not recorded.
* Added `DBOptions::use_direct_io_for_compaction_reads` (default false). When enabled, compaction-input SST reads use `O_DIRECT` while user reads remain buffered, avoiding page-cache eviction of hot user-read data by sequential compaction scans. Pair with `use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction = true` on write-heavy workloads for direct I/O on both compaction inputs and outputs. Rejected at Open when combined with `allow_mmap_reads = true`. No-op when `use_direct_reads = true` is already set (since all reads are already direct).

### Public API Changes
* `DB::GetPreparedFileInfoForExternalSstIngestion()` can now prepare metadata for a live DB-generated SST file so it can be passed to `IngestExternalFileArg::file_infos`. The input path must exactly match a live table file owned by the source DB, and the returned metadata handle must outlive the ingestion.
* `ExternalSstFileInfo` gained a `prepared_file_info` member produced by `SstFileWriter::Finish`, and `IngestExternalFileArg` gained a `file_infos` field: a vector of borrowed `const PreparedFileInfo*` pointers, parallel to `external_files`. The owning `ExternalSstFileInfo::prepared_file_info` handle must outlive the ingestion. When set, `IngestExternalFiles()` reuses the supplied per-file metadata instead of re-opening and scanning each file to recompute it, avoiding that extra I/O.
* Corrected the public C++ option spelling from `memtable_veirfy_per_key_checksum_on_seek` to `memtable_verify_per_key_checksum_on_seek`. RocksDB continues to accept the old misspelled OPTIONS-file key for compatibility, while newly serialized OPTIONS files use the corrected key.
* Added experimental read-scoped block buffer provider API, configured through `ReadOptions::read_scoped_block_buffer_provider`, for supported block-based table iterator scans and MultiScan reads to use caller-provided read-scoped storage for final data-block contents. When configured, supported provider-backed scan data-block reads bypass the data-block cache. The provider is ignored when mmap reads are enabled. RocksDB may still use ordinary temporary scratch for serialized block bytes, such as when a block may be compressed. Get and MultiGet do not currently provide API guarantees for this provider.
* Added `FileSystem::SyncFile()` and `Env::SyncFile()` public APIs for syncing or fsyncing a file by name without requiring callers to reopen it as writable.

### Behavior Changes
* The default `compression` for column families is now `kLZ4Compression` rather than `kSnappyCompression`. This affects only column families that do not explicitly set `compression`, and only newly-written SST files. The change is fully compatible: existing data remains readable with no migration needed, as RocksDB selects the decompressor per block. LZ4 offers slightly better compression ratios and decompression CPU efficiency vs. Snappy and similar compression CPU, tested across various server CPUs. When support is not compiled in, the fallback path for default compression is LZ4 -> Snappy -> NoCompression.
* Disable parallel compression (ignore `CompressionOptions::parallel_threads`) for fast built-in compressors: Snappy, LZ4 (accelerated, not LZ4HC), and accelerated levels of ZSTD (level < 0). These do not generally benefit from parallel compression. This behavior can be overridden with a custom Compressor from a custom CompressionManager.
* `PosixFileSystem::OptimizeForCompactionTableRead` now delegates to the base `FileSystem::OptimizeForCompactionTableRead` implementation before applying its Linux-only compaction-readahead clamp (added for #12038). The returned `FileOptions::use_direct_reads` therefore reflects `DBOptions::use_direct_reads`, consistent with the base class and with other `FileSystem` implementations. Previously the override ignored the base implementation and keyed both the returned options and the Linux readahead clamp off the incoming `FileOptions` rather than `DBOptions`. At the in-tree call site the incoming `FileOptions::use_direct_reads` already matches `DBOptions::use_direct_reads`, so this is effectively a no-op for existing configurations; it removes a latent inconsistency where a caller passing `FileOptions` whose `use_direct_reads` disagreed with `DBOptions` would have had the global flag silently ignored for compaction-input reads on Linux. (Note: the `#12038` readahead clamp still keys off the global `use_direct_reads`; it is not skipped for the compaction-only `use_direct_io_for_compaction_reads` path, since that flag enables O_DIRECT after this hook runs.)
* Brought more unity to `kLZ4Compression` and `kLZ4HCCompression` by giving each access to the other's compression levels. Negative (fast) values previously only available to LZ4 and positive (slow) values previously only available to LZ4HC are now available to both, so configuring a non-default `compression_opts.level` now selects the LZ4 compressor variant. This is a behavior change for previously tolerated but dubious configurations such as positive compression level with `kLZ4Compression`. `kLZ4Compression` and `kLZ4HCCompression` keep their effective default levels, equivalent to -1 and 9 respectively.
* Removed a discontinuity in `kZSTD` compression levels at `compression_opts.level == 0` by mapping that setting to `level = -1` rather than to `level = 3` as the ZSTD library does internally. This improves the compression auto-tuning landscape.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug where the range lock manager would crash with an assertion failure when using a reverse comparator column family.

### Performance Improvements
* Reduced commit latency when ingesting many external files by allowing `IngestExternalFileOptions::file_opening_threads` to open table readers for committed ingested files using multiple threads.
* Reduced commit latency for large external file ingestions into the last level by adding `IngestExternalFileOptions::prefetch_lmax_index_and_filter_blocks`, which can skip commit-time index and filter block prefetching for cache-backed table metadata.

## 11.4.0 (06/02/2026)
### Public API Changes
* Added `rocksdb_options_set_memtable_batch_lookup_optimization()` and `rocksdb_options_get_memtable_batch_lookup_optimization()` to the C API, exposing the existing `AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions::memtable_batch_lookup_optimization` field. This allows C API users (and downstream language bindings) to enable the skip-list memtable's batch-lookup optimization for `MultiGet`, which caches the search path between consecutive keys and reduces per-key cost from O(log N) to O(log d) where d is the distance between consecutive keys.
* Added `rocksdb_readoptions_set_optimize_multiget_for_io()` and `rocksdb_readoptions_get_optimize_multiget_for_io()` to the C API, exposing the existing `ReadOptions::optimize_multiget_for_io` field. This allows C API users (and downstream language bindings) to opt out of the multi-level parallel MultiGet path, which only takes effect when the library is built with `USE_COROUTINES`.
* Added `rocksdb_block_based_table_index_block_search_type_auto` enum constant and the `rocksdb_block_based_options_set_uniform_cv_threshold()` setter to the C API. The constant exposes `BlockSearchType::kAuto`, and the setter exposes `BlockBasedTableOptions::uniform_cv_threshold`. Both are required for `kAuto` index-block search to take effect from the C API: without setting `uniform_cv_threshold >= 0`, the per-block `is_uniform` footer bit is never written, and `kAuto` falls back to binary search at read time.
* Added `EventListener::OnDBShutdownBegin`, a callback that fires once when a DB begins shutdown, including when RocksDB cleans up a failed `DB::Open()` attempt.
* Added a new PerfContext counter `blob_cache_read_byte` for blob cache bytes read.

### Behavior Changes
* Remote compaction now falls back to local compaction when the primary cannot deserialize a successful `CompactionServiceResult` before installing any remote output files.
* StringToMap (rocksdb/convenience.h) now preserves the outer braces of nested values so each map entry is in self-contained form and can be embedded directly into another `key=value;` string (e.g. SetOptions) without losing inner ';' delimiters. A new symmetric MapToString utility is provided.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug where `AbortAllCompactions()` could leave automatic compaction work unscheduled when aborting before the background worker picked it, causing compaction and write stalls until DB restart.
* Fix a bug where db had a false positive compaction corruption error due to remote compaction service result with `has_accurate_num_input_records=false` not being serialized.
* Fixed WritePrepared TransactionDB cleanup after retryable commit or rollback write failures so prepared transactions remain rollbackable instead of leaving unresolved prepared state.
* Fix a rare corruption bug for tiered compaction that incorrectly moved last level range tombstones into proximal level. This corruption error is surfaced when force_consistency_checks is enabled.

### Performance Improvements
* Reduce the likelihood of user-facing metadata operations blocking on MANIFEST rotation when file creation is slow, such as on remote storage. MANIFEST write batches containing foreground edits from `CreateColumnFamily()`, `DropColumnFamily()`, `CreateColumnFamilyWithImport()`, `IngestExternalFile()`, and `DeleteFilesInRanges()` now get a relaxed file size threshold for triggering MANIFEST rotation; background-only MANIFEST write batches, such as compaction and flush, continue to use the normal threshold. This change should make auto-tuning manifest file size more attractive (see `max_manifest_file_size` and `max_manifest_space_amp_pct` options).


## 11.3.0 (05/15/2026)
### New Features
* Add experimental DB option `async_wal_precreate` to precreate the next WAL file in a background thread and reduce foreground WAL rotation latency. The option is sanitized to false when WAL recycling is enabled.
* Added a new `EventListener::OnCompactionPreCommit` callback that fires after a compaction job finishes but before its input files are released (i.e. while `FileMetaData::being_compacted` is still true). Listeners that maintain bookkeeping of which files are currently being compacted can clean up such state in this new callback to avoid races with concurrent compaction picking, where another thread might pick up the same files for a new compaction immediately after `being_compacted` is flipped back to false but before `OnCompactionCompleted` fires. The default implementation is a no-op so this is not a breaking change.
* Add mutable DBOption `optimize_manifest_for_recovery` (default false). When enabled, RocksDB can reduce recovery work after a clean shutdown, which may lower DB::Open latency on warm reopens.
* Added public utility APIs `ParseCompressionNameForDisplay()` to convert `TableProperties::compression_name` into a human-readable compression name for both legacy and format_version 7+ SST metadata, including custom `CompressionManager`-provided display names for custom compression types.
* Add `reuse_manifest_on_open` DBOption (default false). When enabled, DB::Open reuses the existing MANIFEST file for append instead of creating a fresh one, avoiding the cost of serializing the entire database state into a new MANIFEST on the first post-open write. To prevent this feature from interfering with manifest file size auto-tuning, an extra forward-compatible field is now always added to the MANIFEST (to track the last "compacted" size).

### Behavior Changes
* Read-only open with `error_if_wal_file_exists=true` now tolerates empty WAL files so empty precreated WALs do not prevent inspection.
* WriteCommitted TransactionDB now matches WritePrepared and WriteUnprepared compaction filtering in both single- and two-write-queue modes: a compaction filter's FilterMergeOperand will not be invoked on merge operands at or below the latest published sequence number.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed blob-backed wide-column merge reads to preserve correct status
propagation and resolution across memtable, read-only, and secondary DB
paths.
* Fixed a bug where `DB::GetCreationTimeOfOldestFile()` could return inaccurate results instead of the real creation time when called shortly after opening a legacy DB (one whose manifest lacks `file_creation_time`) with `open_files_async = true`. The API now waits for background SST file loading to complete only when needed; modern DBs are unaffected.
* Fixed merge reads against wide-column/blob-backed base values to preserve precise failure statuses, including `GetMergeOperands()` and direct-write memtable reads.
* Fix bug in range tombstone synthesis that covers live keys added during an IngestExternalFile
* Reject the empty string as a column family name in `DB::CreateColumnFamily` / `DB::CreateColumnFamilies`. Previously such calls returned OK and a usable handle, but the column family was not persisted in the manifest, so any data written to it was silently lost on DB reopen.
* Fixed a bug where a WriteCommitted TransactionDB using commit-bypass WBWI ingestion could drop an entry that is still visible at the published sequence boundary.

## 11.2.0 (04/18/2026)
### New Features
* Added experimental `DBOptions::fast_sst_open` option. When enabled, RocksDB retrieves opaque file system metadata for SST files after flush, compaction, and external file ingestion, persists it in the MANIFEST, and passes it back to the file system on subsequent file opens to accelerate DB open time.
* Added new option `min_tombstones_for_range_conversion` in `AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions`. When set to a non-zero value N, forward or reverse iteration will convert N or more contiguous point tombstones into a range tombstone in the mutable memtable. Future read operations will then be able to benefit from range tombstone optimizations. There are some limitations when it comes to table_filters, prefix_filters, and UDTs. See header comments for more details.
* Added read-triggered compaction: a new column family option `read_triggered_compaction_threshold` (default 0, disabled) that marks SST files for compaction when their read frequency (`num_collapsible_entry_reads_sampled / file_size`) exceeds the threshold. This helps reduce read amplification for frequently-read ("hot") keys. A new DB option `max_compaction_trigger_wakeup_seconds` (default 43200s / 12 hours) controls the maximum interval for periodic compaction score re-evaluation, which is necessary for this feature to work on quiet (no-write) databases.

### Public API Changes
* Added new `WideColumnBlobResolver` interface and `CompactionFilter::FilterV4()` method, including `ResolveColumn()` / `ResolveColumns()` helpers for lazy loading blob column values in wide-column entities during compaction. This allows compaction filters to resolve blob values on-demand, avoiding unnecessary I/O for blob columns they don't need to access.
* Changed experimental feature `ExternalTableReader::Get` and `ExternalTableReader::MultiGet` to use `PinnableSlice` instead of `std::string` for output values, enabling zero-copy pinning. This will break existing implementations.
* Added `SstFileReader::Get` and `SstFileReader::MultiGet` overloads that accept `PinnableSlice`/`std::vector<PinnableSlice>*`, enabling zero-copy reads when the underlying `TableReader` supports pinning.

### Behavior Changes
* Prefix filter changes - when seeking to a key that is out of domain, and total_order_seek is false, total_order_seek is treated as if it were true. When prefix_same_as_start = true, now iterating past a key that is out of domain invalidates the iterator. The existing behavior does not check for InDomain in the DBIter, so Transform() can produce undefined behavior (e.g. key of size 3 on FixedPrefixTransform(4)).
* Wide-column entities with blob-backed columns now use a new V2 on-disk encoding; older RocksDB versions that do not support wide-column blob separation will reject DBs or SSTs containing those entities.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix blob garbage accounting for blob direct-write flushes so flush-time filtering and overwrite elision correctly register obsolete blob bytes in blob metadata.
* Fix a memory accounting leak in IODispatcher where ReadIndex() moved block values out of ReadSet without releasing the associated prefetch memory, causing subsequent prefetches to be blocked when max_prefetch_memory_bytes was set.
* Fix MultiScan to fall back to synchronous coalesced reads when async I/O is unsupported at runtime.


## 11.1.0 (03/23/2026)
### New Features
* Add a new option `open_files_async`. The existing behavior is on DB open, we open all sst files and do basic validations. For very large DBs on remote filesystems with many ssts, this may take very long. This option performs these validations instead in the background. Open errors found by this async background task are surfaced as a new background error kAsyncFileOpen.
* Added `BlockBasedTableOptions::kAuto` index block search type that automatically selects between binary and interpolation search on a per-index-block basis. During SST construction, each index block's key distribution uniformity is analyzed using the coefficient of variation of key gaps, and index blocks with uniform keys use interpolation search while others fall back to binary search. The uniformity threshold is configurable via `BlockBasedTableOptions::uniform_cv_threshold` (default: 0.2).
* Introduced enforce_write_buffer_manager_during_recovery option to allow WriteBufferManager to be enforced during WAL recovery. (Default: true)
* Add `memtable_batch_lookup_optimization` option to use batch lookup optimization for memtable MultiGet. For skip list memtables, after each key lookup, the search path is cached and reused for the next key, reducing per-key cost from O(log N) to O(log d) where d is the distance between consecutive keys. Benchmarks show ~7% improvement in memtable-resident MultiGet throughput.
* Added `BlockBasedTableOptions::PrepopulateBlockCache::kFlushAndCompaction` to prepopulate the block cache during both flush and compaction. Compaction-warmed blocks are inserted at `BOTTOM` priority (vs `LOW` for flush) so they are evicted first under cache pressure. Recommended only for use cases where most or all of the database is expected to reside in cache (e.g., tiered or remote storage where the working set fits in cache).
* Added new mutable DB option `verify_manifest_content_on_close` (default: false). When enabled, on DB close the MANIFEST file is read back and all records are validated (CRC checksums and logical content). If corruption is detected, a fresh MANIFEST is written from in-memory state.

### Behavior Changes
* num_reads_sampled now factors in re-seeks and next/prev() on file iterators for files in L1+. next/prev() is discounted by 64x compared to seek due to being a much cheaper call.
* Remote compaction workers now skip WAL recovery when opening the secondary DB instance, since only the LSM state from MANIFEST is needed for compaction. This reduces I/O and speeds up remote compaction startup.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in round-robin compaction that missed selecting input files that are needed to guarantee data correctness and cause crashing in debug builds or silent data corruption in release builds for Get().

## 11.0.0 (02/23/2026)
### New Features
* Added support for storing wide-column entity column values in blob files. When `min_blob_size` is configured, large column values in wide-column entities will be stored in blob files, reducing SST file size and improving read performance.
* Added `CompactionOptionsFIFO::max_data_files_size` to support FIFO compaction trimming based on combined SST and blob file sizes. Added `CompactionOptionsFIFO::use_kv_ratio_compaction` to enable a capacity-derived intra-L0 compaction strategy optimized for BlobDB workloads, producing uniform-sized compacted files for predictable FIFO trimming.
* Include interpolation search as an alternative to binary search, which typically performs better when keys are uniformly distributed. This is exposed as a new table option `index_block_search_type`. The default is `binary_search`.

### Public API Changes
* Added new virtual methods `AbortAllCompactions()` and `ResumeAllCompactions()` to the `DB` class. Added new `Status::SubCode::kCompactionAborted` to indicate a compaction was aborted. Added `Status::IsCompactionAborted()` helper method to check if a status represents an aborted compaction.
* Drop support for reading (and writing) SST files using `BlockBasedTableOptions.format_version` < 2, which hasn't been the default format for about 10 years. An upgrade path is still possible with full compaction using a RocksDB version >= 4.6.0 and < 11.0.0 and then using the newer version.
* Remove deprecated raw `DB*` variants of `DB::Open` and related functions. Some other minor public APIs were updated as a result
* Remove deprecated `DB::MaxMemCompactionLevel()`
* Remove useless option `CompressedSecondaryCacheOptions::compress_format_version`
* Remove deprecated DB option `skip_checking_sst_file_sizes_on_db_open`. The option was deprecated in 10.5.0 and has been a no-op since then. File size validation is now always performed in parallel during DB open.
* Remove deprecated `SliceTransform::InRange()` virtual method and the `in_range` callback parameter from `rocksdb_slicetransform_create()` in the C API. `InRange()` was never called by RocksDB and existed only for backward compatibility.
* Remove deprecated, unused APIs and options: `ReadOptions::managed` and `ColumnFamilyOptions::snap_refresh_nanos`. Corresponding C and Java APIs are also removed.
* Remove deprecated `SstFileWriter::Add()` method (use `Put()` instead) and the deprecated `skip_filters` parameter from `SstFileWriter` constructors (use `BlockBasedTableOptions::filter_policy` set to `nullptr` to skip filter generation instead).

### Behavior Changes
* Change the default value of `CompactionOptionsUniversal::reduce_file_locking` from `false` to `true` to improve write stall and reduce read regression

### Bug Fixes
* Fix longstanding failures that can arise from reading and/or compacting old DB dirs with range deletions (likely from version < 5.19.0) in many newer versions.
* Fix a bug where WritePrepared/WriteUnprepared TransactionDB with two_write_queues=true could experience "sequence number going backwards" corruption during recovery from a background error, due to allocated-but-not-published sequence numbers not being synced before creating new WAL files.

### Performance Improvements
* Add a new table option `separate_key_value_in_data_block`. When set to true keys and values will be stored separately in the data block, which can result in higher cpu cache hit rate and better compression. Works best with data blocks with sufficient restart intervals and large values. Previous versions of RocksDB will reject files written using this option.

## 10.11.0 (01/23/2026)
### Public API Changes
* New SetOptions API that allows setting options for multiple CFs, avoiding the need to reserialize OPTIONS file for each CF
* Remove remaining pieces of Lua integration

### Behavior Changes
* The new default for `BlockBasedTableOptions::format_version` is 7, which has been supported since RocksDB 10.4.0 and is required in order to use CompressionManagers supporting custom compression types.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a small performance bug with `format_version=7` when decompressing formats other than Snappy and ZSTD.
* Fixed an infinite compaction loop bug with User-Defined Timestamps (UDT) where bottommost files were repeatedly marked for compaction even though their timestamp could not be collapsed.
* Bugfix for persisted UDT record sequence number zeroing logic.

## 10.10.0 (12/16/2025)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug in best-efforts recovery that causes use-after-free crashes when accessing SST files that were cached during the recovery.
* Fix resumable compaction incorrectly allowing resumption from a truncated range deletion that is not well handled currently.
* Fixed a bug in `PosixRandomFileAccess` IO uring submission queue ownership & management. Fix eliminates the false positive 'Bad cqe data' IO errors in `PosixRandomFileAccess::MultiRead` when interleaved with `PosixRandomFileAccess::ReadAsync` on the same thread.

## 10.9.0 (11/21/2025)
### New Features
* Added an auto-tuning feature for DB manifest file size that also (by default) improves the safety of existing configurations in case `max_manifest_file_size` is repeatedly exceeded. The new recommendation is to set `max_manifest_file_size` to something small like 1MB and tune `max_manifest_space_amp_pct` as needed to balance write amp and space amp in the manifest. Refer to comments on those options in `DBOptions` for details. Both options are (now) mutable.
* Added a new API to support option migration for multiple column families
* Added new option target_file_size_is_upper_bound  that makes most compaction output SST files come close to the target file size without exceeding it, rather than commonly exceeding it by some fraction (current behavior). For now the new behavior is off by default, but we expect to enable it by default in the future.
* Add a new option allow_trivial_move in CompactionOptions to allow CompactFiles to perform trivial move if possible. By default the flag of allow_trivial_move is false, so it preserve the original behavior.

### Public API Changes
* To reduce risk of ODR violations or similar, `ROCKSDB_USING_THREAD_STATUS` has been removed from public headers and replaced with static `const bool ThreadStatus::kEnabled`. Some other uses of conditional compilation have been removed from public API headers to reduce risk of ODR violations or other issues.

### Behavior Changes
* PosixWritableFile now repositions the seek pointer to the new end of file after a call to Truncate.
* Updated standalone range deletion L0 file compaction behavior to avoid compacting with any newer L0 files (which is expensive and not useful).

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug where compaction with range deletion can persist kTypeMaxValid in MANIFEST as file metadata. kTypeMaxValid is not supposed to be persisted and can change as new value types are introduced. This can cause a forward compatibility issue where older versions of RocksDB don't recognize kTypeMaxValid from newer versions. A new placeholder value type kTypeTruncatedRangeDeletionSentinel is also introduced to replace kTypeMaxValid when reading existing SST files' metadata from MANIFEST. This allows us to strengthen some checks to avoid using kTypeMaxValid in the future.
* Fixed a bug where `DB::GetSortedWalFiles()` could hang when waiting for a purge operation that found nothing to do (potentially triggered by iterator release, flush, compaction, etc.).
* Fixed a bug in MultiScan where `max_sequential_skip_in_iterations` could cause the iterator to seek backward to already-unpinned blocks when the same user key spans multiple data blocks, leading to assertion failures or seg fault.
* Fixed a bug for `WAL_ttl_seconds > 0` use cases where the newest archived WAL files could be incorrectly deleted when the system clock moved backwards.

### Performance Improvements
* Added optimization that allowed for the asynchronous prefetching of all data outlined in a multiscan iterator. This optimization was applied to the level iterator, which prefetches all data through each of the block-based iterators.

## 10.8.0 (10/21/2025)
### New Features
* Add kFSPrefetch to FSSupportedOps enum to allow file systems to indicate prefetch support capability, avoiding unnecessary prefetch system calls on file systems that don't support them.
* Added experimental support `OpenAndCompactOptions::allow_resumption` for resumable compaction that persists progress during `OpenAndCompact()`, allowing interrupted compactions to resume from the last progress persitence. The default behavior is to not persist progress.

### Public API Changes
* Allow specifying output temperature in CompactionOptions
* Added `DB::FlushWAL(const FlushWALOptions&)` as an alternative to `DB::FlushWAL(bool sync)`, where `FlushWALOptions` includes a new `rate_limiter_priority` field (default `Env::IO_TOTAL`) that allows rate limiting and priority passing of manual WAL flush's IO operations.
* The MultiScan API contract is updated. After a multi scan range got prepared with Prepare API call, the following seeks must seek the start of each prepared scan range in order. In addition, when limit is set, upper bound must be set to the same value of limit before each seek

### Behavior Changes
* `kChangeTemperature` FIFO compaction will now honor `compaction_target_temp` to all levels regardless of `cf_options::last_level_temperature`
* Allow UDIs with a non BytewiseComparator

### Bug Fixes
* Fix incorrect MultiScan seek error status due to bugs in handling range limit falling between adjacent SST files key range.
* Fix a bug in Page unpinning in MultiScan

### Performance Improvements
* Fixed a performance regression in LZ4 compression that started in version 10.6.0

## 10.7.0 (09/19/2025)
### New Features
* Add the fail_if_no_udi_on_open flag in BlockBasedTableOption to control whether a missing user defined index block in a SST is a hard error or not.
* A new flag memtable_verify_per_key_checksum_on_seek is added to AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions. When it is enabled, it will validate key checksum along the binary search path on skiplist based memtable during seek operation.
* Introduce option MultiScanArgs::use_async_io to enable asynchronous I/O during MultiScan, instead of waiting for I/O to be done in Prepare().
* Add new option `MultiScanArgs::max_prefetch_size` that limits the memory usage of per file pinning of prefetched blocks.
* Improved `sst_dump` by allowing standalone file and directory arguments without `--file=`. Also added new options and better output for `sst_dump --command=recompress`. See `sst_dump --help`

### Public API Changes
* HyperClockCache with no `estimated_entry_charge` is now production-ready and is the preferred block cache implementation vs. LRUCache. Please consider updating your code to minimize the risk of hitting performance bottlenecks or anomalies from LRUCache. See cache.h for more detail.
* RocksDB now requires a C++20 compatible compiler (GCC >= 11, Clang >= 10, Visual Studio >= 2019), including for any code using RocksDB headers.
* MultiScanArgs used to have a default constructor with default parameter of BytewiseComparator. Now it always requires Comparator in its constructor.

### Behavior Changes
* The default provided block cache implementation is now HyperClockCache instead of LRUCache, when `block_cache` is nullptr (default) and `no_block_cache==false` (default). We recommend explicitly creating a HyperClockCache block cache based on memory budget and sharing it across all column families and even DB instances. This change could expose previously hidden memory or resource leaks.

### Bug Fixes
* Reported numbers for compaction and flush CPU usage now include time spent by parallel compression worker threads. This now means compaction/flush CPU usage could exceed the wall clock time.
* Fix a race condition in FIFO size-based compaction where concurrent threads could select the same non-L0 file, causing assertion failures in debug builds or "Cannot delete table file from LSM tree" errors in release builds.
* Fix a bug in RocksDB MultiScan with UDI when one of the scan ranges is determined to be empty by the UDI, which causes incorrect results.

### Performance Improvements
* Add a new table property "rocksdb.key.smallest.seqno" which records the smallest sequence number of all keys in file. It makes ingesting DB generated files faster by
avoiding scanning the whole file to find the smallest sequence number.
* Add a new experimental PerKeyPointLockManager to improve efficiency under high lock contention. PointLockManager was not efficient when there is high write contention on same key, as it uses a single conditional variable per lock stripe. PerKeyPointLockManager uses per thread conditional variable supporting fifo order. Although this is an experimental feature. By default, it is disabled. A new boolean flag TransactionDBOptions::use_per_key_point_lock_mgr is added to optionally enable it. Search the flag in code for more info.
Together, a new configuration TransactionOptions::deadlock_timeout_us is added, which allows the transaction to wait for a short period before perform deadlock detection. When the workload has low lock contention, the deadlock_timeout_us can be configured to be slightly higher than average transaction execution time, so that transaction would likely be able to take the lock before deadlock detection is performed when it is waiting for a lock. This allows transaction to reduce CPU cost on performing deadlock detection, which could be expensive in CPU time. When the workload has high lock contention, the deadlock_timeout_us can be configured to 0, so that transaction would perform deadlock detection immediately. By default the value is 0 to keep the behavior same as before.
* Majorly improved CPU efficiency and scalability of parallel compression (`CompressionOptions::parallel_threads` > 1), though this efficiency improvement makes parallel compression currently incompatible with UserDefinedIndex and with old setting of `decouple_partitioned_filters=false`. Parallel compression is now considered a production-ready feature. Maximum performance is available with `-DROCKSDB_USE_STD_SEMAPHORES` at compile time, but this is not currently recommended because of reported bugs in implementations of `std::counting_semaphore`/`binary_semaphore`.

## 10.6.0 (08/22/2025)
### New Features
* Introduce column family option `cf_allow_ingest_behind`. This option aims to replace `DBOptions::allow_ingest_behind` to enable ingest behind at the per-CF level. `DBOptions::allow_ingest_behind` is deprecated.
* Introduce `MultiScanArgs::io_coalesce_threshold` to allow a configurable IO coalescing threshold.

### Public API Changes
* `IngestExternalFileOptions::allow_db_generated_files` now allows files ingestion of any DB generated SST file, instead of only the ones with all keys having sequence number 0.
* `decouple_partitioned_filters = true` is now the default in BlockBasedTableOptions.
* GetTtl() API is now available in TTL DB
* Minimum supported version of LZ4 library is now 1.7.0 (r129 from 2015)
* Some changes to experimental Compressor and CompressionManager APIs
* A new Filesystem::SyncFile function is added for syncing a file that was already written, such as on file ingestion. The default implementation matches previous RocksDB behavior: re-open the file for read-write, sync it, and close it. We recommend overriding for FileSystems that do not require syncing for crash recovery or do not handle (well) re-opening for writes.

### Behavior Changes
* When `allow_ingest_behind` is enabled, compaction will no longer drop tombstones based on the absence of underlying data. Tombstones will be preserved to apply to ingested files.

### Bug Fixes
* Files in dropped column family won't be returned to the caller upon successful, offline MANIFEST iteration in `GetFileChecksumsFromCurrentManifest`.
* Fix a bug in MultiScan that causes it to fall back to a normal scan when dictionary compression is enabled.
* Fix a crash in iterator Prepare() when fill_cache=false
* Fix a bug in MultiScan where incorrect results can be returned when a Scan's range is across multiple files.
* Fixed a bug in remote compaction that may mistakenly delete live SST file(s) during the cleanup phase when no keys survive the compaction (all expired)
* Allow a user defined index to be configured from a string.
* Make the User Defined Index interface consistently use the user key format, fixing the previous mixed usage of internal and user key.

### Performance Improvements
* Small improvement to CPU efficiency of compression using built-in algorithms, and a dramatic efficiency improvement for LZ4HC, based on reusing data structures between invocations.

## 10.5.0 (07/18/2025)
### Public API Changes
* DB option skip_checking_sst_file_sizes_on_db_open is deprecated, in favor of validating file size in parallel in a thread pool, when db is opened. When DB is opened, with paranoid check enabled, a file with the wrong size would fail the DB open. With paranoid check disabled, the DB open would succeed, the column family with the corrupted file would not be read or write, while the other healthy column families could be read and write normally. When max_open_files option is not set to -1, only a subset of the files will be opened and checked. The rest of the files will be opened and checked when they are accessed.

### Behavior Changes
* PessimisticTransaction::GetWaitingTxns now returns waiting transaction information even if the current transaction has timed out. This allows the information to be surfaced to users for debugging purposes once it is known that the timeout has occurred.
* A new API GetFileSize is added to FSRandomAccessFile interface class. It uses fstat vs stat on the posix implementation which is more efficient. Caller could use it to get file size faster. This function might be required in the future for FileSystem implementation outside of the RocksDB code base.
* RocksDB now triggers eligible compactions every 12 hours when periodic compaction is configured. This solves a limitation of the compaction trigger mechanism, which would only trigger compaction after specific events like flush, compaction, or SetOptions.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in BackupEngine that can crash backup due to a null FSWritableFile passed to WritableFileWriter.
* Fix DB::NewMultiScan iterator to respect the scan upper bound specified in ScanOptions

### Performance Improvements
* Optimized MultiScan using BlockBasedTable to coalesce I/Os and prefetch all data blocks.

## 10.4.0 (06/20/2025)
### New Features
* Add a new CF option `memtable_avg_op_scan_flush_trigger` that supports triggering memtable flush when an iterator scans through an expensive range of keys, with the average number of skipped keys from the active memtable exceeding the threshold.
* Vector based memtable now supports concurrent writers (DBOptions::allow_concurrent_memtable_write) #13675.
* Add new experimental `TransactionOptions::large_txn_commit_optimize_byte_threshold` to enable optimizations for large transaction commit by transaction batch data size.
* Add a new option `CompactionOptionsUniversal::reduce_file_locking` and if it's true, auto universal compaction picking will adjust to minimize locking of input files when bottom priority compactions are waiting to run. This can increase the likelihood of existing L0s being selected for compaction, thereby improving write stall and reducing read regression.
* Add new `format_version=7` to aid experimental support of custom compression algorithms with CompressionManager and block-based table. This format version includes changing the format of `TableProperties::compression_name`.

### Public API Changes
* Change NewExternalTableFactory to return a unique_ptr instead of shared_ptr.
* Add an optional min file size requirement for deletion triggered compaction. It can be specified when creating `CompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory`.

### Behavior Changes
* `TransactionOptions::large_txn_commit_optimize_threshold` now has default value 0 for disabled. `TransactionDBOptions::txn_commit_bypass_memtable_threshold` now has no effect on transactions.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug where CreateColumnFamilyWithImport() could miss the SST file for the memtable flush it triggered. The exported CF then may not contain the updates in the memtable when CreateColumnFamilyWithImport() is called.
* Fix iterator operations returning NotImplemented status if disallow_memtable_writes and paranoid_memory_checks CF options are both set.
* Fixed handling of file checksums in IngestExternalFile() to allow providing checksums using recognized but not necessarily the DB's preferred checksum function, to ease migration between checksum functions.

## 10.3.0 (05/17/2025)
### New Features
* Add new experimental `CompactionOptionsFIFO::allow_trivial_copy_when_change_temperature` along with `CompactionOptionsFIFO::trivial_copy_buffer_size` to allow optimizing FIFO compactions with tiering when kChangeTemperature to move files from source tier FileSystem to another tier FileSystem via trivial and direct copying raw sst file instead of reading thru the content of the SST file then rebuilding the table files.
* Add a new field to Compaction Stats in LOG files for the pre-compression size written to each level.
* Add new experimental `TransactionOptions::large_txn_commit_optimize_threshold` to enable optimizations for large transaction commit with per transaction threshold. `TransactionDBOptions::txn_commit_bypass_memtable_threshold` is deprecated in favor of this transaction option.
* [internal team use only] Allow an application-defined `request_id` to be passed to RocksDB and propagated to the filesystem via IODebugContext

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug where transaction lock upgrade can incorrectly fail with a Deadlock status. This happens when a transaction has a non-zero timeout and tries to upgrade a shared lock that is also held by another transaction.
* Pass wrapped WritableFileWriter pointer to ExternalTableBuilder so that the file checksum can be correctly calculated and returned by SstFileWriter for external table files.
* Fix an infinite-loop bug in transaction locking. This can happen if a transaction reaches lock limit and its time out expires before it attempts to wait for it.
* Fixed a potential data race with `CompressionOptions::parallel_threads > 1` and a `TablePropertiesCollector` overriding `BlockAdd()`.

## 10.2.0 (04/21/2025)
### New Features
* Provide histogram stats `COMPACTION_PREFETCH_BYTES` to measure number of bytes for RocksDB's prefetching (as opposed to file
system's prefetch) on SST file during compaction read
* A new API DB::GetNewestUserDefinedTimestamp is added to return the newest user defined timestamp seen in a column family
* Introduce API `IngestWriteBatchWithIndex()` for ingesting updates into DB while bypassing memtable writes. This improves performance when writing a large write batch to the DB.
* Add a new CF option `memtable_op_scan_flush_trigger` that triggers a flush of the memtable if an iterator's Seek()/Next() scans over a certain number of invisible entries from the memtable.

### Public API Changes
* AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions.max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain is deleted. It's deprecated since introduction of a better option max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain since RocksDB 6.5.0.
* Deprecated API `DB::MaxMemCompactionLevel()`.
* Deprecated `ReadOptions::ignore_range_deletions`.
* Deprecated API `experimental::PromoteL0()`.
* Added arbitrary string map for additional options to be overridden for remote compactions
* The fail_if_options_file_error option in DBOptions has been removed. The behavior now is to always return failure in any API that fails to persist the OPTIONS file.

### Behavior Changes
* Make stats `PREFETCH_BYTES_USEFUL`, `PREFETCH_HITS`, `PREFETCH_BYTES` only account for prefetching during user initiated scan

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in Posix file system that the FSWritableFile created via `FileSystem::ReopenWritableFile` internally does not track the correct file size.
* Fix a bug where tail size of remote compaction output is not persisted in primary db's manifest

## 10.1.0 (03/24/2025)
### New Features
* Added a new `DBOptions.calculate_sst_write_lifetime_hint_set` setting that allows to customize which compaction styles SST write lifetime hint calculation is allowed on. Today RocksDB supports only two modes `kCompactionStyleLevel` and `kCompactionStyleUniversal`.
* Add a new field `num_l0_files` in `CompactionJobInfo` about the number of L0 files in the CF right before and after the compaction
* Added per-key-placement feature in Remote Compaction
* Implemented API DB::GetPropertiesOfTablesByLevel that retrieves table properties for files in each LSM tree level

### Public API Changes
* `GetAllKeyVersions()` now interprets empty slices literally, as valid keys, and uses new `OptSlice` type default value for extreme upper and lower range limits.
* `DeleteFilesInRanges()` now takes `RangeOpt` which is based on `OptSlice`. The overload taking `RangePtr` is deprecated.
* Add an unordered map of name/value pairs, ReadOptions::property_bag, to pass opaque options through to an external table when creating an Iterator.
* Introduced CompactionServiceJobStatus::kAborted to allow handling aborted scenario in Schedule(), Wait() or OnInstallation() APIs in Remote Compactions.
* format\_version < 2 in BlockBasedTableOptions is no longer supported for writing new files. Support for reading such files is deprecated and might be removed in the future. `CompressedSecondaryCacheOptions::compress_format_version == 1` is also deprecated.

### Behavior Changes
* `ldb` now returns an error if the specified `--compression_type` is not supported in the build.
* MultiGet with snapshot and ReadOptions::read_tier = kPersistedTier will now read a consistent view across CFs (instead of potentially reading some CF before and some CF after a flush).
* CreateColumnFamily() is no longer allowed on a read-only DB (OpenForReadOnly())

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed stats for Tiered Storage with preclude_last_level feature

## 10.0.0 (02/21/2025)
### New Features
* Introduced new `auto_refresh_iterator_with_snapshot` opt-in knob that (when enabled) will periodically release obsolete memory and storage resources for as long as the iterator is making progress and its supplied `read_options.snapshot` was initialized with non-nullptr value.
* Added the ability to plug-in a custom table reader implementation. See include/rocksdb/external_table_reader.h for more details.
* Experimental feature: RocksDB now supports FAISS inverted file based indices via the secondary indexing framework. Applications can use FAISS secondary indices to automatically quantize embeddings and perform K-nearest-neighbors similarity searches. See `FaissIVFIndex` and `SecondaryIndex` for more details. Note: the FAISS integration currently requires using the BUCK build.
* Add new DB property `num_running_compaction_sorted_runs` that tracks the number of sorted runs being processed by currently running compactions
* Experimental feature: added support for simple secondary indices that index the specified column as-is. See `SimpleSecondaryIndex` and `SecondaryIndex` for more details.
* Added new `TransactionDBOptions::txn_commit_bypass_memtable_threshold`, which enables optimized transaction commit (see `TransactionOptions::commit_bypass_memtable`) when the transaction size exceeds a configured threshold.

### Public API Changes
* Updated the query API of the experimental secondary indexing feature by removing the earlier `SecondaryIndex::NewIterator` virtual and adding a `SecondaryIndexIterator` class that can be utilized by applications to find the primary keys for a given search target.
* Added back the ability to leverage the primary key when building secondary index entries. This involved changes to the signatures of `SecondaryIndex::GetSecondary{KeyPrefix,Value}` as well as the addition of a new method `SecondaryIndex::FinalizeSecondaryKeyPrefix`. See the API comments for more details.
* Minimum supported version of ZSTD is now 1.4.0, for code simplification. Obsolete `CompressionType` `kZSTDNotFinalCompression` is also removed.

### Behavior Changes
* `VerifyBackup` in `verify_with_checksum`=`true` mode will now evaluate checksums in parallel. As a result, unlike in case of original implementation, the API won't bail out on a very first corruption / mismatch and instead will iterate over all the backup files logging success / _degree_of_failure_ for each.
* Reversed the order of updates to the same key in WriteBatchWithIndex. This means if there are multiple updates to the same key, the most recent update is ordered first. This affects the output of WBWIIterator. When WriteBatchWithIndex is created with `overwrite_key=true`, this affects the output only if Merge is used (#13387).
* Added support for Merge operations in transactions using option `TransactionOptions::commit_bypass_memtable`.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed GetMergeOperands() API in ReadOnlyDB and SecondaryDB
* Fix a bug in `GetMergeOperands()` that can return incorrect status (MergeInProgress) and incorrect number of merge operands. This can happen when `GetMergeOperandsOptions::continue_cb` is set, both active and immutable memtables have merge operands and the callback stops the look up at the immutable memtable.

## 9.11.0 (01/17/2025)
### New Features
* Introduce CancelAwaitingJobs() in CompactionService interface which will allow users to implement cancellation of running remote compactions from the primary instance
* Experimental feature: RocksDB now supports defining secondary indices, which are automatically maintained by the storage engine. Secondary indices provide a new customization point: applications can provide their own by implementing the new `SecondaryIndex` interface. See the `SecondaryIndex` API comments for more details. Note: this feature is currently only available in conjunction with write-committed pessimistic transactions, and `Merge` is not yet supported.
* Provide a new option `track_and_verify_wals` to track and verify various information about WAL during WAL recovery. This is intended to be a better replacement to `track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest`.

### Public API Changes
* Add `io_buffer_size` to BackupEngineOptions to enable optimal configuration of IO size
* Clean up all the references to `random_access_max_buffer_size`, related rules and all the clients wrappers. This option has been officially deprecated in 5.4.0.
* Add `file_ingestion_nanos` and `file_ingestion_blocking_live_writes_nanos` in PerfContext to observe file ingestions
* Offer new DB::Open and variants that use `std::unique_ptr<DB>*` output parameters and deprecate the old versions that use `DB**` output parameters.
* The DB::DeleteFile API is officially deprecated.

### Behavior Changes
* For leveled compaction, manual compaction (CompactRange()) will be more strict about keeping compaction size under `max_compaction_bytes`. This prevents overly large compactions in some cases (#13306).
* Experimental tiering options `preclude_last_level_data_seconds` and `preserve_internal_time_seconds` are now mutable with `SetOptions()`. Some changes to handling of these features along with long-lived snapshots and range deletes made this possible.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a longstanding major bug with SetOptions() in which setting changes can be quietly reverted.

## 9.10.0 (12/12/2024)
### New Features
* Introduce `TransactionOptions::commit_bypass_memtable` to enable transaction commit to bypass memtable insertions. This can be beneficial for transactions with many operations, as it reduces commit time that is mostly spent on memtable insertion.

### Public API Changes
* Deprecated Remote Compaction APIs (StartV2, WaitForCompleteV2) are completely removed from the codebase

### Behavior Changes
* DB::KeyMayExist() now follows its function comment, which means `value` parameter can be null, and it will be set only if `value_found` is passed in.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix the issue where compaction incorrectly drops a key when there is a snapshot with a sequence number of zero.
* Honor ConfigOptions.ignore_unknown_options in ParseStruct()

### Performance Improvements
* Enable reuse of file system allocated buffer for synchronous prefetching.
* In buffered IO mode, try to align writes on power of 2 if checksum handoff is not enabled for the file type being written.

## 9.9.0 (11/18/2024)
### New Features
* Multi-Column-Family-Iterator (CoalescingIterator/AttributeGroupIterator) is no longer marked as experimental
* Adds a new table property "rocksdb.newest.key.time" which records the unix timestamp of the newest key. Uses this table property for FIFO TTL and temperature change compaction.

### Public API Changes
* Added a new API `Transaction::GetAttributeGroupIterator` that can be used to create a multi-column-family attribute group iterator over the specified column families, including the data from both the transaction and the underlying database. This API is currently supported for optimistic and write-committed pessimistic transactions.
* Added a new API `Transaction::GetCoalescingIterator` that can be used to create a multi-column-family coalescing iterator over the specified column families, including the data from both the transaction and the underlying database. This API is currently supported for optimistic and write-committed pessimistic transactions.

### Behavior Changes
* `BaseDeltaIterator` now honors the read option `allow_unprepared_value`.

### Bug Fixes
* `BaseDeltaIterator` now calls `PrepareValue` on the base iterator in case it has been created with the `allow_unprepared_value` read option set. Earlier, such base iterators could lead to incorrect values being exposed from `BaseDeltaIterator`.
* Fix a leak of obsolete blob files left open until DB::Close(). This bug was introduced in version 9.4.0.
* Fix missing cases of corruption retry during DB open and read API processing.
* Fix a bug for transaction db with 2pc where an old WAL may be retained longer than needed (#13127).
* Fix leaks of some open SST files (until `DB::Close()`) that are written but never become live due to various failures. (We now have a check for such leaks with no outstanding issues.)
* Fix a bug for replaying WALs for WriteCommitted transaction DB when its user-defined timestamps setting is toggled on/off between DB sessions.

### Performance Improvements
* Fix regression in issue #12038 due to `Options::compaction_readahead_size` greater than `max_sectors_kb` (i.e, largest I/O size that the OS issues to a block device defined in linux)

## 9.8.0 (10/25/2024)
### New Features
* All non-`block_cache` options in `BlockBasedTableOptions` are now mutable with `DB::SetOptions()`. See also Bug Fixes below.
* When using iterators with BlobDB, it is now possible to load large values on an on-demand basis, i.e. only if they are actually needed by the application. This can save I/O in use cases where the values associated with certain keys are not needed. For more details, see the new read option `allow_unprepared_value` and the iterator API `PrepareValue`.
* Add a new file ingestion option `IngestExternalFileOptions::fill_cache` to support not adding blocks from ingested files into block cache during file ingestion.
* The option `allow_unprepared_value` is now also supported for multi-column-family iterators (i.e. `CoalescingIterator` and `AttributeGroupIterator`).
* When a file with just one range deletion (standalone range deletion file) is ingested via bulk loading, it will be marked for compaction. During compaction, this type of files can be used to directly filter out some input files that are not protected by any snapshots and completely deleted by the standalone range deletion file.

### Behavior Changes
* During file ingestion, overlapping files level assignment are done in multiple batches, so that they can potentially be assigned to lower levels other than always land on L0.
* OPTIONS file to be loaded by remote worker is now preserved so that it does not get purged by the primary host. A similar technique as how we are preserving new SST files from getting purged is used for this. min_options_file_numbers_ is tracked like pending_outputs_ is tracked.
* Trim readahead_size during scans so data blocks containing keys that are not in the same prefix as the seek key in `Seek()` are not prefetched when `ReadOptions::auto_readahead_size=true` (default value) and `ReadOptions::prefix_same_as_start = true`
* Assigning levels for external files are done in the same way for universal compaction and leveled compaction. The old behavior tends to assign files to L0 while the new behavior will assign the files to the lowest level possible.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a longstanding race condition in SetOptions for `block_based_table_factory` options. The fix has some subtle behavior changes because of copying and replacing the TableFactory on a change with SetOptions, including requiring an Iterator::Refresh() for an existing Iterator to use the latest options.
* Fix under counting of allocated memory in the compressed secondary cache due to looking at the compressed block size rather than the actual memory allocated, which could be larger due to internal fragmentation.
* `GetApproximateMemTableStats()` could return disastrously bad estimates 5-25% of the time. The function has been re-engineered to return much better estimates with similar CPU cost.
* Skip insertion of compressed blocks in the secondary cache if the lowest_used_cache_tier DB option is kVolatileTier.
* Fix an issue in level compaction where a small CF with small compaction debt can cause the DB to allow parallel compactions. (#13054)
* Several DB option settings could be lost through `GetOptionsFromString()`, possibly elsewhere as well. Affected options, now fixed:`background_close_inactive_wals`, `write_dbid_to_manifest`, `write_identity_file`, `prefix_seek_opt_in_only`

## 9.7.0 (09/20/2024)
### New Features
* Make Cache a customizable class that can be instantiated by the object registry.
* Add new option `prefix_seek_opt_in_only` that makes iterators generally safer when you might set a `prefix_extractor`. When `prefix_seek_opt_in_only=true`, which is expected to be the future default, prefix seek is only used when `prefix_same_as_start` or `auto_prefix_mode` are set. Also, `prefix_same_as_start` and `auto_prefix_mode` now allow prefix filtering even with `total_order_seek=true`.
* Add a new table property "rocksdb.key.largest.seqno" which records the largest sequence number of all keys in file. It is verified to be zero during SST file ingestion.

### Behavior Changes
* Changed the semantics of the BlobDB configuration option `blob_garbage_collection_force_threshold` to define a threshold for the overall garbage ratio of all blob files currently eligible for garbage collection (according to `blob_garbage_collection_age_cutoff`). This can provide better control over space amplification at the cost of slightly higher write amplification.
* Set `write_dbid_to_manifest=true` by default. This means DB ID will now be preserved through backups, checkpoints, etc. by default. Also add `write_identity_file` option which can be set to false for anticipated future behavior.
* In FIFO compaction, compactions for changing file temperature (configured by option `file_temperature_age_thresholds`) will compact one file at a time, instead of merging multiple eligible file together (#13018).
* Support ingesting db generated files using hard link, i.e. IngestExternalFileOptions::move_files/link_files and IngestExternalFileOptions::allow_db_generated_files.
* Add a new file ingestion option `IngestExternalFileOptions::link_files` to hard link input files and preserve original files links after ingestion.
* DB::Close now untracks files in SstFileManager, making available any space used
by them. Prior to this change they would be orphaned until the DB is re-opened.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in CompactRange() where result files may not be compacted in any future compaction. This can only happen when users configure CompactRangeOptions::change_level to true and the change level step of manual compaction fails (#13009).
* Fix handling of dynamic change of `prefix_extractor` with memtable prefix filter. Previously, prefix seek could mix different prefix interpretations between memtable and SST files. Now the latest `prefix_extractor` at the time of iterator creation or refresh is respected.
* Fix a bug with manual_wal_flush and auto error recovery from WAL failure that may cause CFs to be inconsistent (#12995). The fix will set potential WAL write failure as fatal error when manual_wal_flush is true, and disables auto error recovery from these errors.

## 9.6.0 (08/19/2024)
### New Features
* Best efforts recovery supports recovering to incomplete Version with a clean seqno cut that presents a valid point in time view from the user's perspective, if versioning history doesn't include atomic flush.
* New option `BlockBasedTableOptions::decouple_partitioned_filters` should improve efficiency in serving read queries because filter and index partitions can consistently target the configured `metadata_block_size`. This option is currently opt-in.
* Introduce a new mutable CF option `paranoid_memory_checks`. It enables additional validation on data integrity during reads/scanning. Currently, skip list based memtable will validate key ordering during look up and scans.

### Public API Changes
* Add ticker stats to count file read retries due to checksum mismatch
* Adds optional installation callback function for remote compaction

### Behavior Changes
* There may be less intra-L0 compaction triggered by total L0 size being too small. We now use compensated file size (tombstones are assigned some value size) when calculating L0 size and reduce the threshold for L0 size limit. This is to avoid accumulating too much data/tombstones in L0.

### Bug Fixes
* Make DestroyDB supports slow deletion when it's configured in `SstFileManager`. The slow deletion is subject to the configured `rate_bytes_per_sec`, but not subject to the `max_trash_db_ratio`.
* Fixed a bug where we set unprep_seqs_ even when WriteImpl() fails. This was caught by stress test write fault injection in WriteImpl(). This may have incorrectly caused iteration creation failure for unvalidated writes or returned wrong result for WriteUnpreparedTxn::GetUnpreparedSequenceNumbers().
* Fixed a bug where successful write right after error recovery for last failed write finishes causes duplicate WAL entries
* Fixed a data race involving the background error status in `unordered_write` mode.
* Fix a bug where file snapshot functions like backup, checkpoint may attempt to copy a non-existing manifest file. #12882
* Fix a bug where per kv checksum corruption may be ignored in MultiGet().
* Fix a race condition in pessimistic transactions that could allow multiple transactions with the same name to be registered simultaneously, resulting in a crash or other unpredictable behavior.

## 9.5.0 (07/19/2024)
### Public API Changes
* Introduced new C API function rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf for column family-aware iteration over the contents of a WriteBatch
* Add support to ingest SST files generated by a DB instead of SstFileWriter. This can be enabled with experimental option `IngestExternalFileOptions::allow_db_generated_files`.

### Behavior Changes
* When calculating total log size for the `log_size_for_flush` argument in `CreateCheckpoint` API, the size of the archived log will not be included to avoid unnecessary flush

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a major bug in which an iterator using prefix filtering and SeekForPrev might miss data when the DB is using `whole_key_filtering=false` and `partition_filters=true`.
* Fixed a bug where `OnErrorRecoveryBegin()` is not called before auto recovery starts.
* Fixed a bug where event listener reads ErrorHandler's `bg_error_` member without holding db mutex(#12803).
* Fixed a bug in handling MANIFEST write error that caused the latest valid MANIFEST file to get deleted, resulting in the DB being unopenable.
* Fixed a race between error recovery due to manifest sync or write failure and external SST file ingestion. Both attempt to write a new manifest file, which causes an assertion failure.

### Performance Improvements
* Fix an issue where compactions were opening table files and reading table properties while holding db mutex_.
* Reduce unnecessary filesystem queries and DB mutex acquires in creating backups and checkpoints.

## 9.4.0 (06/23/2024)
### New Features
* Added a `CompactForTieringCollectorFactory` to auto trigger compaction for tiering use case.
* Optimistic transactions and pessimistic transactions with the WriteCommitted policy now support the `GetEntityForUpdate` API.
* Added a new "count" command to the ldb repl shell. By default, it prints a count of keys in the database from start to end. The options --from=<key> and/or --to=<key> can be specified to limit the range.
* Add `rocksdb_writebatch_update_timestamps`, `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_update_timestamps` in C API.
* Add `rocksdb_iter_refresh` in C API.
* Add `rocksdb_writebatch_create_with_params`, `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_with_params` to create WB and WBWI with all options in C API

### Public API Changes
* Deprecated names `LogFile` and `VectorLogPtr` in favor of new names `WalFile` and `VectorWalPtr`.
* Introduce a new universal compaction option CompactionOptionsUniversal::max_read_amp which allows user to define the limit on the number of sorted runs separately from the trigger for compaction (`level0_file_num_compaction_trigger`) #12477.

### Behavior Changes
* Inactive WALs are immediately closed upon being fully sync-ed rather than in a background thread. This is to ensure LinkFile() is not called on files still open for write, which might not be supported by some FileSystem implementations. This should not be a performance issue, but an opt-out is available with with new DB option `background_close_inactive_wals`.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a rare case in which a hard-linked WAL in a Checkpoint is not fully synced (so might lose data on power loss).
* Fixed the output of the `ldb dump_wal` command for `PutEntity` records so it prints the key and correctly resets the hexadecimal formatting flag after printing the wide-column entity.
* Fixed an issue where `PutEntity` records were handled incorrectly while rebuilding transactions during recovery.
* Various read operations could ignore various ReadOptions that might be relevant. Fixed many such cases, which can result in behavior change but a better reflection of specified options.

### Performance Improvements
* Improved write throughput to memtable when there's a large number of concurrent writers and allow_concurrent_memtable_write=true(#12545)

## 9.3.0 (05/17/2024)
### New Features
* Optimistic transactions and pessimistic transactions with the WriteCommitted policy now support the `GetEntity` API.
* Added new `Iterator` property, "rocksdb.iterator.is-value-pinned", for checking whether the `Slice` returned by `Iterator::value()` can be used until the `Iterator` is destroyed.
* Optimistic transactions and WriteCommitted pessimistic transactions now support the `MultiGetEntity` API.
* Optimistic transactions and pessimistic transactions with the WriteCommitted policy now support the `PutEntity` API. Support for read APIs and other write policies (WritePrepared, WriteUnprepared) will be added later.

### Public API Changes
* Exposed block based metadata cache options via C API
* Exposed compaction pri via c api.
* Add a kAdmPolicyAllowAll option to TieredAdmissionPolicy that admits all blocks evicted from the primary block cache into the compressed secondary cache.

### Behavior Changes
* CompactRange() with change_level=true on a CF with FIFO compaction will return Status::NotSupported().
* External file ingestion with FIFO compaction will always ingest to L0.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug for databases using `DBOptions::allow_2pc == true` (all `TransactionDB`s except `OptimisticTransactionDB`) that have exactly one column family. Due to a missing WAL sync, attempting to open the DB could have returned a `Status::Corruption` with a message like "SST file is ahead of WALs".
* Fix a bug in CreateColumnFamilyWithImport() where if multiple CFs are imported, we were not resetting files' epoch number and L0 files can have overlapping key range but the same epoch number.
* Fixed race conditions when `ColumnFamilyOptions::inplace_update_support == true` between user overwrites and reads on the same key.
* Fix a bug where `CompactFiles()` can compact files of range conflict with other ongoing compactions' when `preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0` is used
* Fixed a false positive `Status::Corruption` reported when reopening a DB that used `DBOptions::recycle_log_file_num > 0` and `DBOptions::wal_compression != kNoCompression`.
* While WAL is locked with LockWAL(), some operations like Flush() and IngestExternalFile() are now blocked as they should have been.
* Fixed a bug causing stale memory access when using the TieredSecondaryCache with an NVM secondary cache, and a file system that supports return an FS allocated buffer for MultiRead (FSSupportedOps::kFSBuffer is set).

## 9.2.0 (05/01/2024)
### New Features
* Added two options `deadline` and `max_size_bytes` for CacheDumper to exit early
* Added a new API `GetEntityFromBatchAndDB` to `WriteBatchWithIndex` that can be used for wide-column point lookups with read-your-own-writes consistency. Similarly to `GetFromBatchAndDB`, the API can combine data from the write batch with data from the underlying database if needed. See the API comments for more details.
* [Experimental] Introduce two new cross-column-family iterators - CoalescingIterator and AttributeGroupIterator. The CoalescingIterator enables users to iterate over multiple column families and access their values and columns. During this iteration, if the same key exists in more than one column family, the keys in the later column family will overshadow the previous ones. The AttributeGroupIterator allows users to gather wide columns per Column Family and create attribute groups while iterating over keys across all CFs.
* Added a new API `MultiGetEntityFromBatchAndDB` to `WriteBatchWithIndex` that can be used for batched wide-column point lookups with read-your-own-writes consistency. Similarly to `MultiGetFromBatchAndDB`, the API can combine data from the write batch with data from the underlying database if needed. See the API comments for more details.
* Adds a `SstFileReader::NewTableIterator` API to support programmatically read a SST file as a raw table file.
* Add an option to `WaitForCompactOptions` - `wait_for_purge` to make `WaitForCompact()` API wait for background purge to complete

### Public API Changes
* DeleteRange() will return NotSupported() if row_cache is configured since they don't work together in some cases.
* Deprecated `CompactionOptions::compression` since `CompactionOptions`'s API for configuring compression was incomplete, unsafe, and likely unnecessary
* Using `OptionChangeMigration()` to migrate from non-FIFO to FIFO compaction
with `Options::compaction_options_fifo.max_table_files_size` > 0 can cause
the whole DB to be dropped right after migration if the migrated data is larger than
`max_table_files_size`

### Behavior Changes
* Enabling `BlockBasedTableOptions::block_align` is now incompatible (i.e., APIs will return `Status::InvalidArgument`) with more ways of enabling compression: `CompactionOptions::compression`, `ColumnFamilyOptions::compression_per_level`, and `ColumnFamilyOptions::bottommost_compression`.
* Changed the default value of `CompactionOptions::compression` to `kDisableCompressionOption`, which means the compression type is determined by the `ColumnFamilyOptions`.
* `BlockBasedTableOptions::optimize_filters_for_memory` is now set to true by default. When `partition_filters=false`, this could lead to somewhat increased average RSS memory usage by the block cache, but this "extra" usage is within the allowed memory budget and should make memory usage more consistent (by minimizing internal fragmentation for more kinds of blocks).
* Dump all keys for cache dumper impl if `SetDumpFilter()` is not called
* `CompactRange()` with `CompactRangeOptions::change_level = true` and `CompactRangeOptions::target_level = 0` that ends up moving more than 1 file from non-L0 to L0 will return `Status::Aborted()`.
* On distributed file systems that support file system level checksum verification and reconstruction reads, RocksDB will now retry a file read if the initial read fails RocksDB block level or record level checksum verification. This applies to MANIFEST file reads when the DB is opened, and to SST file reads at all times.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug causing `VerifyFileChecksums()` to return false-positive corruption under `BlockBasedTableOptions::block_align=true`
* Provide consistent view of the database across the column families for `NewIterators()` API.
* Fixed feature interaction bug for `DeleteRange()` together with `ColumnFamilyOptions::memtable_insert_with_hint_prefix_extractor`. The impact of this bug would likely be corruption or crashing.
* Fixed hang in `DisableManualCompactions()` where compactions waiting to be scheduled due to conflicts would not be canceled promptly
* Fixed a regression when `ColumnFamilyOptions::max_successive_merges > 0` where the CPU overhead for deciding whether to merge could have increased unless the user had set the option `ColumnFamilyOptions::strict_max_successive_merges`
* Fixed a bug in `MultiGet()` and `MultiGetEntity()` together with blob files (`ColumnFamilyOptions::enable_blob_files == true`). An error looking up one of the keys could cause the results to be wrong for other keys for which the statuses were `Status::OK`.
* Fixed a bug where wrong padded bytes are used to generate file checksum and `DataVerificationInfo::checksum` upon file creation
* Correctly implemented the move semantics of `PinnableWideColumns`.
* Fixed a bug when the recycle_log_file_num in DBOptions is changed from 0 to non-zero when a DB is reopened. On a subsequent reopen, if a log file created when recycle_log_file_num==0 was reused previously, is alive and is empty, we could end up inserting stale WAL records into the memtable.
* Fix a bug where obsolete files' deletion during DB::Open are not rate limited with `SstFilemManager`'s slow deletion feature even if it's configured.

## 9.1.0 (03/22/2024)
### New Features
* Added an option, `GetMergeOperandsOptions::continue_cb`, to give users the ability to end `GetMergeOperands()`'s lookup process before all merge operands were found.
* Add sanity checks for ingesting external files that currently checks if the user key comparator used to create the file is compatible with the column family's user key comparator.
*Support ingesting external files for column family that has user-defined timestamps in memtable only enabled.
* On file systems that support storage level data checksum and reconstruction, retry SST block reads for point lookups, scans, and flush and compaction if there's a checksum mismatch on the initial read.
* Some enhancements and fixes to experimental Temperature handling features, including new `default_write_temperature` CF option and opening an `SstFileWriter` with a temperature.
* `WriteBatchWithIndex` now supports wide-column point lookups via the `GetEntityFromBatch` API. See the API comments for more details.
* Implement experimental features: API `Iterator::GetProperty("rocksdb.iterator.write-time")` to allow users to get data's approximate write unix time and write data with a specific write time via `WriteBatch::TimedPut` API.

### Public API Changes
* Best-effort recovery (`best_efforts_recovery == true`) may now be used together with atomic flush (`atomic_flush == true`). The all-or-nothing recovery guarantee for atomically flushed data will be upheld.
* Remove deprecated option `bottommost_temperature`, already replaced by `last_level_temperature`
* Added new PerfContext counters for block cache bytes read - block_cache_index_read_byte, block_cache_filter_read_byte, block_cache_compression_dict_read_byte, and block_cache_read_byte.
* Deprecate experimental Remote Compaction APIs - StartV2() and WaitForCompleteV2() and introduce Schedule() and Wait(). The new APIs essentially does the same thing as the old APIs. They allow taking externally generated unique id to wait for remote compaction to complete.
* For API `WriteCommittedTransaction::GetForUpdate`, if the column family enables user-defined timestamp, it was mandated that argument `do_validate` cannot be false, and UDT based validation has to be done with a user set read timestamp. It's updated to make the UDT based validation optional if user sets `do_validate` to false and does not set a read timestamp. With this, `GetForUpdate` skips UDT based validation and it's users' responsibility to enforce the UDT invariant. SO DO NOT skip this UDT-based validation if users do not have ways to enforce the UDT invariant. Ways to enforce the invariant on the users side include manage a monotonically increasing timestamp, commit transactions in a single thread etc.
* Defined a new PerfLevel `kEnableWait` to measure time spent by user threads blocked in RocksDB other than mutex, such as a write thread waiting to be added to a write group, a write thread delayed or stalled etc.
* `RateLimiter`'s API no longer requires the burst size to be the refill size. Users of `NewGenericRateLimiter()` can now provide burst size in `single_burst_bytes`. Implementors of `RateLimiter::SetSingleBurstBytes()` need to adapt their implementations to match the changed API doc.
* Add `write_memtable_time` to the newly introduced PerfLevel `kEnableWait`.

### Behavior Changes
* `RateLimiter`s created by `NewGenericRateLimiter()` no longer modify the refill period when `SetSingleBurstBytes()` is called.
* Merge writes will only keep merge operand count within `ColumnFamilyOptions::max_successive_merges` when the key's merge operands are all found in memory, unless `strict_max_successive_merges` is explicitly set.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed `kBlockCacheTier` reads to return `Status::Incomplete` when I/O is needed to fetch a merge chain's base value from a blob file.
* Fixed `kBlockCacheTier` reads to return `Status::Incomplete` on table cache miss rather than incorrectly returning an empty value.
* Fixed a data race in WalManager that may affect how frequent PurgeObsoleteWALFiles() runs.
* Re-enable the recycle_log_file_num option in DBOptions for kPointInTimeRecovery WAL recovery mode, which was previously disabled due to a bug in the recovery logic. This option is incompatible with WriteOptions::disableWAL. A Status::InvalidArgument() will be returned if disableWAL is specified.

### Performance Improvements
* Java API `multiGet()` variants now take advantage of the underlying batched `multiGet()` performance improvements.
Before
```
Benchmark (columnFamilyTestType) (keyCount) (keySize) (multiGetSize) (valueSize) Mode Cnt Score Error Units
MultiGetBenchmarks.multiGetList10 no_column_family 10000 16 100 64 thrpt 25 6315.541 ± 8.106 ops/s
MultiGetBenchmarks.multiGetList10 no_column_family 10000 16 100 1024 thrpt 25 6975.468 ± 68.964 ops/s
```
After
```
Benchmark (columnFamilyTestType) (keyCount) (keySize) (multiGetSize) (valueSize) Mode Cnt Score Error Units
MultiGetBenchmarks.multiGetList10 no_column_family 10000 16 100 64 thrpt 25 7046.739 ± 13.299 ops/s
MultiGetBenchmarks.multiGetList10 no_column_family 10000 16 100 1024 thrpt 25 7654.521 ± 60.121 ops/s
```

## 9.0.0 (02/16/2024)
### New Features
* Provide support for FSBuffer for point lookups. Also added support for scans and compactions that don't go through prefetching.
* Make `SstFileWriter` create SST files without persisting user defined timestamps when the `Option.persist_user_defined_timestamps` flag is set to false.
* Add support for user-defined timestamps in APIs `DeleteFilesInRanges` and `GetPropertiesOfTablesInRange`.
* Mark wal\_compression feature as production-ready. Currently only compatible with ZSTD compression.

### Public API Changes
* Allow setting Stderr logger via C API
* Declare one Get and one MultiGet variant as pure virtual, and make all the other variants non-overridable. The methods required to be implemented by derived classes of DB allow returning timestamps. It is up to the implementation to check and return an error if timestamps are not supported. The non-batched MultiGet APIs are reimplemented in terms of batched MultiGet, so callers might see a performance improvement.
* Exposed mode option to Rate Limiter via c api.
* Removed deprecated option `access_hint_on_compaction_start`
* Removed deprecated option `ColumnFamilyOptions::check_flush_compaction_key_order`
* Remove the default `WritableFile::GetFileSize` and `FSWritableFile::GetFileSize` implementation that returns 0 and make it pure virtual, so that subclasses are enforced to explicitly provide an implementation.
* Removed deprecated option `ColumnFamilyOptions::level_compaction_dynamic_file_size`
* Removed tickers with typos "rocksdb.error.handler.bg.error.count", "rocksdb.error.handler.bg.io.error.count", "rocksdb.error.handler.bg.retryable.io.error.count".
* Remove the force mode for `EnableFileDeletions` API because it is unsafe with no known legitimate use.
* Removed deprecated option `ColumnFamilyOptions::ignore_max_compaction_bytes_for_input`
* `sst_dump --command=check` now compares the number of records in a table with `num_entries` in table property, and reports corruption if there is a mismatch. API `SstFileDumper::ReadSequential()` is updated to optionally do this verification. (#12322)

### Behavior Changes
* format\_version=6 is the new default setting in BlockBasedTableOptions, for more robust data integrity checking. DBs and SST files written with this setting cannot be read by RocksDB versions before 8.6.0.
* Compactions can be scheduled in parallel in an additional scenario: multiple files are marked for compaction within a single column family
* For leveled compaction, RocksDB will try to do intra-L0 compaction if the total L0 size is small compared to Lbase (#12214). Users with atomic_flush=true are more likely to see the impact of this change.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a data race in `DBImpl::RenameTempFileToOptionsFile`.
* Fix some perf context statistics error in write steps. which include missing write_memtable_time in unordered_write. missing write_memtable_time in PipelineWrite when Writer stat is STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER. missing write_delay_time when calling DelayWrite in WriteImplWALOnly function.
* Fixed a bug that can, under rare circumstances, cause MultiGet to return an incorrect result for a duplicate key in a MultiGet batch.
* Fix a bug where older data of an ingested key can be returned for read when universal compaction is used

## 8.11.0 (01/19/2024)
### New Features
* Add new statistics: `rocksdb.sst.write.micros` measures time of each write to SST file; `rocksdb.file.write.{flush|compaction|db.open}.micros` measure time of each write to SST table (currently only block-based table format) and blob file for flush, compaction and db open.

### Public API Changes
* Added another enumerator `kVerify` to enum class `FileOperationType` in listener.h. Update your `switch` statements as needed.
* Add CompressionOptions to the CompressedSecondaryCacheOptions structure to allow users to specify library specific options when creating the compressed secondary cache.
* Deprecated several options: `level_compaction_dynamic_file_size`, `ignore_max_compaction_bytes_for_input`, `check_flush_compaction_key_order`, `flush_verify_memtable_count`, `compaction_verify_record_count`, `fail_if_options_file_error`, and `enforce_single_del_contracts`
* Exposed options ttl via c api.

### Behavior Changes
* `rocksdb.blobdb.blob.file.write.micros` expands to also measure time writing the header and footer. Therefore the COUNT may be higher and values may be smaller than before. For stacked BlobDB, it no longer measures the time of explicitly flushing blob file.
* Files will be compacted to the next level if the data age exceeds periodic_compaction_seconds except for the last level.
* Reduced the compaction debt ratio trigger for scheduling parallel compactions
* For leveled compaction with default compaction pri (kMinOverlappingRatio), files marked for compaction will be prioritized over files not marked when picking a file from a level for compaction.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix bug in auto_readahead_size that combined with IndexType::kBinarySearchWithFirstKey + fails or iterator lands at a wrong key
* Fixed some cases in which DB file corruption was detected but ignored on creating a backup with BackupEngine.
* Fix bugs where `rocksdb.blobdb.blob.file.synced` includes blob files failed to get synced and `rocksdb.blobdb.blob.file.bytes.written` includes blob bytes failed to get written.
* Fixed a possible memory leak or crash on a failure (such as I/O error) in automatic atomic flush of multiple column families.
* Fixed some cases of in-memory data corruption using mmap reads with `BackupEngine`, `sst_dump`, or `ldb`.
* Fixed issues with experimental `preclude_last_level_data_seconds` option that could interfere with expected data tiering.
* Fixed the handling of the edge case when all existing blob files become unreferenced. Such files are now correctly deleted.

## 8.10.0 (12/15/2023)
### New Features
* Provide support for async_io to trim readahead_size by doing block cache lookup
* Added initial wide-column support in `WriteBatchWithIndex`. This includes the `PutEntity` API and support for wide columns in the existing read APIs (`GetFromBatch`, `GetFromBatchAndDB`, `MultiGetFromBatchAndDB`, and `BaseDeltaIterator`).

### Public API Changes
* Custom implementations of `TablePropertiesCollectorFactory` may now return a `nullptr` collector to decline processing a file, reducing callback overheads in such cases.

### Behavior Changes
* Make ReadOptions.auto_readahead_size default true which does prefetching optimizations for forward scans if iterate_upper_bound and block_cache is also specified.
* Compactions can be scheduled in parallel in an additional scenario: high compaction debt relative to the data size
* HyperClockCache now has built-in protection against excessive CPU consumption under the extreme stress condition of no (or very few) evictable cache entries, which can slightly increase memory usage such conditions. New option `HyperClockCacheOptions::eviction_effort_cap` controls the space-time trade-off of the response. The default should be generally well-balanced, with no measurable affect on normal operation.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a corner case with auto_readahead_size where Prev Operation returns NOT SUPPORTED error when scans direction is changed from forward to backward.
* Avoid destroying the periodic task scheduler's default timer in order to prevent static destruction order issues.
* Fix double counting of BYTES_WRITTEN ticker when doing writes with transactions.
* Fix a WRITE_STALL counter that was reporting wrong value in few cases.
* A lookup by MultiGet in a TieredCache that goes to the local flash cache and finishes with very low latency, i.e before the subsequent call to WaitAll, is ignored, resulting in a false negative and a memory leak.

### Performance Improvements
* Java API extensions to improve consistency and completeness of APIs
1 Extended `RocksDB.get([ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle,] ReadOptions opt, ByteBuffer key, ByteBuffer value)` which now accepts indirect buffer parameters as well as direct buffer parameters
2 Extended `RocksDB.put( [ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle,] WriteOptions writeOpts, final ByteBuffer key, final ByteBuffer value)` which now accepts indirect buffer parameters as well as direct buffer parameters
3 Added `RocksDB.merge([ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle,] WriteOptions writeOptions, ByteBuffer key, ByteBuffer value)` methods with the same parameter options as `put(...)` - direct and indirect buffers are supported
4 Added `RocksIterator.key( byte[] key [, int offset, int len])` methods which retrieve the iterator key into the supplied buffer
5 Added `RocksIterator.value( byte[] value [, int offset, int len])` methods which retrieve the iterator value into the supplied buffer
6 Deprecated `get(final ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle, final ReadOptions readOptions, byte[])` in favour of `get(final ReadOptions readOptions, final ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle, byte[])` which has consistent parameter ordering with other methods in the same class
7 Added `Transaction.get( ReadOptions opt, [ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle, ] byte[] key, byte[] value)` methods which retrieve the requested value into the supplied buffer
8 Added `Transaction.get( ReadOptions opt, [ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle, ] ByteBuffer key, ByteBuffer value)` methods which retrieve the requested value into the supplied buffer
9 Added `Transaction.getForUpdate( ReadOptions readOptions, [ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle, ] byte[] key, byte[] value, boolean exclusive [, boolean doValidate])` methods which retrieve the requested value into the supplied buffer
10 Added `Transaction.getForUpdate( ReadOptions readOptions, [ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle, ] ByteBuffer key, ByteBuffer value, boolean exclusive [, boolean doValidate])` methods which retrieve the requested value into the supplied buffer
11 Added `Transaction.getIterator()` method as a convenience which defaults the `ReadOptions` value supplied to existing `Transaction.iterator()` methods. This mirrors the existing `RocksDB.iterator()` method.
12 Added `Transaction.put([ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle, ]  ByteBuffer key, ByteBuffer value [, boolean assumeTracked])` methods which supply the key, and the value to be written in a `ByteBuffer` parameter
13 Added `Transaction.merge([ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle, ] ByteBuffer key, ByteBuffer value [,  boolean assumeTracked])` methods which supply the key, and the value to be written/merged in a `ByteBuffer` parameter
14 Added `Transaction.mergeUntracked([ColumnFamilyHandle columnFamilyHandle, ] ByteBuffer key, ByteBuffer value)` methods which supply the key, and the value to be written/merged in a `ByteBuffer` parameter


## 8.9.0 (11/17/2023)
### New Features
* Add GetEntity() and PutEntity() API implementation for Attribute Group support. Through the use of Column Families, AttributeGroup enables users to logically group wide-column entities.

### Public API Changes
* Added rocksdb_ratelimiter_create_auto_tuned API to create an auto-tuned GenericRateLimiter.
* Added clipColumnFamily() to the Java API to clip the entries in the CF according to the range [begin_key, end_key).
* Make the `EnableFileDeletion` API not default to force enabling. For users that rely on this default behavior and still
want to continue to use force enabling, they need to explicitly pass a `true` to `EnableFileDeletion`.
* Add new Cache APIs GetSecondaryCacheCapacity() and GetSecondaryCachePinnedUsage() to return the configured capacity, and cache reservation charged to the secondary cache.

### Behavior Changes
* During off-peak hours defined by `daily_offpeak_time_utc`, the compaction picker will select a larger number of files for periodic compaction. This selection will include files that are projected to expire by the next off-peak start time, ensuring that these files are not chosen for periodic compaction outside of off-peak hours.
* If an error occurs when writing to a trace file after `DB::StartTrace()`, the subsequent trace writes are skipped to avoid writing to a file that has previously seen error. In this case, `DB::EndTrace()` will also return a non-ok status with info about the error occurred previously in its status message.
* Deleting stale files upon recovery are delegated to SstFileManger if available so they can be rate limited.
* Make RocksDB only call `TablePropertiesCollector::Finish()` once.
* When `WAL_ttl_seconds > 0`, we now process archived WALs for deletion at least every `WAL_ttl_seconds / 2` seconds. Previously it could be less frequent in case of small `WAL_ttl_seconds` values when size-based expiration (`WAL_size_limit_MB > 0 `) was simultaneously enabled.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a crash or assertion failure bug in experimental new HyperClockCache variant, especially when running with a SecondaryCache.
* Fix a race between flush error recovery and db destruction that can lead to db crashing.
* Fixed some bugs in the index builder/reader path for user-defined timestamps in Memtable only feature.

## 8.8.0 (10/23/2023)
### New Features
* Introduce AttributeGroup by adding the first AttributeGroup support API, MultiGetEntity(). Through the use of Column Families, AttributeGroup enables users to logically group wide-column entities. More APIs to support AttributeGroup will come soon, including GetEntity, PutEntity, and others.
* Added new tickers `rocksdb.fifo.{max.size|ttl}.compactions` to count FIFO compactions that drop files for different reasons
* Add an experimental offpeak duration awareness by setting `DBOptions::daily_offpeak_time_utc` in "HH:mm-HH:mm" format. This information will be used for resource optimization in the future
* Users can now change the max bytes granted in a single refill period (i.e, burst) during runtime by `SetSingleBurstBytes()` for RocksDB rate limiter

### Public API Changes
* The default value of `DBOptions::fail_if_options_file_error` changed from `false` to `true`. Operations that set in-memory options (e.g., `DB::Open*()`, `DB::SetOptions()`, `DB::CreateColumnFamily*()`, and `DB::DropColumnFamily()`) but fail to persist the change will now return a non-OK `Status` by default.

### Behavior Changes
* For non direct IO, eliminate the file system prefetching attempt for compaction read when `Options::compaction_readahead_size` is 0
* During a write stop, writes now block on in-progress recovery attempts

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in auto_readahead_size where first_internal_key of index blocks wasn't copied properly resulting in corruption error when first_internal_key was used for comparison.
* Fixed a bug where compaction read under non direct IO still falls back to RocksDB internal prefetching after file system's prefetching returns non-OK status other than `Status::NotSupported()`
* Add bounds check in WBWIIteratorImpl and make BaseDeltaIterator, WriteUnpreparedTxn and WritePreparedTxn respect the upper bound and lower bound in ReadOption. See 11680.
* Fixed the handling of wide-column base values in the `max_successive_merges` logic.
* Fixed a rare race bug involving a concurrent combination of Create/DropColumnFamily and/or Set(DB)Options that could lead to inconsistency between (a) the DB's reported options state, (b) the DB options in effect, and (c) the latest persisted OPTIONS file.
* Fixed a possible underflow when computing the compressed secondary cache share of memory reservations while updating the compressed secondary to total block cache ratio.

### Performance Improvements
* Improved the I/O efficiency of DB::Open a new DB with `create_missing_column_families=true` and many column families.

## 8.7.0 (09/22/2023)
### New Features
* Added an experimental new "automatic" variant of HyperClockCache that does not require a prior estimate of the average size of cache entries. This variant is activated when HyperClockCacheOptions::estimated\_entry\_charge = 0 and has essentially the same concurrency benefits as the existing HyperClockCache.
* Add a new statistic `COMPACTION_CPU_TOTAL_TIME` that records cumulative compaction cpu time. This ticker is updated regularly while a compaction is running.
* Add `GetEntity()` API for ReadOnly DB and Secondary DB.
* Add a new iterator API `Iterator::Refresh(const Snapshot *)` that allows iterator to be refreshed while using the input snapshot to read.
* Added a new read option `merge_operand_count_threshold`. When the number of merge operands applied during a successful point lookup exceeds this threshold, the query will return a special OK status with a new subcode `kMergeOperandThresholdExceeded`. Applications might use this signal to take action to reduce the number of merge operands for the affected key(s), for example by running a compaction.
* For `NewRibbonFilterPolicy()`, made the `bloom_before_level` option mutable through the Configurable interface and the SetOptions API, allowing dynamic switching between all-Bloom and all-Ribbon configurations, and configurations in between. See comments on `NewRibbonFilterPolicy()`
* RocksDB now allows the block cache to be stacked on top of a compressed secondary cache and a non-volatile secondary cache, thus creating a three-tier cache. To set it up, use the `NewTieredCache()` API in rocksdb/cache.h..
* Added a new wide-column aware full merge API called `FullMergeV3` to `MergeOperator`. `FullMergeV3` supports wide columns both as base value and merge result, which enables the application to perform more general transformations during merges. For backward compatibility, the default implementation implements the earlier logic of applying the merge operation to the default column of any wide-column entities. Specifically, if there is no base value or the base value is a plain key-value, the default implementation falls back to `FullMergeV2`. If the base value is a wide-column entity, the default implementation invokes `FullMergeV2` to perform the merge on the default column, and leaves any other columns unchanged.
* Add wide column support to ldb commands (scan, dump, idump, dump_wal) and sst_dump tool's scan command

### Public API Changes
* Expose more information about input files used in table creation (if any) in `CompactionFilter::Context`. See `CompactionFilter::Context::input_start_level`,`CompactionFilter::Context::input_table_properties` for more.
* `Options::compaction_readahead_size` 's default value is changed from 0 to 2MB.
* When using LZ4 compression, the `acceleration` parameter is configurable by setting the negated value in `CompressionOptions::level`. For example, `CompressionOptions::level=-10` will set `acceleration=10`
* The `NewTieredCache` API has been changed to take the total cache capacity (inclusive of both the primary and the compressed secondary cache) and the ratio of total capacity to allocate to the compressed cache. These are specified in `TieredCacheOptions`. Any capacity specified in `LRUCacheOptions`, `HyperClockCacheOptions` and `CompressedSecondaryCacheOptions` is ignored. A new API, `UpdateTieredCache` is provided to dynamically update the total capacity, ratio of compressed cache, and admission policy.
* The `NewTieredVolatileCache()` API in rocksdb/cache.h has been renamed to `NewTieredCache()`.

### Behavior Changes
* Compaction read performance will regress when `Options::compaction_readahead_size` is explicitly set to 0
* Universal size amp compaction will conditionally exclude some of the newest L0 files when selecting input with a small negative impact to size amp. This is to prevent a large number of L0 files from being locked by a size amp compaction, potentially leading to write stop with a few more flushes.
* Change ldb scan command delimiter from ':' to '==>'.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug where if there is an error reading from offset 0 of a file from L1+ and that the file is not the first file in the sorted run, data can be lost in compaction and read/scan can return incorrect results.
* Fix a bug where iterator may return incorrect result for DeleteRange() users if there was an error reading from a file.
* Fix a bug with atomic_flush=true that can cause DB to stuck after a flush fails (#11872).
* Fix a bug where RocksDB (with atomic_flush=false) can delete output SST files of pending flushes when a previous concurrent flush fails (#11865). This can result in DB entering read-only state with error message like `IO error: No such file or directory: While open a file for random read: /tmp/rocksdbtest-501/db_flush_test_87732_4230653031040984171/000013.sst`.
* Fix an assertion fault during seek with async_io when readahead trimming is enabled.
* When the compressed secondary cache capacity is reduced to 0, it should be completely disabled. Before this fix, inserts and lookups would still go to the backing `LRUCache` before returning, thus incurring locking overhead. With this fix, inserts and lookups are no-ops and do not add any overhead.
* Updating the tiered cache (cache allocated using NewTieredCache()) by calling SetCapacity() on it was not working properly. The initial creation would set the primary cache capacity to the combined primary and compressed secondary cache capacity. But SetCapacity() would just set the primary cache capacity. With this fix, the user always specifies the total budget and compressed secondary cache ratio on creation. Subsequently, SetCapacity() will distribute the new capacity across the two caches by the same ratio.
* Fixed a bug in `MultiGet` for cleaning up SuperVersion acquired with locking db mutex.
* Fix a bug where row cache can falsely return kNotFound even though row cache entry is hit.
* Fixed a race condition in `GenericRateLimiter` that could cause it to stop granting requests
* Fix a bug (Issue #10257) where DB can hang after write stall since no compaction is scheduled (#11764).
* Add a fix for async_io where during seek, when reading a block for seeking a target key in a file without any readahead, the iterator aligned the read on a page boundary and reading more than necessary. This increased the storage read bandwidth usage.
* Fix an issue in sst dump tool to handle bounds specified for data with user-defined timestamps.
* When auto_readahead_size is enabled, update readahead upper bound during readahead trimming when reseek changes iterate_upper_bound dynamically.
* Fixed a bug where `rocksdb.file.read.verify.file.checksums.micros` is not populated

### Performance Improvements
* Added additional improvements in tuning readahead_size during Scans when auto_readahead_size is enabled. However it's not supported with Iterator::Prev operation and will return NotSupported error.
* During async_io, the Seek happens in 2 phases. Phase 1 starts an asynchronous read on a block cache miss, and phase 2 waits for it to complete and finishes the seek. In both phases, it tries to lookup the block cache for the data block first before looking in the prefetch buffer. It's optimized by doing the block cache lookup only in the first phase that would save some CPU.

## 8.6.0 (08/18/2023)
### New Features
* Added enhanced data integrity checking on SST files with new format_version=6. Performance impact is very small or negligible. Previously if SST data was misplaced or re-arranged by the storage layer, it could pass block checksum with higher than 1 in 4 billion probability. With format_version=6, block checksums depend on what file they are in and location within the file. This way, misplaced SST data is no more likely to pass checksum verification than randomly corrupted data. Also in format_version=6, SST footers are checksum-protected.
* Add a new feature to trim readahead_size during scans upto upper_bound when iterate_upper_bound is specified. It's enabled through ReadOptions.auto_readahead_size. Users must also specify ReadOptions.iterate_upper_bound.
* RocksDB will compare the number of input keys to the number of keys processed after each compaction. Compaction will fail and report Corruption status if the verification fails. Option `compaction_verify_record_count` is introduced for this purpose and is enabled by default.
* Add a CF option `bottommost_file_compaction_delay` to allow specifying the delay of bottommost level single-file compactions.
* Add support to allow enabling / disabling user-defined timestamps feature for an existing column family in combination with the in-Memtable only feature.
* Implement a new admission policy for the compressed secondary cache that admits blocks evicted from the primary cache with the hit bit set. This policy can be specified in TieredVolatileCacheOptions by setting the newly added adm_policy option.
* Add a column family option `memtable_max_range_deletions` that limits the number of range deletions in a memtable. RocksDB will try to do an automatic flush after the limit is reached. (#11358)
* Add PutEntity API in sst_file_writer
* Add `timeout` in microsecond option to `WaitForCompactOptions` to allow timely termination of prolonged waiting in scenarios like recurring recoverable errors, such as out-of-space situations and continuous write streams that sustain ongoing flush and compactions
* New statistics `rocksdb.file.read.{get|multiget|db.iterator|verify.checksum|verify.file.checksums}.micros` measure read time of block-based SST tables or blob files during db open, `Get()`, `MultiGet()`, using db iterator, `VerifyFileChecksums()` and `VerifyChecksum()`. They require stats level greater than `StatsLevel::kExceptDetailedTimers`.
* Add close_db option to `WaitForCompactOptions` to call Close() after waiting is done.
* Add a new compression option `CompressionOptions::checksum` for enabling ZSTD's checksum feature to detect corruption during decompression.

### Public API Changes
* Mark `Options::access_hint_on_compaction_start` related APIs as deprecated. See #11631 for alternative behavior.

### Behavior Changes
* Statistics `rocksdb.sst.read.micros` now includes time spent on multi read and async read into the file
* For Universal Compaction users, periodic compaction (option `periodic_compaction_seconds`) will be set to 30 days by default if block based table is used.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in FileTTLBooster that can cause users with a large number of levels (more than 65) to see errors like "runtime error: shift exponent .. is too large.." (#11673).

## 8.5.0 (07/21/2023)
### Public API Changes
* Removed recently added APIs `GeneralCache` and `MakeSharedGeneralCache()` as our plan changed to stop exposing a general-purpose cache interface. The old forms of these APIs, `Cache` and `NewLRUCache()`, are still available, although general-purpose caching support will be dropped eventually.

### Behavior Changes
* Option `periodic_compaction_seconds` no longer supports FIFO compaction: setting it has no effect on FIFO compactions. FIFO compaction users should only set option `ttl` instead.
* Move prefetching responsibility to page cache for compaction read for non directIO use case

### Performance Improvements
* In case of direct_io, if buffer passed by callee is already aligned, RandomAccessFileRead::Read will avoid realloacting a new buffer, reducing memcpy and use already passed aligned buffer.
* Small efficiency improvement to HyperClockCache by reducing chance of compiler-generated heap allocations

### Bug Fixes
* Fix use_after_free bug in async_io MultiReads when underlying FS enabled kFSBuffer. kFSBuffer is when underlying FS pass their own buffer instead of using RocksDB scratch in FSReadRequest. Right now it's an experimental feature.

## 8.4.0 (06/26/2023)
### New Features
* Add FSReadRequest::fs_scratch which is a data buffer allocated and provided by underlying FileSystem to RocksDB during reads, when FS wants to provide its own buffer with data instead of using RocksDB provided FSReadRequest::scratch. This can help in cpu optimization by avoiding copy from file system's buffer to RocksDB buffer. More details on how to use/enable it in file_system.h. Right now its supported only for MultiReads(async + sync) with non direct io.
* Start logging non-zero user-defined timestamp sizes in WAL to signal user key format in subsequent records and use it during recovery. This change will break recovery from WAL files written by early versions that contain user-defined timestamps. The workaround is to ensure there are no WAL files to recover (i.e. by flushing before close) before upgrade.
* Added new property "rocksdb.obsolete-sst-files-size-property" that reports the size of SST files that have become obsolete but have not yet been deleted or scheduled for deletion
* Start to record the value of the flag `AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions.persist_user_defined_timestamps` in the Manifest and table properties for a SST file when it is created. And use the recorded flag when creating a table reader for the SST file. This flag is only explicitly record if it's false.
* Add a new option OptimisticTransactionDBOptions::shared_lock_buckets that enables sharing mutexes for validating transactions between DB instances, for better balancing memory efficiency and validation contention across DB instances. Different column families and DBs also now use different hash seeds in this validation, so that the same set of key names will not contend across DBs or column families.
* Add a new ticker `rocksdb.files.marked.trash.deleted` to track the number of trash files deleted by background thread from the trash queue.
* Add an API NewTieredVolatileCache() in include/rocksdb/cache.h to allocate an instance of a block cache with a primary block cache tier and a compressed secondary cache tier. A cache of this type distributes memory reservations against the block cache, such as WriteBufferManager, table reader memory etc., proportionally across both the primary and compressed secondary cache.
* Add `WaitForCompact()` to wait for all flush and compactions jobs to finish. Jobs to wait include the unscheduled (queued, but not scheduled yet).
* Add `WriteBatch::Release()` that releases the batch's serialized data to the caller.

### Public API Changes
* Add C API `rocksdb_options_add_compact_on_deletion_collector_factory_del_ratio`.
* change the FileSystem::use_async_io() API to SupportedOps API in order to extend it to various operations supported by underlying FileSystem. Right now it contains FSSupportedOps::kAsyncIO and FSSupportedOps::kFSBuffer. More details about FSSupportedOps in filesystem.h
* Add new tickers: `rocksdb.error.handler.bg.error.count`, `rocksdb.error.handler.bg.io.error.count`, `rocksdb.error.handler.bg.retryable.io.error.count` to replace the misspelled ones: `rocksdb.error.handler.bg.errro.count`, `rocksdb.error.handler.bg.io.errro.count`, `rocksdb.error.handler.bg.retryable.io.errro.count` ('error' instead of 'errro'). Users should switch to use the new tickers before 9.0 release as the misspelled old tickers will be completely removed then.
* Overload the API CreateColumnFamilyWithImport() to support creating ColumnFamily by importing multiple ColumnFamilies It requires that CFs should not overlap in user key range.

### Behavior Changes
* Change the default value for option `level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes` to true. This affects users who use leveled compaction and do not set this option explicitly. These users may see additional background compactions following DB open. These compactions help to shape the LSM according to `level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes` such that the size of each level Ln is approximately size of Ln-1 * `max_bytes_for_level_multiplier`. Turning on this option has other benefits too: see more detail in wiki: https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/wiki/Leveled-Compaction#option-level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes-and-levels-target-size and in option comment in advanced_options.h (#11525).
* For Leveled Compaction users, `CompactRange()` will now always try to compact to the last non-empty level. (#11468)
For Leveled Compaction users, `CompactRange()` with `bottommost_level_compaction = BottommostLevelCompaction::kIfHaveCompactionFilter` will behave similar to `kForceOptimized` in that it will skip files created during this manual compaction when compacting files in the bottommost level. (#11468)
* RocksDB will try to drop range tombstones during non-bottommost compaction when it is safe to do so. (#11459)
* When a DB is openend with `allow_ingest_behind=true` (currently only Universal compaction is supported), files in the last level, i.e. the ingested files,  will not be included in any compaction. (#11489)
* Statistics `rocksdb.sst.read.micros` scope is expanded to all SST reads except for file ingestion and column family import (some compaction reads were previously excluded).

### Bug Fixes
* Reduced cases of illegally using Env::Default() during static destruction by never destroying the internal PosixEnv itself (except for builds checking for memory leaks). (#11538)
* Fix extra prefetching during seek in async_io when BlockBasedTableOptions.num_file_reads_for_auto_readahead is 1 leading to extra reads than required.
* Fix a bug where compactions that are qualified to be run as 2 subcompactions were only run as one subcompaction.
* Fix a use-after-move bug in block.cc.

## 8.3.0 (05/19/2023)
### New Features
* Introduced a new option `block_protection_bytes_per_key`, which can be used to enable per key-value integrity protection for in-memory blocks in block cache (#11287).
* Added `JemallocAllocatorOptions::num_arenas`. Setting `num_arenas > 1` may mitigate mutex contention in the allocator, particularly in scenarios where block allocations commonly bypass jemalloc tcache.
* Improve the operational safety of publishing a DB or SST files to many hosts by using different block cache hash seeds on different hosts. The exact behavior is controlled by new option `ShardedCacheOptions::hash_seed`, which also documents the solved problem in more detail.
* Introduced a new option `CompactionOptionsFIFO::file_temperature_age_thresholds` that allows FIFO compaction to compact files to different temperatures based on key age (#11428).
* Added a new ticker stat to count how many times RocksDB detected a corruption while verifying a block checksum: `BLOCK_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH_COUNT`.
* New statistics `rocksdb.file.read.db.open.micros` that measures read time of block-based SST tables or blob files during db open.
* New statistics tickers for various iterator seek behaviors and relevant filtering, as \*`_LEVEL_SEEK_`\*. (#11460)

### Public API Changes
* EXPERIMENTAL: Add new API `DB::ClipColumnFamily` to clip the key in CF to a certain range. It will physically deletes all keys outside the range including tombstones.
* Add `MakeSharedCache()` construction functions to various cache Options objects, and deprecated the `NewWhateverCache()` functions with long parameter lists.
* Changed the meaning of various Bloom filter stats (prefix vs. whole key), with iterator-related filtering only being tracked in the new \*`_LEVEL_SEEK_`\*. stats. (#11460)

### Behavior changes
* For x86, CPU features are no longer detected at runtime nor in build scripts, but in source code using common preprocessor defines. This will likely unlock some small performance improvements on some newer hardware, but could hurt performance of the kCRC32c checksum, which is no longer the default, on some "portable" builds. See PR #11419 for details.

### Bug Fixes
* Delete an empty WAL file on DB open if the log number is less than the min log number to keep
* Delete temp OPTIONS file on DB open if there is a failure to write it out or rename it

### Performance Improvements
* Improved the I/O efficiency of prefetching SST metadata by recording more information in the DB manifest. Opening files written with previous versions will still rely on heuristics for how much to prefetch (#11406).

## 8.2.0 (04/24/2023)
### Public API Changes
* `SstFileWriter::DeleteRange()` now returns `Status::InvalidArgument` if the range's end key comes before its start key according to the user comparator. Previously the behavior was undefined.
* Add `multi_get_for_update` to C API.
* Remove unnecessary constructor for CompressionOptions.

### Behavior changes
* Changed default block cache size from an 8MB to 32MB LRUCache, which increases the default number of cache shards from 16 to 64. This change is intended to minimize cache mutex contention under stress conditions. See https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/wiki/Block-Cache for more information.
* For level compaction with `level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes=true`, RocksDB now trivially moves levels down to fill LSM starting from bottommost level during DB open. See more in comments for option `level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes` (#11321).
* User-provided `ReadOptions` take effect for more reads of non-`CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock` blocks.
* For level compaction with `level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes=true`, RocksDB now drains unnecessary levels through background compaction automatically (#11340). This together with #11321 makes it automatic to migrate other compaction settings to level compaction with `level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes=true`. In addition, a live DB that becomes smaller will now have unnecessary levels drained which can help to reduce read and space amp.
* If `CompactRange()` is called with `CompactRangeOptions::bottommost_level_compaction=kForce*` to compact from L0 to L1, RocksDB now will try to do trivial move from L0 to L1 and then do an intra L1 compaction, instead of a L0 to L1 compaction with trivial move disabled (#11375)).

### Bug Fixes
* In the DB::VerifyFileChecksums API, ensure that file system reads of SST files are equal to the readahead_size in ReadOptions, if specified. Previously, each read was 2x the readahead_size.
* In block cache tracing, fixed some cases of bad hit/miss information (and more) with MultiGet.

### New Features
* Add experimental `PerfContext` counters `iter_{next|prev|seek}_count` for db iterator, each counting the times of corresponding API being called.
* Allow runtime changes to whether `WriteBufferManager` allows stall or not by calling `SetAllowStall()`
* Added statistics tickers BYTES_COMPRESSED_FROM, BYTES_COMPRESSED_TO, BYTES_COMPRESSION_BYPASSED, BYTES_COMPRESSION_REJECTED, NUMBER_BLOCK_COMPRESSION_BYPASSED, and NUMBER_BLOCK_COMPRESSION_REJECTED. Disabled/deprecated histograms BYTES_COMPRESSED and BYTES_DECOMPRESSED, and ticker NUMBER_BLOCK_NOT_COMPRESSED. The new tickers offer more inight into compression ratios, rejected vs. disabled compression, etc. (#11388)
* New statistics `rocksdb.file.read.{flush|compaction}.micros` that measure read time of block-based SST tables or blob files during flush or compaction.

## 8.1.0 (03/18/2023)
### Behavior changes
* Compaction output file cutting logic now considers range tombstone start keys. For example, SST partitioner now may receive ParitionRequest for range tombstone start keys.
* If the async_io ReadOption is specified for MultiGet or NewIterator on a platform that doesn't support IO uring, the option is ignored and synchronous IO is used.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed an issue for backward iteration when user defined timestamp is enabled in combination with BlobDB.
* Fixed a couple of cases where a Merge operand encountered during iteration wasn't reflected in the `internal_merge_count` PerfContext counter.
* Fixed a bug in CreateColumnFamilyWithImport()/ExportColumnFamily() which did not support range tombstones (#11252).
* Fixed a bug where an excluded column family from an atomic flush contains unflushed data that should've been included in this atomic flush (i.e, data of seqno less than the max seqno of this atomic flush), leading to potential data loss in this excluded column family when `WriteOptions::disableWAL == true` (#11148).

### New Features
* Add statistics rocksdb.secondary.cache.filter.hits, rocksdb.secondary.cache.index.hits, and rocksdb.secondary.cache.filter.hits
* Added a new PerfContext counter `internal_merge_point_lookup_count` which tracks the number of Merge operands applied while serving point lookup queries.
* Add new statistics rocksdb.table.open.prefetch.tail.read.bytes, rocksdb.table.open.prefetch.tail.{miss|hit}
* Add support for SecondaryCache with HyperClockCache (`HyperClockCacheOptions` inherits `secondary_cache` option from `ShardedCacheOptions`)
* Add new db properties `rocksdb.cf-write-stall-stats`, `rocksdb.db-write-stall-stats`and APIs to examine them in a structured way. In particular, users of `GetMapProperty()` with property `kCFWriteStallStats`/`kDBWriteStallStats` can now use the functions in `WriteStallStatsMapKeys` to find stats in the map.

### Public API Changes
* Changed various functions and features in `Cache` that are mostly relevant to custom implementations or wrappers. Especially, asychronous lookup functionality is moved from `Lookup()` to a new `StartAsyncLookup()` function.

## 8.0.0 (02/19/2023)
### Behavior changes
* `ReadOptions::verify_checksums=false` disables checksum verification for more reads of non-`CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock` blocks.
* In case of scan with async_io enabled, if posix doesn't support IOUring, Status::NotSupported error will be returned to the users. Initially that error was swallowed and reads were switched to synchronous reads.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a data race on `ColumnFamilyData::flush_reason` caused by concurrent flushes.
* Fixed an issue in `Get` and `MultiGet` when user-defined timestamps is enabled in combination with BlobDB.
* Fixed some atypical behaviors for `LockWAL()` such as allowing concurrent/recursive use and not expecting `UnlockWAL()` after non-OK result. See API comments.
* Fixed a feature interaction bug where for blobs `GetEntity` would expose the blob reference instead of the blob value.
* Fixed `DisableManualCompaction()` and `CompactRangeOptions::canceled` to cancel compactions even when they are waiting on conflicting compactions to finish
* Fixed a bug in which a successful `GetMergeOperands()` could transiently return `Status::MergeInProgress()`
* Return the correct error (Status::NotSupported()) to MultiGet caller when ReadOptions::async_io flag is true and IO uring is not enabled. Previously, Status::Corruption() was being returned when the actual failure was lack of async IO support.
* Fixed a bug in DB open/recovery from a compressed WAL that was caused due to incorrect handling of certain record fragments with the same offset within a WAL block.

### Feature Removal
* Remove RocksDB Lite.
* The feature block_cache_compressed is removed. Statistics related to it are removed too.
* Remove deprecated Env::LoadEnv(). Use Env::CreateFromString() instead.
* Remove deprecated FileSystem::Load(). Use FileSystem::CreateFromString() instead.
* Removed the deprecated version of these utility functions and the corresponding Java bindings: `LoadOptionsFromFile`, `LoadLatestOptions`, `CheckOptionsCompatibility`.
* Remove the FactoryFunc from the LoadObject method from the Customizable helper methods.

### Public API Changes
* Moved rarely-needed Cache class definition to new advanced_cache.h, and added a CacheWrapper class to advanced_cache.h. Minor changes to SimCache API definitions.
* Completely removed the following deprecated/obsolete statistics: the tickers `BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_BYTES_EVICT`, `BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_BYTES_EVICT`, `BLOOM_FILTER_MICROS`, `NO_FILE_CLOSES`, `STALL_L0_SLOWDOWN_MICROS`, `STALL_MEMTABLE_COMPACTION_MICROS`, `STALL_L0_NUM_FILES_MICROS`, `RATE_LIMIT_DELAY_MILLIS`, `NO_ITERATORS`, `NUMBER_FILTERED_DELETES`, `WRITE_TIMEDOUT`, `BLOB_DB_GC_NUM_KEYS_OVERWRITTEN`, `BLOB_DB_GC_NUM_KEYS_EXPIRED`, `BLOB_DB_GC_BYTES_OVERWRITTEN`, `BLOB_DB_GC_BYTES_EXPIRED`, `BLOCK_CACHE_COMPRESSION_DICT_BYTES_EVICT` as well as the histograms `STALL_L0_SLOWDOWN_COUNT`, `STALL_MEMTABLE_COMPACTION_COUNT`, `STALL_L0_NUM_FILES_COUNT`, `HARD_RATE_LIMIT_DELAY_COUNT`, `SOFT_RATE_LIMIT_DELAY_COUNT`, `BLOB_DB_GC_MICROS`, and `NUM_DATA_BLOCKS_READ_PER_LEVEL`. Note that as a result, the C++ enum values of the still supported statistics have changed. Developers are advised to not rely on the actual numeric values.
* Deprecated IngestExternalFileOptions::write_global_seqno and change default to false. This option only needs to be set to true to generate a DB compatible with RocksDB versions before 5.16.0.
* Remove deprecated APIs `GetColumnFamilyOptionsFrom{Map|String}(const ColumnFamilyOptions&, ..)`, `GetDBOptionsFrom{Map|String}(const DBOptions&, ..)`, `GetBlockBasedTableOptionsFrom{Map|String}(const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_options, ..)` and ` GetPlainTableOptionsFrom{Map|String}(const PlainTableOptions& table_options,..)`.
* Added a subcode of `Status::Corruption`, `Status::SubCode::kMergeOperatorFailed`, for users to identify corruption failures originating in the merge operator, as opposed to RocksDB's internally identified data corruptions

### Build Changes
* The `make` build now builds a shared library by default instead of a static library. Use `LIB_MODE=static` to override.

### New Features
* Compaction filters are now supported for wide-column entities by means of the `FilterV3` API. See the comment of the API for more details.
* Added `do_not_compress_roles` to `CompressedSecondaryCacheOptions` to disable compression on certain kinds of block. Filter blocks are now not compressed by CompressedSecondaryCache by default.
* Added a new `MultiGetEntity` API that enables batched wide-column point lookups. See the API comments for more details.

## 7.10.0 (01/23/2023)
### Behavior changes
* Make best-efforts recovery verify SST unique ID before Version construction (#10962)
* Introduce `epoch_number` and sort L0 files by `epoch_number` instead of `largest_seqno`. `epoch_number` represents the order of a file being flushed or ingested/imported. Compaction output file will be assigned with the minimum `epoch_number` among input files'. For L0, larger `epoch_number` indicates newer L0 file.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a regression in iterator where range tombstones after `iterate_upper_bound` is processed.
* Fixed a memory leak in MultiGet with async_io read option, caused by IO errors during table file open
* Fixed a bug that multi-level FIFO compaction deletes one file in non-L0 even when `CompactionOptionsFIFO::max_table_files_size` is no exceeded since #10348 or 7.8.0.
* Fixed a bug caused by `DB::SyncWAL()` affecting `track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest`. Without the fix, application may see "open error: Corruption: Missing WAL with log number" while trying to open the db. The corruption is a false alarm but prevents DB open (#10892).
* Fixed a BackupEngine bug in which RestoreDBFromLatestBackup would fail if the latest backup was deleted and there is another valid backup available.
* Fix L0 file misorder corruption caused by ingesting files of overlapping seqnos with memtable entries' through introducing `epoch_number`. Before the fix, `force_consistency_checks=true` may catch the corruption before it's exposed to readers, in which case writes returning `Status::Corruption` would be expected. Also replace the previous incomplete fix (#5958) to the same corruption with this new and more complete fix.
* Fixed a bug in LockWAL() leading to re-locking mutex (#11020).
* Fixed a heap use after free bug in async scan prefetching when the scan thread and another thread try to read and load the same seek block into cache.
* Fixed a heap use after free in async scan prefetching if dictionary compression is enabled, in which case sync read of the compression dictionary gets mixed with async prefetching
* Fixed a data race bug of `CompactRange()` under `change_level=true` acts on overlapping range with an ongoing file ingestion for level compaction. This will either result in overlapping file ranges corruption at a certain level caught by `force_consistency_checks=true` or protentially two same keys both with seqno 0 in two different levels (i.e, new data ends up in lower/older level). The latter will be caught by assertion in debug build but go silently and result in read returning wrong result in release build. This fix is general so it also replaced previous fixes to a similar problem for `CompactFiles()` (#4665), general `CompactRange()` and auto compaction (commit 5c64fb6 and 87dfc1d).
* Fixed a bug in compaction output cutting where small output files were produced due to TTL file cutting states were not being updated (#11075).

### New Features
* When an SstPartitionerFactory is configured, CompactRange() now automatically selects for compaction any files overlapping a partition boundary that is in the compaction range, even if no actual entries are in the requested compaction range. With this feature, manual compaction can be used to (re-)establish SST partition points when SstPartitioner changes, without a full compaction.
* Add BackupEngine feature to exclude files from backup that are known to be backed up elsewhere, using `CreateBackupOptions::exclude_files_callback`. To restore the DB, the excluded files must be provided in alternative backup directories using `RestoreOptions::alternate_dirs`.

### Public API Changes
* Substantial changes have been made to the Cache class to support internal development goals. Direct use of Cache class members is discouraged and further breaking modifications are expected in the future. SecondaryCache has some related changes and implementations will need to be updated. (Unlike Cache, SecondaryCache is still intended to support user implementations, and disruptive changes will be avoided.) (#10975)
* Add `MergeOperationOutput::op_failure_scope` for merge operator users to control the blast radius of merge operator failures. Existing merge operator users do not need to make any change to preserve the old behavior

### Performance Improvements
* Updated xxHash source code, which should improve kXXH3 checksum speed, at least on ARM (#11098).
* Improved CPU efficiency of DB reads, from block cache access improvements (#10975).

## 7.9.0 (11/21/2022)
### Performance Improvements
* Fixed an iterator performance regression for delete range users when scanning through a consecutive sequence of range tombstones (#10877).

### Bug Fixes
* Fix memory corruption error in scans if async_io is enabled. Memory corruption happened if there is IOError while reading the data leading to empty buffer and other buffer already in progress of async read goes again for reading.
* Fix failed memtable flush retry bug that could cause wrongly ordered updates, which would surface to writers as `Status::Corruption` in case of `force_consistency_checks=true` (default). It affects use cases that enable both parallel flush (`max_background_flushes > 1` or `max_background_jobs >= 8`) and non-default memtable count (`max_write_buffer_number > 2`).
* Fixed an issue where the `READ_NUM_MERGE_OPERANDS` ticker was not updated when the base key-value or tombstone was read from an SST file.
* Fixed a memory safety bug when using a SecondaryCache with `block_cache_compressed`. `block_cache_compressed` no longer attempts to use SecondaryCache features.
* Fixed a regression in scan for async_io. During seek, valid buffers were getting cleared causing a regression.
* Tiered Storage: fixed excessive keys written to penultimate level in non-debug builds.

### New Features
* Add basic support for user-defined timestamp to Merge (#10819).
* Add stats for ReadAsync time spent and async read errors.
* Basic support for the wide-column data model is now available. Wide-column entities can be stored using the `PutEntity` API, and retrieved using `GetEntity` and the new `columns` API of iterator. For compatibility, the classic APIs `Get` and `MultiGet`, as well as iterator's `value` API return the value of the anonymous default column of wide-column entities; also, `GetEntity` and iterator's `columns` return any plain key-values in the form of an entity which only has the anonymous default column. `Merge` (and `GetMergeOperands`) currently also apply to the default column; any other columns of entities are unaffected by `Merge` operations. Note that some features like compaction filters, transactions, user-defined timestamps, and the SST file writer do not yet support wide-column entities; also, there is currently no `MultiGet`-like API to retrieve multiple entities at once. We plan to gradually close the above gaps and also implement new features like column-level operations (e.g. updating or querying only certain columns of an entity).
* Marked HyperClockCache as a production-ready alternative to LRUCache for the block cache. HyperClockCache greatly improves hot-path CPU efficiency under high parallel load or high contention, with some documented caveats and limitations. As much as 4.5x higher ops/sec vs. LRUCache has been seen in db_bench under high parallel load.
* Add periodic diagnostics to info_log (LOG file) for HyperClockCache block cache if performance is degraded by bad `estimated_entry_charge` option.

### Public API Changes
* Marked `block_cache_compressed` as a deprecated feature. Use SecondaryCache instead.
* Added a `SecondaryCache::InsertSaved()` API, with default implementation depending on `Insert()`. Some implementations might need to add a custom implementation of `InsertSaved()`. (Details in API comments.)

## 7.8.0 (10/22/2022)
### New Features
* `DeleteRange()` now supports user-defined timestamp.
* Provide support for async_io with tailing iterators when ReadOptions.tailing is enabled during scans.
* Tiered Storage: allow data moving up from the last level to the penultimate level if the input level is penultimate level or above.
* Added `DB::Properties::kFastBlockCacheEntryStats`, which is similar to `DB::Properties::kBlockCacheEntryStats`, except returns cached (stale) values in more cases to reduce overhead.
* FIFO compaction now supports migrating from a multi-level DB via DB::Open(). During the migration phase, FIFO compaction picker will:
* picks the sst file with the smallest starting key in the bottom-most non-empty level.
* Note that during the migration phase, the file purge order will only be an approximation of "FIFO" as files in lower-level might sometime contain newer keys than files in upper-level.
* Added an option `ignore_max_compaction_bytes_for_input` to ignore max_compaction_bytes limit when adding files to be compacted from input level. This should help reduce write amplification. The option is enabled by default.
* Tiered Storage: allow data moving up from the last level even if it's a last level only compaction, as long as the penultimate level is empty.
* Add a new option IOOptions.do_not_recurse that can be used by underlying file systems to skip recursing through sub directories and list only files in GetChildren API.
* Add option `preserve_internal_time_seconds` to preserve the time information for the latest data. Which can be used to determine the age of data when `preclude_last_level_data_seconds` is enabled. The time information is attached with SST in table property `rocksdb.seqno.time.map` which can be parsed by tool ldb or sst_dump.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in io_uring_prep_cancel in AbortIO API for posix which expects sqe->addr to match with read request submitted and wrong paramter was being passed.
* Fixed a regression in iterator performance when the entire DB is a single memtable introduced in #10449. The fix is in #10705 and #10716.
* Fixed an optimistic transaction validation bug caused by DBImpl::GetLatestSequenceForKey() returning non-latest seq for merge (#10724).
* Fixed a bug in iterator refresh which could segfault for DeleteRange users (#10739).
* Fixed a bug causing manual flush with `flush_opts.wait=false` to stall when database has stopped all writes (#10001).
* Fixed a bug in iterator refresh that was not freeing up SuperVersion, which could cause excessive resource pinniung (#10770).
* Fixed a bug where RocksDB could be doing compaction endlessly when allow_ingest_behind is true and the bottommost level is not filled (#10767).
* Fixed a memory safety bug in experimental HyperClockCache (#10768)
* Fixed some cases where `ldb update_manifest` and `ldb unsafe_remove_sst_file` are not usable because they were requiring the DB files to match the existing manifest state (before updating the manifest to match a desired state).

### Performance Improvements
* Try to align the compaction output file boundaries to the next level ones, which can reduce more than 10% compaction load for the default level compaction. The feature is enabled by default, to disable, set `AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions.level_compaction_dynamic_file_size` to false. As a side effect, it can create SSTs larger than the target_file_size (capped at 2x target_file_size) or smaller files.
* Improve RoundRobin TTL compaction, which is going to be the same as normal RoundRobin compaction to move the compaction cursor.
* Fix a small CPU regression caused by a change that UserComparatorWrapper was made Customizable, because Customizable itself has small CPU overhead for initialization.

### Behavior Changes
* Sanitize min_write_buffer_number_to_merge to 1 if atomic flush is enabled to prevent unexpected data loss when WAL is disabled in a multi-column-family setting (#10773).
* With periodic stat dumper waits up every options.stats_dump_period_sec seconds, it won't dump stats for a CF if it has no change in the period, unless 7 periods have been skipped.
* Only periodic stats dumper triggered by options.stats_dump_period_sec will update stats interval. Ones triggered by DB::GetProperty() will not update stats interval and will report based on an interval since the last time stats dump period.

### Public API changes
* Make kXXH3 checksum the new default, because it is faster on common hardware, especially with kCRC32c affected by a performance bug in some versions of clang (https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/issues/9891). DBs written with this new setting can be read by RocksDB 6.27 and newer.
* Refactor the classes, APIs and data structures for block cache tracing to allow a user provided trace writer to be used. Introduced an abstract BlockCacheTraceWriter class that takes a structured BlockCacheTraceRecord. The BlockCacheTraceWriter implementation can then format and log the record in whatever way it sees fit. The default BlockCacheTraceWriterImpl does file tracing using a user provided TraceWriter. More details in rocksdb/includb/block_cache_trace_writer.h.

## 7.7.0 (09/18/2022)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a hang when an operation such as `GetLiveFiles` or `CreateNewBackup` is asked to trigger and wait for memtable flush on a read-only DB. Such indirect requests for memtable flush are now ignored on a read-only DB.
* Fixed bug where `FlushWAL(true /* sync */)` (used by `GetLiveFilesStorageInfo()`, which is used by checkpoint and backup) could cause parallel writes at the tail of a WAL file to never be synced.
* Fix periodic_task unable to re-register the same task type, which may cause `SetOptions()` fail to update periodical_task time like: `stats_dump_period_sec`, `stats_persist_period_sec`.
* Fixed a bug in the rocksdb.prefetched.bytes.discarded stat. It was counting the prefetch buffer size, rather than the actual number of bytes discarded from the buffer.
* Fix bug where the directory containing CURRENT can left unsynced after CURRENT is updated to point to the latest MANIFEST, which leads to risk of unsync data loss of CURRENT.
* Update rocksdb.multiget.io.batch.size stat in non-async MultiGet as well.
* Fix a bug in key range overlap checking with concurrent compactions when user-defined timestamp is enabled. User-defined timestamps should be EXCLUDED when checking if two ranges overlap.
* Fixed a bug where the blob cache prepopulating logic did not consider the secondary cache (see #10603).
* Fixed the rocksdb.num.sst.read.per.level, rocksdb.num.index.and.filter.blocks.read.per.level and rocksdb.num.level.read.per.multiget stats in the MultiGet coroutines

### Public API changes
* Add `rocksdb_column_family_handle_get_id`, `rocksdb_column_family_handle_get_name` to get name, id of column family in C API
* Add a new stat rocksdb.async.prefetch.abort.micros to measure time spent waiting for async prefetch reads to abort

### Java API Changes
* Add CompactionPriority.RoundRobin.
* Revert to using the default metadata charge policy when creating an LRU cache via the Java API.

### Behavior Change
* DBOptions::verify_sst_unique_id_in_manifest is now an on-by-default feature that verifies SST file identity whenever they are opened by a DB, rather than only at DB::Open time.
* Right now, when the option migration tool (OptionChangeMigration()) migrates to FIFO compaction, it compacts all the data into one single SST file and move to L0. This might create a problem for some users: the giant file may be soon deleted to satisfy max_table_files_size, and might cayse the DB to be almost empty. We change the behavior so that the files are cut to be smaller, but these files might not follow the data insertion order. With the change, after the migration, migrated data might not be dropped by insertion order by FIFO compaction.
* When a block is firstly found from `CompressedSecondaryCache`, we just insert a dummy block into the primary cache and don’t erase the block from `CompressedSecondaryCache`. A standalone handle is returned to the caller. Only if the block is found again from `CompressedSecondaryCache` before the dummy block is evicted, we erase the block from `CompressedSecondaryCache` and insert it into the primary cache.
* When a block is firstly evicted from the primary cache to `CompressedSecondaryCache`, we just insert a dummy block in `CompressedSecondaryCache`. Only if it is evicted again before the dummy block is evicted from the cache, it is treated as a hot block and is inserted into `CompressedSecondaryCache`.
* Improved the estimation of memory used by cached blobs by taking into account the size of the object owning the blob value and also the allocator overhead if `malloc_usable_size` is available (see #10583).
* Blob values now have their own category in the cache occupancy statistics, as opposed to being lumped into the "Misc" bucket (see #10601).
* Change the optimize_multiget_for_io experimental ReadOptions flag to default on.

### New Features
*  RocksDB does internal auto prefetching if it notices 2 sequential reads if readahead_size is not specified. New option `num_file_reads_for_auto_readahead` is added in BlockBasedTableOptions which indicates after how many sequential reads internal auto prefetching should be start (default is 2).
* Added new perf context counters `block_cache_standalone_handle_count`, `block_cache_real_handle_count`,`compressed_sec_cache_insert_real_count`, `compressed_sec_cache_insert_dummy_count`, `compressed_sec_cache_uncompressed_bytes`, and `compressed_sec_cache_compressed_bytes`.
* Memory for blobs which are to be inserted into the blob cache is now allocated using the cache's allocator (see #10628 and #10647).
* HyperClockCache is an experimental, lock-free Cache alternative for block cache that offers much improved CPU efficiency under high parallel load or high contention, with some caveats. As much as 4.5x higher ops/sec vs. LRUCache has been seen in db_bench under high parallel load.
* `CompressedSecondaryCacheOptions::enable_custom_split_merge` is added for enabling the custom split and merge feature, which split the compressed value into chunks so that they may better fit jemalloc bins.

### Performance Improvements
* Iterator performance is improved for `DeleteRange()` users. Internally, iterator will skip to the end of a range tombstone when possible, instead of looping through each key and check individually if a key is range deleted.
* Eliminated some allocations and copies in the blob read path. Also, `PinnableSlice` now only points to the blob value and pins the backing resource (cache entry or buffer) in all cases, instead of containing a copy of the blob value. See #10625 and #10647.
* In case of scans with async_io enabled, few optimizations have been added to issue more asynchronous requests in parallel in order to avoid synchronous prefetching.
* `DeleteRange()` users should see improvement in get/iterator performance from mutable memtable (see #10547).

## 7.6.0 (08/19/2022)
### New Features
* Added `prepopulate_blob_cache` to ColumnFamilyOptions. If enabled, prepopulate warm/hot blobs which are already in memory into blob cache at the time of flush. On a flush, the blob that is in memory (in memtables) get flushed to the device. If using Direct IO, additional IO is incurred to read this blob back into memory again, which is avoided by enabling this option. This further helps if the workload exhibits high temporal locality, where most of the reads go to recently written data. This also helps in case of the remote file system since it involves network traffic and higher latencies.
* Support using secondary cache with the blob cache. When creating a blob cache, the user can set a secondary blob cache by configuring `secondary_cache` in LRUCacheOptions.
* Charge memory usage of blob cache when the backing cache of the blob cache and the block cache are different. If an operation reserving memory for blob cache exceeds the avaible space left in the block cache at some point (i.e, causing a cache full under `LRUCacheOptions::strict_capacity_limit` = true), creation will fail with `Status::MemoryLimit()`. To opt in this feature, enable charging `CacheEntryRole::kBlobCache` in `BlockBasedTableOptions::cache_usage_options`.
* Improve subcompaction range partition so that it is likely to be more even. More evenly distribution of subcompaction will improve compaction throughput for some workloads. All input files' index blocks to sample some anchor key points from which we pick positions to partition the input range. This would introduce some CPU overhead in compaction preparation phase, if subcompaction is enabled, but it should be a small fraction of the CPU usage of the whole compaction process. This also brings a behavier change: subcompaction number is much more likely to maxed out than before.
* Add CompactionPri::kRoundRobin, a compaction picking mode that cycles through all the files with a compact cursor in a round-robin manner. This feature is available since 7.5.
* Provide support for subcompactions for user_defined_timestamp.
* Added an option `memtable_protection_bytes_per_key` that turns on memtable per key-value checksum protection. Each memtable entry will be suffixed by a checksum that is computed during writes, and verified in reads/compaction. Detected corruption will be logged and with corruption status returned to user.
* Added a blob-specific cache priority level - bottom level. Blobs are typically lower-value targets for caching than data blocks, since 1) with BlobDB, data blocks containing blob references conceptually form an index structure which has to be consulted before we can read the blob value, and 2) cached blobs represent only a single key-value, while cached data blocks generally contain multiple KVs. The user can specify the new option `low_pri_pool_ratio` in `LRUCacheOptions` to configure the ratio of capacity reserved for low priority cache entries (and therefore the remaining ratio is the space reserved for the bottom level), or configuring the new argument `low_pri_pool_ratio` in `NewLRUCache()` to achieve the same effect.

### Public API changes
* Removed Customizable support for RateLimiter and removed its CreateFromString() and Type() functions.
* `CompactRangeOptions::exclusive_manual_compaction` is now false by default. This ensures RocksDB does not introduce artificial parallelism limitations by default.
* Tiered Storage: change `bottommost_temperture` to `last_level_temperture`. The old option name is kept only for migration, please use the new option. The behavior is changed to apply temperature for the `last_level` SST files only.
* Added a new experimental ReadOption flag called optimize_multiget_for_io, which when set attempts to reduce MultiGet latency by spawning coroutines for keys in multiple levels.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug starting in 7.4.0 in which some fsync operations might be skipped in a DB after any DropColumnFamily on that DB, until it is re-opened. This can lead to data loss on power loss. (For custom FileSystem implementations, this could lead to `FSDirectory::Fsync` or `FSDirectory::Close` after the first `FSDirectory::Close`; Also, valgrind could report call to `close()` with `fd=-1`.)
* Fix a bug where `GenericRateLimiter` could revert the bandwidth set dynamically using `SetBytesPerSecond()` when a user configures a structure enclosing it, e.g., using `GetOptionsFromString()` to configure an `Options` that references an existing `RateLimiter` object.
* Fix race conditions in `GenericRateLimiter`.
* Fix a bug in `FIFOCompactionPicker::PickTTLCompaction` where total_size calculating might cause underflow
* Fix data race bug in hash linked list memtable. With this bug, read request might temporarily miss an old record in the memtable in a race condition to the hash bucket.
* Fix a bug that `best_efforts_recovery` may fail to open the db with mmap read.
* Fixed a bug where blobs read during compaction would pollute the cache.
* Fixed a data race in LRUCache when used with a secondary_cache.
* Fixed a bug where blobs read by iterators would be inserted into the cache even with the `fill_cache` read option set to false.
* Fixed the segfault caused by `AllocateData()` in `CompressedSecondaryCache::SplitValueIntoChunks()` and `MergeChunksIntoValueTest`.
* Fixed a bug in BlobDB where a mix of inlined and blob values could result in an incorrect value being passed to the compaction filter (see #10391).
* Fixed a memory leak bug in stress tests caused by `FaultInjectionSecondaryCache`.

### Behavior Change
* Added checksum handshake during the copying of decompressed WAL fragment. This together with #9875, #10037, #10212, #10114 and #10319 provides end-to-end integrity protection for write batch during recovery.
* To minimize the internal fragmentation caused by the variable size of the compressed blocks in `CompressedSecondaryCache`, the original block is split according to the jemalloc bin size in `Insert()` and then merged back in `Lookup()`.
* PosixLogger is removed and by default EnvLogger will be used for info logging. The behavior of the two loggers should be very similar when using the default Posix Env.
* Remove [min|max]_timestamp from VersionEdit for now since they are not tracked in MANIFEST anyway but consume two empty std::string (up to 64 bytes) for each file. Should they be added back in the future, we should store them more compactly.
* Improve universal tiered storage compaction picker to avoid extra major compaction triggered by size amplification. If `preclude_last_level_data_seconds` is enabled, the size amplification is calculated within non last_level data only which skip the last level and use the penultimate level as the size base.
* If an error is hit when writing to a file (append, sync, etc), RocksDB is more strict with not issuing more operations to it, except closing the file, with exceptions of some WAL file operations in error recovery path.
* A `WriteBufferManager` constructed with `allow_stall == false` will no longer trigger write stall implicitly by thrashing until memtable count limit is reached. Instead, a column family can continue accumulating writes while that CF is flushing, which means memory may increase. Users who prefer stalling writes must now explicitly set `allow_stall == true`.
* Add `CompressedSecondaryCache` into the stress tests.
* Block cache keys have changed, which will cause any persistent caches to miss between versions.

### Performance Improvements
* Instead of constructing `FragmentedRangeTombstoneList` during every read operation, it is now constructed once and stored in immutable memtables. This improves speed of querying range tombstones from immutable memtables.
* When using iterators with the integrated BlobDB implementation, blob cache handles are now released immediately when the iterator's position changes.
* MultiGet can now do more IO in parallel by reading data blocks from SST files in multiple levels, if the optimize_multiget_for_io ReadOption flag is set.

## 7.5.0 (07/15/2022)
### New Features
* Mempurge option flag `experimental_mempurge_threshold` is now a ColumnFamilyOptions and can now be dynamically configured using `SetOptions()`.
* Support backward iteration when `ReadOptions::iter_start_ts` is set.
* Provide support for ReadOptions.async_io with direct_io to improve Seek latency by using async IO to parallelize child iterator seek and doing asynchronous prefetching on sequential scans.
* Added support for blob caching in order to cache frequently used blobs for BlobDB.
  * User can configure the new ColumnFamilyOptions `blob_cache` to enable/disable blob caching.
  * Either sharing the backend cache with the block cache or using a completely separate cache is supported.
  * A new abstraction interface called `BlobSource` for blob read logic gives all users access to blobs, whether they are in the blob cache, secondary cache, or (remote) storage. Blobs can be potentially read both while handling user reads (`Get`, `MultiGet`, or iterator) and during compaction (while dealing with compaction filters, Merges, or garbage collection) but eventually all blob reads go through `Version::GetBlob` or, for MultiGet, `Version::MultiGetBlob` (and then get dispatched to the interface -- `BlobSource`).
* Add experimental tiered compaction feature `AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions::preclude_last_level_data_seconds`, which makes sure the new data inserted within preclude_last_level_data_seconds won't be placed on cold tier (the feature is not complete).

### Public API changes
* Add metadata related structs and functions in C API, including
  * `rocksdb_get_column_family_metadata()` and `rocksdb_get_column_family_metadata_cf()` to obtain `rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t`.
  * `rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t` and its get functions & destroy function.
  * `rocksdb_level_metadata_t` and its and its get functions & destroy function.
  * `rocksdb_file_metadata_t` and its and get functions & destroy functions.
* Add suggest_compact_range() and suggest_compact_range_cf() to C API.
* When using block cache strict capacity limit (`LRUCache` with `strict_capacity_limit=true`), DB operations now fail with Status code `kAborted` subcode `kMemoryLimit` (`IsMemoryLimit()`) instead of `kIncomplete` (`IsIncomplete()`) when the capacity limit is reached, because Incomplete can mean other specific things for some operations. In more detail, `Cache::Insert()` now returns the updated Status code and this usually propagates through RocksDB to the user on failure.
* NewClockCache calls temporarily return an LRUCache (with similar characteristics as the desired ClockCache). This is because ClockCache is being replaced by a new version (the old one had unknown bugs) but this is still under development.
* Add two functions `int ReserveThreads(int threads_to_be_reserved)` and `int ReleaseThreads(threads_to_be_released)` into `Env` class. In the default implementation, both return 0. Newly added `xxxEnv` class that inherits `Env` should implement these two functions for thread reservation/releasing features.
* Add `rocksdb_options_get_prepopulate_blob_cache` and `rocksdb_options_set_prepopulate_blob_cache` to C API.
* Add `prepopulateBlobCache` and `setPrepopulateBlobCache` to Java API.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in which backup/checkpoint can include a WAL deleted by RocksDB.
* Fix a bug where concurrent compactions might cause unnecessary further write stalling. In some cases, this might cause write rate to drop to minimum.
* Fix a bug in Logger where if dbname and db_log_dir are on different filesystems, dbname creation would fail wrt to db_log_dir path returning an error and fails to open the DB.
* Fix a CPU and memory efficiency issue introduce by https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/pull/8336 which made InternalKeyComparator configurable as an unintended side effect.

## Behavior Change
* In leveled compaction with dynamic levelling, level multiplier is not anymore adjusted due to oversized L0. Instead, compaction score is adjusted by increasing size level target by adding incoming bytes from upper levels. This would deprioritize compactions from upper levels if more data from L0 is coming. This is to fix some unnecessary full stalling due to drastic change of level targets, while not wasting write bandwidth for compaction while writes are overloaded.
* For track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest, revert to the original behavior before #10087: syncing of live WAL file is not tracked, and we track only the synced sizes of **closed** WALs. (PR #10330).
* WAL compression now computes/verifies checksum during compression/decompression.

### Performance Improvements
* Rather than doing total sort against all files in a level, SortFileByOverlappingRatio() to only find the top 50 files based on score. This can improve write throughput for the use cases where data is loaded in increasing key order and there are a lot of files in one LSM-tree, where applying compaction results is the bottleneck.
* In leveled compaction, L0->L1 trivial move will allow more than one file to be moved in one compaction. This would allow L0 files to be moved down faster when data is loaded in sequential order, making slowdown or stop condition harder to hit. Also seek L0->L1 trivial move when only some files qualify.
* In leveled compaction, try to trivial move more than one files if possible, up to 4 files or max_compaction_bytes. This is to allow higher write throughput for some use cases where data is loaded in sequential order, where appying compaction results is the bottleneck.

## 7.4.0 (06/19/2022)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug in calculating key-value integrity protection for users of in-place memtable updates. In particular, the affected users would be those who configure `protection_bytes_per_key > 0` on `WriteBatch` or `WriteOptions`, and configure `inplace_callback != nullptr`.
* Fixed a bug where a snapshot taken during SST file ingestion would be unstable.
* Fixed a bug for non-TransactionDB with avoid_flush_during_recovery = true and TransactionDB where in case of crash, min_log_number_to_keep may not change on recovery and persisting a new MANIFEST with advanced log_numbers for some column families, results in "column family inconsistency" error on second recovery. As a solution, RocksDB will persist the new MANIFEST after successfully syncing the new WAL. If a future recovery starts from the new MANIFEST, then it means the new WAL is successfully synced. Due to the sentinel empty write batch at the beginning, kPointInTimeRecovery of WAL is guaranteed to go after this point. If future recovery starts from the old MANIFEST, it means the writing the new MANIFEST failed. We won't have the "SST ahead of WAL" error.
* Fixed a bug where RocksDB DB::Open() may creates and writes to two new MANIFEST files even before recovery succeeds. Now writes to MANIFEST are persisted only after recovery is successful.
* Fix a race condition in WAL size tracking which is caused by an unsafe iterator access after container is changed.
* Fix unprotected concurrent accesses to `WritableFileWriter::filesize_` by `DB::SyncWAL()` and `DB::Put()` in two write queue mode.
* Fix a bug in WAL tracking. Before this PR (#10087), calling `SyncWAL()` on the only WAL file of the db will not log the event in MANIFEST, thus allowing a subsequent `DB::Open` even if the WAL file is missing or corrupted.
* Fix a bug that could return wrong results with `index_type=kHashSearch` and using `SetOptions` to change the `prefix_extractor`.
* Fixed a bug in WAL tracking with wal_compression. WAL compression writes a kSetCompressionType record which is not associated with any sequence number. As result, WalManager::GetSortedWalsOfType() will skip these WALs and not return them to caller, e.g. Checkpoint, Backup, causing the operations to fail.
* Avoid a crash if the IDENTITY file is accidentally truncated to empty. A new DB ID will be written and generated on Open.
* Fixed a possible corruption for users of `manual_wal_flush` and/or `FlushWAL(true /* sync */)`, together with `track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest == true`. For those users, losing unsynced data (e.g., due to power loss) could make future DB opens fail with a `Status::Corruption` complaining about missing WAL data.
* Fixed a bug in `WriteBatchInternal::Append()` where WAL termination point in write batch was not considered and the function appends an incorrect number of checksums.
* Fixed a crash bug introduced in 7.3.0 affecting users of MultiGet with `kDataBlockBinaryAndHash`.

### Public API changes
* Add new API GetUnixTime in Snapshot class which returns the unix time at which Snapshot is taken.
* Add transaction `get_pinned` and `multi_get` to C API.
* Add two-phase commit support to C API.
* Add `rocksdb_transaction_get_writebatch_wi` and `rocksdb_transaction_rebuild_from_writebatch` to C API.
* Add `rocksdb_options_get_blob_file_starting_level` and `rocksdb_options_set_blob_file_starting_level` to C API.
* Add `blobFileStartingLevel` and `setBlobFileStartingLevel` to Java API.
* Add SingleDelete for DB in C API
* Add User Defined Timestamp in C API.
  * `rocksdb_comparator_with_ts_create` to create timestamp aware comparator
  * Put, Get, Delete, SingleDelete, MultiGet APIs has corresponding timestamp aware APIs with suffix `with_ts`
  * And Add C API's for Transaction, SstFileWriter, Compaction as mentioned [here](https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/wiki/User-defined-Timestamp-(Experimental))
* The contract for implementations of Comparator::IsSameLengthImmediateSuccessor has been updated to work around a design bug in `auto_prefix_mode`.
* The API documentation for `auto_prefix_mode` now notes some corner cases in which it returns different results than `total_order_seek`, due to design bugs that are not easily fixed. Users using built-in comparators and keys at least the size of a fixed prefix length are not affected.
* Obsoleted the NUM_DATA_BLOCKS_READ_PER_LEVEL stat and introduced the NUM_LEVEL_READ_PER_MULTIGET and MULTIGET_COROUTINE_COUNT stats
* Introduced `WriteOptions::protection_bytes_per_key`, which can be used to enable key-value integrity protection for live updates.

### New Features
* Add FileSystem::ReadAsync API in io_tracing
* Add blob garbage collection parameters `blob_garbage_collection_policy` and `blob_garbage_collection_age_cutoff` to both force-enable and force-disable GC, as well as selectively override age cutoff when using CompactRange.
* Add an extra sanity check in `GetSortedWalFiles()` (also used by `GetLiveFilesStorageInfo()`, `BackupEngine`, and `Checkpoint`) to reduce risk of successfully created backup or checkpoint failing to open because of missing WAL file.
* Add a new column family option `blob_file_starting_level` to enable writing blob files during flushes and compactions starting from the specified LSM tree level.
* Add support for timestamped snapshots (#9879)
* Provide support for AbortIO in posix to cancel submitted asynchronous requests using io_uring.
* Add support for rate-limiting batched `MultiGet()` APIs
* Added several new tickers, perf context statistics, and DB properties to BlobDB
  * Added new DB properties "rocksdb.blob-cache-capacity", "rocksdb.blob-cache-usage", "rocksdb.blob-cache-pinned-usage" to show blob cache usage.
  * Added new perf context statistics `blob_cache_hit_count`, `blob_read_count`, `blob_read_byte`, `blob_read_time`, `blob_checksum_time` and `blob_decompress_time`.
  * Added new tickers `BLOB_DB_CACHE_MISS`, `BLOB_DB_CACHE_HIT`, `BLOB_DB_CACHE_ADD`, `BLOB_DB_CACHE_ADD_FAILURES`, `BLOB_DB_CACHE_BYTES_READ` and `BLOB_DB_CACHE_BYTES_WRITE`.

### Behavior changes
* DB::Open(), DB::OpenAsSecondary() will fail if a Logger cannot be created (#9984)
* DB::Write does not hold global `mutex_` if this db instance does not need to switch wal and mem-table (#7516).
* Removed support for reading Bloom filters using obsolete block-based filter format. (Support for writing such filters was dropped in 7.0.) For good read performance on old DBs using these filters, a full compaction is required.
* Per KV checksum in write batch is verified before a write batch is written to WAL to detect any corruption to the write batch (#10114).

### Performance Improvements
* When compiled with folly (Meta-internal integration; experimental in open source build), improve the locking performance (CPU efficiency) of LRUCache by using folly DistributedMutex in place of standard mutex.

## 7.3.0 (05/20/2022)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug where manual flush would block forever even though flush options had wait=false.
* Fixed a bug where RocksDB could corrupt DBs with `avoid_flush_during_recovery == true` by removing valid WALs, leading to `Status::Corruption` with message like "SST file is ahead of WALs" when attempting to reopen.
* Fixed a bug in async_io path where incorrect length of data is read by FilePrefetchBuffer if data is consumed from two populated buffers and request for more data is sent.
* Fixed a CompactionFilter bug. Compaction filter used to use `Delete` to remove keys, even if the keys should be removed with `SingleDelete`. Mixing `Delete` and `SingleDelete` may cause undefined behavior.
* Fixed a bug in `WritableFileWriter::WriteDirect` and `WritableFileWriter::WriteDirectWithChecksum`. The rate_limiter_priority specified in ReadOptions was not passed to the RateLimiter when requesting a token.
* Fixed a bug which might cause process crash when I/O error happens when reading an index block in MultiGet().

### New Features
* DB::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo is ready for production use.
* Add new stats PREFETCHED_BYTES_DISCARDED which records number of prefetched bytes discarded by RocksDB FilePrefetchBuffer on destruction and POLL_WAIT_MICROS records wait time for FS::Poll API completion.
* RemoteCompaction supports table_properties_collector_factories override on compaction worker.
* Start tracking SST unique id in MANIFEST, which will be used to verify with SST properties during DB open to make sure the SST file is not overwritten or misplaced. A db option `verify_sst_unique_id_in_manifest` is introduced to enable/disable the verification, if enabled all SST files will be opened during DB-open to verify the unique id (default is false), so it's recommended to use it with `max_open_files = -1` to pre-open the files.
* Added the ability to concurrently read data blocks from multiple files in a level in batched MultiGet. This can be enabled by setting the async_io option in ReadOptions. Using this feature requires a FileSystem that supports ReadAsync (PosixFileSystem is not supported yet for this), and for RocksDB to be compiled with folly and c++20.
* Charge memory usage of file metadata. RocksDB holds one file metadata structure in-memory per on-disk table file. If an operation reserving memory for file metadata exceeds the avaible space left in the block
cache at some point (i.e, causing a cache full under `LRUCacheOptions::strict_capacity_limit` = true), creation will fail with `Status::MemoryLimit()`. To opt in this feature,  enable charging `CacheEntryRole::kFileMetadata` in `BlockBasedTableOptions::cache_usage_options`.

### Public API changes
* Add rollback_deletion_type_callback to TransactionDBOptions so that write-prepared transactions know whether to issue a Delete or SingleDelete to cancel a previous key written during prior prepare phase. The PR aims to prevent mixing SingleDeletes and Deletes for the same key that can lead to undefined behaviors for write-prepared transactions.
* EXPERIMENTAL: Add new API AbortIO in file_system to abort the read requests submitted asynchronously.
* CompactionFilter::Decision has a new value: kRemoveWithSingleDelete. If CompactionFilter returns this decision, then CompactionIterator will use `SingleDelete` to mark a key as removed.
* Renamed CompactionFilter::Decision::kRemoveWithSingleDelete to kPurge since the latter sounds more general and hides the implementation details of how compaction iterator handles keys.
* Added ability to specify functions for Prepare and Validate to OptionsTypeInfo.  Added methods to OptionTypeInfo to set the functions via an API.  These methods are intended for RocksDB plugin developers for configuration management.
* Added a new immutable db options, enforce_single_del_contracts. If set to false (default is true), compaction will NOT fail due to a single delete followed by a delete for the same key. The purpose of this temporay option is to help existing use cases migrate.
* Introduce `BlockBasedTableOptions::cache_usage_options` and use that to replace `BlockBasedTableOptions::reserve_table_builder_memory` and  `BlockBasedTableOptions::reserve_table_reader_memory`.
* Changed `GetUniqueIdFromTableProperties` to return a 128-bit unique identifier, which will be the standard size now. The old functionality (192-bit) is available from `GetExtendedUniqueIdFromTableProperties`. Both functions are no longer "experimental" and are ready for production use.
* In IOOptions, mark `prio` as deprecated for future removal.
* In `file_system.h`, mark `IOPriority` as deprecated for future removal.
* Add an option, `CompressionOptions::use_zstd_dict_trainer`, to indicate whether zstd dictionary trainer should be used for generating zstd compression dictionaries. The default value of this option is true for backward compatibility. When this option is set to false, zstd API `ZDICT_finalizeDictionary` is used to generate compression dictionaries.
* Seek API which positions itself every LevelIterator on the correct data block in the correct SST file which can be parallelized if ReadOptions.async_io option is enabled.
* Add new stat number_async_seek in PerfContext that indicates number of async calls made by seek to prefetch data.
* Add support for user-defined timestamps to read only DB.

### Bug Fixes
* RocksDB calls FileSystem::Poll API during FilePrefetchBuffer destruction which impacts performance as it waits for read requets completion which is not needed anymore. Calling FileSystem::AbortIO to abort those requests instead fixes that performance issue.
* Fixed unnecessary block cache contention when queries within a MultiGet batch and across parallel batches access the same data block, which previously could cause severely degraded performance in this unusual case. (In more typical MultiGet cases, this fix is expected to yield a small or negligible performance improvement.)

### Behavior changes
* Enforce the existing contract of SingleDelete so that SingleDelete cannot be mixed with Delete because it leads to undefined behavior. Fix a number of unit tests that violate the contract but happen to pass.
* ldb `--try_load_options` default to true if `--db` is specified and not creating a new DB, the user can still explicitly disable that by `--try_load_options=false` (or explicitly enable that by `--try_load_options`).
* During Flush write or Compaction write/read, the WriteController is used to determine whether DB writes are stalled or slowed down. The priority (Env::IOPriority) can then be determined accordingly and be passed in IOOptions to the file system.

### Performance Improvements
* Avoid calling malloc_usable_size() in LRU Cache's mutex.
* Reduce DB mutex holding time when finding obsolete files to delete. When a file is trivial moved to another level, the internal files will be referenced twice internally and sometimes opened twice too. If a deletion candidate file is not the last reference, we need to destroy the reference and close the file but not deleting the file. Right now we determine it by building a set of all live files. With the improvement, we check the file against all live LSM-tree versions instead.

## 7.2.0 (04/15/2022)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed bug which caused rocksdb failure in the situation when rocksdb was accessible using UNC path
* Fixed a race condition when 2PC is disabled and WAL tracking in the MANIFEST is enabled. The race condition is between two background flush threads trying to install flush results, causing a WAL deletion not tracked in the MANIFEST. A future DB open may fail.
* Fixed a heap use-after-free race with DropColumnFamily.
* Fixed a bug that `rocksdb.read.block.compaction.micros` cannot track compaction stats (#9722).
* Fixed `file_type`, `relative_filename` and `directory` fields returned by `GetLiveFilesMetaData()`, which were added in inheriting from `FileStorageInfo`.
* Fixed a bug affecting `track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest`. Without the fix, application may see "open error: Corruption: Missing WAL with log number" while trying to open the db. The corruption is a false alarm but prevents DB open (#9766).
* Fix segfault in FilePrefetchBuffer with async_io as it doesn't wait for pending jobs to complete on destruction.
* Fix ERROR_HANDLER_AUTORESUME_RETRY_COUNT stat whose value was set wrong in portal.h
* Fixed a bug for non-TransactionDB with avoid_flush_during_recovery = true and TransactionDB where in case of crash, min_log_number_to_keep may not change on recovery and persisting a new MANIFEST with advanced log_numbers for some column families, results in "column family inconsistency" error on second recovery. As a solution the corrupted WALs whose numbers are larger than the corrupted wal and smaller than the new WAL will be moved to archive folder.
* Fixed a bug in RocksDB DB::Open() which may creates and writes to two new MANIFEST files even before recovery succeeds. Now writes to MANIFEST are persisted only after recovery is successful.

### New Features
* For db_bench when --seed=0 or --seed is not set then it uses the current time as the seed value. Previously it used the value 1000.
* For db_bench when --benchmark lists multiple tests and each test uses a seed for a RNG then the seeds across tests will no longer be repeated.
* Added an option to dynamically charge an updating estimated memory usage of block-based table reader to block cache if block cache available. To enable this feature, set `BlockBasedTableOptions::reserve_table_reader_memory = true`.
* Add new stat ASYNC_READ_BYTES that calculates number of bytes read during async read call and users can check if async code path is being called by RocksDB internal automatic prefetching for sequential reads.
* Enable async prefetching if ReadOptions.readahead_size is set along with ReadOptions.async_io in FilePrefetchBuffer.
* Add event listener support on remote compaction compactor side.
* Added a dedicated integer DB property `rocksdb.live-blob-file-garbage-size` that exposes the total amount of garbage in the blob files in the current version.
* RocksDB does internal auto prefetching if it notices sequential reads. It starts with readahead size `initial_auto_readahead_size` which now can be configured through BlockBasedTableOptions.
* Add a merge operator that allows users to register specific aggregation function so that they can does aggregation using different aggregation types for different keys. See comments in include/rocksdb/utilities/agg_merge.h for actual usage. The feature is experimental and the format is subject to change and we won't provide a migration tool.
* Meta-internal / Experimental: Improve CPU performance by replacing many uses of std::unordered_map with folly::F14FastMap when RocksDB is compiled together with Folly.
* Experimental: Add CompressedSecondaryCache, a concrete implementation of rocksdb::SecondaryCache, that integrates with compression libraries (e.g. LZ4) to hold compressed blocks.

### Behavior changes
* Disallow usage of commit-time-write-batch for write-prepared/write-unprepared transactions if TransactionOptions::use_only_the_last_commit_time_batch_for_recovery is false to prevent two (or more) uncommitted versions of the same key in the database. Otherwise, bottommost compaction may violate the internal key uniqueness invariant of SSTs if the sequence numbers of both internal keys are zeroed out (#9794).
* Make DB::GetUpdatesSince() return NotSupported early for write-prepared/write-unprepared transactions, as the API contract indicates.

### Public API changes
* Exposed APIs to examine results of block cache stats collections in a structured way. In particular, users of `GetMapProperty()` with property `kBlockCacheEntryStats` can now use the functions in `BlockCacheEntryStatsMapKeys` to find stats in the map.
* Add `fail_if_not_bottommost_level` to IngestExternalFileOptions so that ingestion will fail if the file(s) cannot be ingested to the bottommost level.
* Add output parameter `is_in_sec_cache` to `SecondaryCache::Lookup()`. It is to indicate whether the handle is possibly erased from the secondary cache after the Lookup.

## 7.1.0 (03/23/2022)
### New Features
* Allow WriteBatchWithIndex to index a WriteBatch that includes keys with user-defined timestamps. The index itself does not have timestamp.
* Add support for user-defined timestamps to write-committed transaction without API change. The `TransactionDB` layer APIs do not allow timestamps because we require that all user-defined-timestamps-aware operations go through the `Transaction` APIs.
* Added BlobDB options to `ldb`
* `BlockBasedTableOptions::detect_filter_construct_corruption` can now be dynamically configured using `DB::SetOptions`.
* Automatically recover from retryable read IO errors during backgorund flush/compaction.
* Experimental support for preserving file Temperatures through backup and restore, and for updating DB metadata for outside changes to file Temperature (`UpdateManifestForFilesState` or `ldb update_manifest --update_temperatures`).
* Experimental support for async_io in ReadOptions which is used by FilePrefetchBuffer to prefetch some of the data asynchronously,  if reads are sequential and auto readahead is enabled by rocksdb internally.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a major performance bug in which Bloom filters generated by pre-7.0 releases are not read by early 7.0.x releases (and vice-versa) due to changes to FilterPolicy::Name() in #9590. This can severely impact read performance and read I/O on upgrade or downgrade with existing DB, but not data correctness.
* Fixed a data race on `versions_` between `DBImpl::ResumeImpl()` and threads waiting for recovery to complete (#9496)
* Fixed a bug caused by race among flush, incoming writes and taking snapshots. Queries to snapshots created with these race condition can return incorrect result, e.g. resurfacing deleted data.
* Fixed a bug that DB flush uses `options.compression` even `options.compression_per_level` is set.
* Fixed a bug that DisableManualCompaction may assert when disable an unscheduled manual compaction.
* Fix a race condition when cancel manual compaction with `DisableManualCompaction`. Also DB close can cancel the manual compaction thread.
* Fixed a potential timer crash when open close DB concurrently.
* Fixed a race condition for `alive_log_files_` in non-two-write-queues mode. The race is between the write_thread_ in WriteToWAL() and another thread executing `FindObsoleteFiles()`. The race condition will be caught if `__glibcxx_requires_nonempty` is enabled.
* Fixed a bug that `Iterator::Refresh()` reads stale keys after DeleteRange() performed.
* Fixed a race condition when disable and re-enable manual compaction.
* Fixed automatic error recovery failure in atomic flush.
* Fixed a race condition when mmaping a WritableFile on POSIX.

### Public API changes
* Added pure virtual FilterPolicy::CompatibilityName(), which is needed for fixing major performance bug involving FilterPolicy naming in SST metadata without affecting Customizable aspect of FilterPolicy. This change only affects those with their own custom or wrapper FilterPolicy classes.
* `options.compression_per_level` is dynamically changeable with `SetOptions()`.
* Added `WriteOptions::rate_limiter_priority`. When set to something other than `Env::IO_TOTAL`, the internal rate limiter (`DBOptions::rate_limiter`) will be charged at the specified priority for writes associated with the API to which the `WriteOptions` was provided. Currently the support covers automatic WAL flushes, which happen during live updates (`Put()`, `Write()`, `Delete()`, etc.) when `WriteOptions::disableWAL == false` and `DBOptions::manual_wal_flush == false`.
* Add DB::OpenAndTrimHistory API. This API will open DB and trim data to the timestamp specified by trim_ts (The data with timestamp larger than specified trim bound will be removed). This API should only be used at a timestamp-enabled column families recovery. If the column family doesn't have timestamp enabled, this API won't trim any data on that column family. This API is not compatible with avoid_flush_during_recovery option.
* Remove BlockBasedTableOptions.hash_index_allow_collision which already takes no effect.

## 7.0.0 (02/20/2022)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a major bug in which batched MultiGet could return old values for keys deleted by DeleteRange when memtable Bloom filter is enabled (memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio > 0). (The fix includes a substantial MultiGet performance improvement in the unusual case of both memtable_whole_key_filtering and prefix_extractor.)
* Fixed more cases of EventListener::OnTableFileCreated called with OK status, file_size==0, and no SST file kept. Now the status is Aborted.
* Fixed a read-after-free bug in `DB::GetMergeOperands()`.
* Fix a data loss bug for 2PC write-committed transaction caused by concurrent transaction commit and memtable switch (#9571).
* Fixed NUM_INDEX_AND_FILTER_BLOCKS_READ_PER_LEVEL, NUM_DATA_BLOCKS_READ_PER_LEVEL, and NUM_SST_READ_PER_LEVEL stats to be reported once per MultiGet batch per level.

### Performance Improvements
* Mitigated the overhead of building the file location hash table used by the online LSM tree consistency checks, which can improve performance for certain workloads (see #9351).
* Switched to using a sorted `std::vector` instead of `std::map` for storing the metadata objects for blob files, which can improve performance for certain workloads, especially when the number of blob files is high.
* DisableManualCompaction() doesn't have to wait scheduled manual compaction to be executed in thread-pool to cancel the job.

### Public API changes
* Require C++17 compatible compiler (GCC >= 7, Clang >= 5, Visual Studio >= 2017) for compiling RocksDB and any code using RocksDB headers. See #9388.
* Added `ReadOptions::rate_limiter_priority`. When set to something other than `Env::IO_TOTAL`, the internal rate limiter (`DBOptions::rate_limiter`) will be charged at the specified priority for file reads associated with the API to which the `ReadOptions` was provided.
* Remove HDFS support from main repo.
* Remove librados support from main repo.
* Remove obsolete backupable_db.h and type alias `BackupableDBOptions`. Use backup_engine.h and `BackupEngineOptions`. Similar renamings are in the C and Java APIs.
* Removed obsolete utility_db.h and `UtilityDB::OpenTtlDB`. Use db_ttl.h and `DBWithTTL::Open`.
* Remove deprecated API DB::AddFile from main repo.
* Remove deprecated API ObjectLibrary::Register() and the (now obsolete) Regex public API. Use ObjectLibrary::AddFactory() with PatternEntry instead.
* Remove deprecated option DBOption::table_cache_remove_scan_count_limit.
* Remove deprecated API AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions::soft_rate_limit.
* Remove deprecated API AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions::hard_rate_limit.
* Remove deprecated API DBOption::base_background_compactions.
* Remove deprecated API DBOptions::purge_redundant_kvs_while_flush.
* Remove deprecated overloads of API DB::CompactRange.
* Remove deprecated option DBOptions::skip_log_error_on_recovery.
* Remove ReadOptions::iter_start_seqnum which has been deprecated.
* Remove DBOptions::preserved_deletes and DB::SetPreserveDeletesSequenceNumber().
* Remove deprecated API AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions::rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds.
* Removed timestamp from WriteOptions. Accordingly, added to DB APIs Put, Delete, SingleDelete, etc. accepting an additional argument 'timestamp'. Added Put, Delete, SingleDelete, etc to WriteBatch accepting an additional argument 'timestamp'. Removed WriteBatch::AssignTimestamps(vector<Slice>) API. Renamed WriteBatch::AssignTimestamp() to WriteBatch::UpdateTimestamps() with clarified comments.
* Changed type of cache buffer passed to `Cache::CreateCallback` from `void*` to `const void*`.
* Significant updates to FilterPolicy-related APIs and configuration:
  * Remove public API support for deprecated, inefficient block-based filter (use_block_based_builder=true).
    * Old code and configuration strings that would enable it now quietly enable full filters instead, though any built-in FilterPolicy can still read block-based filters. This includes changing the longstanding default behavior of the Java API.
    * Remove deprecated FilterPolicy::CreateFilter() and FilterPolicy::KeyMayMatch()
    * Remove `rocksdb_filterpolicy_create()` from C API, as the only C API support for custom filter policies is now obsolete.
    * If temporary memory usage in full filter creation is a problem, consider using partitioned filters, smaller SST files, or setting reserve_table_builder_memory=true.
  * Remove support for "filter_policy=experimental_ribbon" configuration
  string. Use something like "filter_policy=ribbonfilter:10" instead.
  * Allow configuration string like "filter_policy=bloomfilter:10" without
  bool, to minimize acknowledgement of obsolete block-based filter.
  * Made FilterPolicy Customizable. Configuration of filter_policy is now accurately saved in OPTIONS file and can be loaded with LoadOptionsFromFile. (Loading an OPTIONS file generated by a previous version only enables reading and using existing filters, not generating new filters. Previously, no filter_policy would be configured from a saved OPTIONS file.)
  * Change meaning of nullptr return from GetBuilderWithContext() from "use
    block-based filter" to "generate no filter in this case."
    * Also, when user specifies bits_per_key < 0.5, we now round this down
    to "no filter" because we expect a filter with >= 80% FP rate is
    unlikely to be worth the CPU cost of accessing it (esp with
    cache_index_and_filter_blocks=1 or partition_filters=1).
    * bits_per_key >= 0.5 and < 1.0 is still rounded up to 1.0 (for 62% FP
    rate)
  * Remove class definitions for FilterBitsBuilder and FilterBitsReader from
    public API, so these can evolve more easily as implementation details.
    Custom FilterPolicy can still decide what kind of built-in filter to use
    under what conditions.
  * Also removed deprecated functions
    * FilterPolicy::GetFilterBitsBuilder()
    * NewExperimentalRibbonFilterPolicy()
  * Remove default implementations of
    * FilterPolicy::GetBuilderWithContext()
* Remove default implementation of Name() from FileSystemWrapper.
* Rename `SizeApproximationOptions.include_memtabtles` to `SizeApproximationOptions.include_memtables`.
* Remove deprecated option DBOptions::max_mem_compaction_level.
* Return Status::InvalidArgument from ObjectRegistry::NewObject if a factory exists but the object ould not be created (returns NotFound if the factory is missing).
* Remove deprecated overloads of API DB::GetApproximateSizes.
* Remove deprecated option DBOptions::new_table_reader_for_compaction_inputs.
* Add Transaction::SetReadTimestampForValidation() and Transaction::SetCommitTimestamp(). Default impl returns NotSupported().
* Add support for decimal patterns to ObjectLibrary::PatternEntry
* Remove deprecated remote compaction APIs `CompactionService::Start()` and `CompactionService::WaitForComplete()`. Please use `CompactionService::StartV2()`, `CompactionService::WaitForCompleteV2()` instead, which provides the same information plus extra data like priority, db_id, etc.
* `ColumnFamilyOptions::OldDefaults` and `DBOptions::OldDefaults` are marked deprecated, as they are no longer maintained.
* Add subcompaction callback APIs: `OnSubcompactionBegin()` and `OnSubcompactionCompleted()`.
* Add file Temperature information to `FileOperationInfo` in event listener API.
* Change the type of SizeApproximationFlags from enum to enum class. Also update the signature of DB::GetApproximateSizes API from uint8_t to SizeApproximationFlags.
* Add Temperature hints information from RocksDB in API `NewSequentialFile()`. backup and checkpoint operations need to open the source files with `NewSequentialFile()`, which will have the temperature hints. Other operations are not covered.

### Behavior Changes
* Disallow the combination of DBOptions.use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction == true and DBOptions.writable_file_max_buffer_size == 0. This combination can cause WritableFileWriter::Append() to loop forever, and it does not make much sense in direct IO.
* `ReadOptions::total_order_seek` no longer affects `DB::Get()`. The original motivation for this interaction has been obsolete since RocksDB has been able to detect whether the current prefix extractor is compatible with that used to generate table files, probably RocksDB 5.14.0.

## New Features
* Introduced an option `BlockBasedTableOptions::detect_filter_construct_corruption` for detecting corruption during Bloom Filter (format_version >= 5) and Ribbon Filter construction.
* Improved the SstDumpTool to read the comparator from table properties and use it to read the SST File.
* Extended the column family statistics in the info log so the total amount of garbage in the blob files and the blob file space amplification factor are also logged. Also exposed the blob file space amp via the `rocksdb.blob-stats` DB property.
* Introduced the API rocksdb_create_dir_if_missing in c.h that calls underlying file system's CreateDirIfMissing API to create the directory.
* Added last level and non-last level read statistics: `LAST_LEVEL_READ_*`, `NON_LAST_LEVEL_READ_*`.
* Experimental: Add support for new APIs ReadAsync in FSRandomAccessFile that reads the data asynchronously and Poll API in FileSystem that checks if requested read request has completed or not. ReadAsync takes a callback function. Poll API checks for completion of read IO requests and  should call callback functions to indicate completion of read requests.

## 6.29.0 (01/21/2022)
Note: The next release will be major release 7.0. See https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/issues/9390 for more info.
### Public API change
* Added values to `TraceFilterType`: `kTraceFilterIteratorSeek`, `kTraceFilterIteratorSeekForPrev`, and `kTraceFilterMultiGet`. They can be set in `TraceOptions` to filter out the operation types after which they are named.
* Added `TraceOptions::preserve_write_order`. When enabled it  guarantees write records are traced in the same order they are logged to WAL and applied to the DB. By default it is disabled (false) to match the legacy behavior and prevent regression.
* Made the Env class extend the Customizable class.  Implementations need to be registered with the ObjectRegistry and to implement a Name() method in order to be created via this method.
* `Options::OldDefaults` is marked deprecated, as it is no longer maintained.
* Add ObjectLibrary::AddFactory and ObjectLibrary::PatternEntry classes.  This method and associated class are the preferred mechanism for registering factories with the ObjectLibrary going forward.  The ObjectLibrary::Register method, which uses regular expressions and may be problematic, is deprecated and will be in a future release.
* Changed `BlockBasedTableOptions::block_size` from `size_t` to `uint64_t`.
* Added API warning against using `Iterator::Refresh()` together with `DB::DeleteRange()`, which are incompatible and have always risked causing the refreshed iterator to return incorrect results.
* Made `AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions.bottommost_temperature` dynamically changeable with `SetOptions()`.

### Behavior Changes
* `DB::DestroyColumnFamilyHandle()` will return Status::InvalidArgument() if called with `DB::DefaultColumnFamily()`.
* On 32-bit platforms, mmap reads are no longer quietly disabled, just discouraged.

### New Features
* Added `Options::DisableExtraChecks()` that can be used to improve peak write performance by disabling checks that should not be necessary in the absence of software logic errors or CPU+memory hardware errors. (Default options are slowly moving toward some performance overheads for extra correctness checking.)

### Performance Improvements
* Improved read performance when a prefix extractor is used (Seek, Get, MultiGet), even compared to version 6.25 baseline (see bug fix below), by optimizing the common case of prefix extractor compatible with table file and unchanging.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug that FlushMemTable may return ok even flush not succeed.
* Fixed a bug of Sync() and Fsync() not using `fcntl(F_FULLFSYNC)` on OS X and iOS.
* Fixed a significant performance regression in version 6.26 when a prefix extractor is used on the read path (Seek, Get, MultiGet). (Excessive time was spent in SliceTransform::AsString().)
* Fixed a race condition in SstFileManagerImpl error recovery code that can cause a crash during process shutdown.

### New Features
* Added RocksJava support for MacOS universal binary (ARM+x86)

## 6.28.0 (2021-12-17)
### New Features
* Introduced 'CommitWithTimestamp' as a new tag. Currently, there is no API for user to trigger a write with this tag to the WAL. This is part of the efforts to support write-commited transactions with user-defined timestamps.
* Introduce SimulatedHybridFileSystem which can help simulating HDD latency in db_bench. Tiered Storage latency simulation can be enabled using -simulate_hybrid_fs_file (note that it doesn't work if db_bench is interrupted in the middle). -simulate_hdd can also be used to simulate all files on HDD.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug in rocksdb automatic implicit prefetching which got broken because of new feature adaptive_readahead and internal prefetching got disabled when iterator moves from one file to next.
* Fixed a bug in TableOptions.prepopulate_block_cache which causes segmentation fault when used with TableOptions.partition_filters = true and TableOptions.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true.
* Fixed a bug affecting custom memtable factories which are not registered with the `ObjectRegistry`. The bug could result in failure to save the OPTIONS file.
* Fixed a bug causing two duplicate entries to be appended to a file opened in non-direct mode and tracked by `FaultInjectionTestFS`.
* Fixed a bug in TableOptions.prepopulate_block_cache to support block-based filters also.
* Block cache keys no longer use `FSRandomAccessFile::GetUniqueId()` (previously used when available), so a filesystem recycling unique ids can no longer lead to incorrect result or crash (#7405). For files generated by RocksDB >= 6.24, the cache keys are stable across DB::Open and DB directory move / copy / import / export / migration, etc. Although collisions are still theoretically possible, they are (a) impossible in many common cases, (b) not dependent on environmental factors, and (c) much less likely than a CPU miscalculation while executing RocksDB.
* Fixed a bug in C bindings causing iterator to return incorrect result (#9343).

### Behavior Changes
* MemTableList::TrimHistory now use allocated bytes when max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain > 0(default in TrasactionDB, introduced in PR#5022) Fix #8371.

### Public API change
* Extend WriteBatch::AssignTimestamp and AssignTimestamps API so that both functions can accept an optional `checker` argument that performs additional checking on timestamp sizes.
* Introduce a new EventListener callback that will be called upon the end of automatic error recovery.
* Add IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow API so users can advance each column family's full_history_ts_low separately.
* Add GetFullHistoryTsLow API so users can query current full_history_low value of specified column family.

### Performance Improvements
* Replaced map property `TableProperties::properties_offsets`  with uint64_t property `external_sst_file_global_seqno_offset` to save table properties's memory.
* Block cache accesses are faster by RocksDB using cache keys of fixed size (16 bytes).

### Java API Changes
* Removed Java API `TableProperties.getPropertiesOffsets()` as it exposed internal details to external users.

## 6.27.0 (2021-11-19)
### New Features
* Added new ChecksumType kXXH3 which is faster than kCRC32c on almost all x86\_64 hardware.
* Added a new online consistency check for BlobDB which validates that the number/total size of garbage blobs does not exceed the number/total size of all blobs in any given blob file.
* Provided support for tracking per-sst user-defined timestamp information in MANIFEST.
* Added new option "adaptive_readahead" in ReadOptions. For iterators, RocksDB does auto-readahead on noticing sequential reads and by enabling this option, readahead_size of current file (if reads are sequential) will be carried forward to next file instead of starting from the scratch at each level (except L0 level files). If reads are not sequential it will fall back to 8KB. This option is applicable only for RocksDB internal prefetch buffer and isn't supported with underlying file system prefetching.
* Added the read count and read bytes related stats to Statistics for tiered storage hot, warm, and cold file reads.
* Added an option to dynamically charge an updating estimated memory usage of block-based table building to block cache if block cache available. It currently only includes charging memory usage of constructing (new) Bloom Filter and Ribbon Filter to block cache. To enable this feature, set `BlockBasedTableOptions::reserve_table_builder_memory = true`.
* Add a new API OnIOError in listener.h that notifies listeners when an IO error occurs during FileSystem operation along with filename, status etc.
* Added compaction readahead support for blob files to the integrated BlobDB implementation, which can improve compaction performance when the database resides on higher-latency storage like HDDs or remote filesystems. Readahead can be configured using the column family option `blob_compaction_readahead_size`.

### Bug Fixes
* Prevent a `CompactRange()` with `CompactRangeOptions::change_level == true` from possibly causing corruption to the LSM state (overlapping files within a level) when run in parallel with another manual compaction. Note that setting `force_consistency_checks == true` (the default) would cause the DB to enter read-only mode in this scenario and return `Status::Corruption`, rather than committing any corruption.
* Fixed a bug in CompactionIterator when write-prepared transaction is used. A released earliest write conflict snapshot may cause assertion failure in dbg mode and unexpected key in opt mode.
* Fix ticker WRITE_WITH_WAL("rocksdb.write.wal"), this bug is caused by a bad extra `RecordTick(stats_, WRITE_WITH_WAL)` (at 2 place), this fix remove the extra `RecordTick`s and fix the corresponding test case.
* EventListener::OnTableFileCreated was previously called with OK status and file_size==0 in cases of no SST file contents written (because there was no content to add) and the empty file deleted before calling the listener. Now the status is Aborted.
* Fixed a bug in CompactionIterator when write-preared transaction is used. Releasing earliest_snapshot during compaction may cause a SingleDelete to be output after a PUT of the same user key whose seq has been zeroed.
* Added input sanitization on negative bytes passed into `GenericRateLimiter::Request`.
* Fixed an assertion failure in CompactionIterator when write-prepared transaction is used. We prove that certain operations can lead to a Delete being followed by a SingleDelete (same user key). We can drop the SingleDelete.
* Fixed a bug of timestamp-based GC which can cause all versions of a key under full_history_ts_low to be dropped. This bug will be triggered when some of the ikeys' timestamps are lower than full_history_ts_low, while others are newer.
* In some cases outside of the DB read and compaction paths, SST block checksums are now checked where they were not before.
* Explicitly check for and disallow the `BlockBasedTableOptions` if insertion into one of {`block_cache`, `block_cache_compressed`, `persistent_cache`} can show up in another of these. (RocksDB expects to be able to use the same key for different physical data among tiers.)
* Users who configured a dedicated thread pool for bottommost compactions by explicitly adding threads to the `Env::Priority::BOTTOM` pool will no longer see RocksDB schedule automatic compactions exceeding the DB's compaction concurrency limit. For details on per-DB compaction concurrency limit, see API docs of `max_background_compactions` and `max_background_jobs`.
* Fixed a bug of background flush thread picking more memtables to flush and prematurely advancing column family's log_number.
* Fixed an assertion failure in ManifestTailer.
* Fixed a bug that could, with WAL enabled, cause backups, checkpoints, and `GetSortedWalFiles()` to fail randomly with an error like `IO error: 001234.log: No such file or directory`

### Behavior Changes
* `NUM_FILES_IN_SINGLE_COMPACTION` was only counting the first input level files, now it's including all input files.
* `TransactionUtil::CheckKeyForConflicts` can also perform conflict-checking based on user-defined timestamps in addition to sequence numbers.
* Removed `GenericRateLimiter`'s minimum refill bytes per period previously enforced.

### Public API change
* When options.ttl is used with leveled compaction with compactinon priority kMinOverlappingRatio, files exceeding half of TTL value will be prioritized more, so that by the time TTL is reached, fewer extra compactions will be scheduled to clear them up. At the same time, when compacting files with data older than half of TTL, output files may be cut off based on those files' boundaries, in order for the early TTL compaction to work properly.
* Made FileSystem and RateLimiter extend the Customizable class and added a CreateFromString method.  Implementations need to be registered with the ObjectRegistry and to implement a Name() method in order to be created via this method.
* Clarified in API comments that RocksDB is not exception safe for callbacks and custom extensions. An exception propagating into RocksDB can lead to undefined behavior, including data loss, unreported corruption, deadlocks, and more.
* Marked `WriteBufferManager` as `final` because it is not intended for extension.
* Removed unimportant implementation details from table_properties.h
* Add API `FSDirectory::FsyncWithDirOptions()`, which provides extra information like directory fsync reason in `DirFsyncOptions`. File system like btrfs is using that to skip directory fsync for creating a new file, or when renaming a file, fsync the target file instead of the directory, which improves the `DB::Open()` speed by ~20%.
* `DB::Open()` is not going be blocked by obsolete file purge if `DBOptions::avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io` is set to true.
* In builds where glibc provides `gettid()`, info log ("LOG" file) lines now print a system-wide thread ID from `gettid()` instead of the process-local `pthread_self()`. For all users, the thread ID format is changed from hexadecimal to decimal integer.
* In builds where glibc provides `pthread_setname_np()`, the background thread names no longer contain an ID suffix. For example, "rocksdb:bottom7" (and all other threads in the `Env::Priority::BOTTOM` pool) are now named "rocksdb:bottom". Previously large thread pools could breach the name size limit (e.g., naming "rocksdb:bottom10" would fail).
* Deprecating `ReadOptions::iter_start_seqnum` and `DBOptions::preserve_deletes`, please try using user defined timestamp feature instead. The options will be removed in a future release, currently it logs a warning message when using.

### Performance Improvements
* Released some memory related to filter construction earlier in `BlockBasedTableBuilder` for `FullFilter` and `PartitionedFilter` case (#9070)

### Behavior Changes
* `NUM_FILES_IN_SINGLE_COMPACTION` was only counting the first input level files, now it's including all input files.

## 6.26.0 (2021-10-20)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixes a bug in directed IO mode when calling MultiGet() for blobs in the same blob file. The bug is caused by not sorting the blob read requests by file offsets.
* Fix the incorrect disabling of SST rate limited deletion when the WAL and DB are in different directories. Only WAL rate limited deletion should be disabled if its in a different directory.
* Fix `DisableManualCompaction()` to cancel compactions even when they are waiting on automatic compactions to drain due to `CompactRangeOptions::exclusive_manual_compactions == true`.
* Fix contract of `Env::ReopenWritableFile()` and `FileSystem::ReopenWritableFile()` to specify any existing file must not be deleted or truncated.
* Fixed bug in calls to `IngestExternalFiles()` with files for multiple column families. The bug could have introduced a delay in ingested file keys becoming visible after `IngestExternalFiles()` returned. Furthermore, mutations to ingested file keys while they were invisible could have been dropped (not necessarily immediately).
* Fixed a possible race condition impacting users of `WriteBufferManager` who constructed it with `allow_stall == true`. The race condition led to undefined behavior (in our experience, typically a process crash).
* Fixed a bug where stalled writes would remain stalled forever after the user calls `WriteBufferManager::SetBufferSize()` with `new_size == 0` to dynamically disable memory limiting.
* Make `DB::close()` thread-safe.
* Fix a bug in atomic flush where one bg flush thread will wait forever for a preceding bg flush thread to commit its result to MANIFEST but encounters an error which is mapped to a soft error (DB not stopped).
* Fix a bug in `BackupEngine` where some internal callers of `GenericRateLimiter::Request()` do not honor `bytes <= GetSingleBurstBytes()`.

### New Features
* Print information about blob files when using "ldb list_live_files_metadata"
* Provided support for SingleDelete with user defined timestamp.
* Experimental new function DB::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo offers essentially a unified version of other functions like GetLiveFiles, GetLiveFilesChecksumInfo, and GetSortedWalFiles. Checkpoints and backups could show small behavioral changes and/or improved performance as they now use this new API.
* Add remote compaction read/write bytes statistics: `REMOTE_COMPACT_READ_BYTES`, `REMOTE_COMPACT_WRITE_BYTES`.
* Introduce an experimental feature to dump out the blocks from block cache and insert them to the secondary cache to reduce the cache warmup time (e.g., used while migrating DB instance). More information are in `class CacheDumper` and `CacheDumpedLoader` at `rocksdb/utilities/cache_dump_load.h` Note that, this feature is subject to the potential change in the future, it is still experimental.
* Introduced a new BlobDB configuration option `blob_garbage_collection_force_threshold`, which can be used to trigger compactions targeting the SST files which reference the oldest blob files when the ratio of garbage in those blob files meets or exceeds the specified threshold. This can reduce space amplification with skewed workloads where the affected SST files might not otherwise get picked up for compaction.
* Added EXPERIMENTAL support for table file (SST) unique identifiers that are stable and universally unique, available with new function `GetUniqueIdFromTableProperties`. Only SST files from RocksDB >= 6.24 support unique IDs.
* Added `GetMapProperty()` support for "rocksdb.dbstats" (`DB::Properties::kDBStats`). As a map property, it includes DB-level internal stats accumulated over the DB's lifetime, such as user write related stats and uptime.

### Public API change
* Made SystemClock extend the Customizable class and added a CreateFromString method.  Implementations need to be registered with the ObjectRegistry and to implement a Name() method in order to be created via this method.
* Made SliceTransform extend the Customizable class and added a CreateFromString method.  Implementations need to be registered with the ObjectRegistry and to implement a Name() method in order to be created via this method.  The Capped and Prefixed transform classes return a short name (no length); use GetId for the fully qualified name.
* Made FileChecksumGenFactory, SstPartitionerFactory, TablePropertiesCollectorFactory, and WalFilter extend the Customizable class and added a CreateFromString method.
* Some fields of SstFileMetaData are deprecated for compatibility with new base class FileStorageInfo.
* Add `file_temperature` to `IngestExternalFileArg` such that when ingesting SST files, we are able to indicate the temperature of the this batch of files.
* If `DB::Close()` failed with a non aborted status, calling `DB::Close()` again will return the original status instead of Status::OK.
* Add CacheTier to advanced_options.h to describe the cache tier we used. Add a `lowest_used_cache_tier` option to `DBOptions` (immutable) and pass it to BlockBasedTableReader. By default it is `CacheTier::kNonVolatileBlockTier`, which means, we always use both block cache (kVolatileTier) and secondary cache (kNonVolatileBlockTier). By set it to `CacheTier::kVolatileTier`, the DB will not use the secondary cache.
* Even when options.max_compaction_bytes is hit, compaction output files are only cut when it aligns with grandparent files' boundaries. options.max_compaction_bytes could be slightly violated with the change, but the violation is no more than one target SST file size, which is usually much smaller.

### Performance Improvements
* Improved CPU efficiency of building block-based table (SST) files (#9039 and #9040).

### Java API Changes
* Add Java API bindings for new integrated BlobDB options
* `keyMayExist()` supports ByteBuffer.
* Fix multiget throwing Null Pointer Exception for num of keys > 70k (https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/issues/8039).

## 6.25.0 (2021-09-20)
### Bug Fixes
* Allow secondary instance to refresh iterator. Assign read seq after referencing SuperVersion.
* Fixed a bug of secondary instance's last_sequence going backward, and reads on the secondary fail to see recent updates from the primary.
* Fixed a bug that could lead to duplicate DB ID or DB session ID in POSIX environments without /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid.
* Fix a race in DumpStats() with column family destruction due to not taking a Ref on each entry while iterating the ColumnFamilySet.
* Fix a race in item ref counting in LRUCache when promoting an item from the SecondaryCache.
* Fix a race in BackupEngine if RateLimiter is reconfigured during concurrent Restore operations.
* Fix a bug on POSIX in which failure to create a lock file (e.g. out of space) can prevent future LockFile attempts in the same process on the same file from succeeding.
* Fix a bug that backup_rate_limiter and restore_rate_limiter in BackupEngine could not limit read rates.
* Fix the implementation of `prepopulate_block_cache = kFlushOnly` to only apply to flushes rather than to all generated files.
* Fix WAL log data corruption when using DBOptions.manual_wal_flush(true) and WriteOptions.sync(true) together. The sync WAL should work with locked log_write_mutex_.
* Add checks for validity of the IO uring completion queue entries, and fail the BlockBasedTableReader MultiGet sub-batch if there's an invalid completion
* Add an interface RocksDbIOUringEnable() that, if defined by the user, will allow them to enable/disable the use of IO uring by RocksDB
* Fix the bug that when direct I/O is used and MultiRead() returns a short result, RandomAccessFileReader::MultiRead() still returns full size buffer, with returned short value together with some data in original buffer. This bug is unlikely cause incorrect results, because (1) since FileSystem layer is expected to retry on short result, returning short results is only possible when asking more bytes in the end of the file, which RocksDB doesn't do when using MultiRead(); (2) checksum is unlikely to match.

### New Features
* RemoteCompaction's interface now includes `db_name`, `db_id`, `session_id`, which could help the user uniquely identify compaction job between db instances and sessions.
* Added a ticker statistic, "rocksdb.verify_checksum.read.bytes", reporting how many bytes were read from file to serve `VerifyChecksum()` and `VerifyFileChecksums()` queries.
* Added ticker statistics, "rocksdb.backup.read.bytes" and "rocksdb.backup.write.bytes", reporting how many bytes were read and written during backup.
* Added properties for BlobDB: `rocksdb.num-blob-files`, `rocksdb.blob-stats`, `rocksdb.total-blob-file-size`, and `rocksdb.live-blob-file-size`. The existing property `rocksdb.estimate_live-data-size` was also extended to include live bytes residing in blob files.
* Added two new RateLimiter IOPriorities: `Env::IO_USER`,`Env::IO_MID`. `Env::IO_USER` will have superior priority over all other RateLimiter IOPriorities without being subject to fair scheduling constraint.
* `SstFileWriter` now supports `Put`s and `Delete`s with user-defined timestamps. Note that the ingestion logic itself is not timestamp-aware yet.
* Allow a single write batch to include keys from multiple column families whose timestamps' formats can differ. For example, some column families may disable timestamp, while others enable timestamp.
* Add compaction priority information in RemoteCompaction, which can be used to schedule high priority job first.
* Added new callback APIs `OnBlobFileCreationStarted`,`OnBlobFileCreated`and `OnBlobFileDeleted` in `EventListener` class of listener.h. It notifies listeners during creation/deletion of individual blob files in Integrated BlobDB. It also log blob file creation finished event and deletion event in LOG file.
* Batch blob read requests for `DB::MultiGet` using `MultiRead`.
* Add support for fallback to local compaction, the user can return `CompactionServiceJobStatus::kUseLocal` to instruct RocksDB to run the compaction locally instead of waiting for the remote compaction result.
* Add built-in rate limiter's implementation of `RateLimiter::GetTotalPendingRequest(int64_t* total_pending_requests, const Env::IOPriority pri)` for the total number of requests that are pending for bytes in the rate limiter.
* Charge memory usage during data buffering, from which training samples are gathered for dictionary compression, to block cache. Unbuffering data can now be triggered if the block cache becomes full and `strict_capacity_limit=true` for the block cache, in addition to existing conditions that can trigger unbuffering.

### Public API change
* Remove obsolete implementation details FullKey and ParseFullKey from public API
* Change `SstFileMetaData::size` from `size_t` to `uint64_t`.
* Made Statistics extend the Customizable class and added a CreateFromString method.  Implementations of Statistics need to be registered with the ObjectRegistry and to implement a Name() method in order to be created via this method.
* Extended `FlushJobInfo` and `CompactionJobInfo` in listener.h to provide information about the blob files generated by a flush/compaction and garbage collected during compaction in Integrated BlobDB. Added struct members `blob_file_addition_infos` and `blob_file_garbage_infos` that contain this information.
* Extended parameter `output_file_names` of `CompactFiles` API to also include paths of the blob files generated by the compaction in Integrated BlobDB.
* Most `BackupEngine` functions now return `IOStatus` instead of `Status`. Most existing code should be compatible with this change but some calls might need to be updated.
* Add a new field `level_at_creation` in `TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context` to capture the level at creating the SST file (i.e, table), of which the properties are being collected.

### Miscellaneous
* Add a paranoid check where in case FileSystem layer doesn't fill the buffer but returns succeed, checksum is unlikely to match even if buffer contains a previous block. The byte modified is not useful anyway, so it isn't expected to change any behavior when FileSystem is satisfying its contract.

## 6.24.0 (2021-08-20)
### Bug Fixes
* If the primary's CURRENT file is missing or inaccessible, the secondary instance should not hang repeatedly trying to switch to a new MANIFEST. It should instead return the error code encountered while accessing the file.
* Restoring backups with BackupEngine is now a logically atomic operation, so that if a restore operation is interrupted, DB::Open on it will fail. Using BackupEngineOptions::sync (default) ensures atomicity even in case of power loss or OS crash.
* Fixed a race related to the destruction of `ColumnFamilyData` objects. The earlier logic unlocked the DB mutex before destroying the thread-local `SuperVersion` pointers, which could result in a process crash if another thread managed to get a reference to the `ColumnFamilyData` object.
* Removed a call to `RenameFile()` on a non-existent info log file ("LOG") when opening a new DB. Such a call was guaranteed to fail though did not impact applications since we swallowed the error. Now we also stopped swallowing errors in renaming "LOG" file.
* Fixed an issue where `OnFlushCompleted` was not called for atomic flush.
* Fixed a bug affecting the batched `MultiGet` API when used with keys spanning multiple column families and `sorted_input == false`.
* Fixed a potential incorrect result in opt mode and assertion failures caused by releasing snapshot(s) during compaction.
* Fixed passing of BlobFileCompletionCallback to Compaction job and Atomic flush job which was default paramter (nullptr). BlobFileCompletitionCallback is internal callback that manages addition of blob files to SSTFileManager.
* Fixed MultiGet not updating the block_read_count and block_read_byte PerfContext counters.

### New Features
* Made the EventListener extend the Customizable class.
* EventListeners that have a non-empty Name() and that are registered with the ObjectRegistry can now be serialized to/from the OPTIONS file.
* Insert warm blocks (data blocks, uncompressed dict blocks, index and filter blocks) in Block cache during flush under option BlockBasedTableOptions.prepopulate_block_cache. Previously it was enabled for only data blocks.
* BlockBasedTableOptions.prepopulate_block_cache can be dynamically configured using DB::SetOptions.
* Add CompactionOptionsFIFO.age_for_warm, which allows RocksDB to move old files to warm tier in FIFO compactions. Note that file temperature is still an experimental feature.
* Add a comment to suggest btrfs user to disable file preallocation by setting `options.allow_fallocate=false`.
* Fast forward option in Trace replay changed to double type to allow replaying at a lower speed, by settings the value between 0 and 1. This option can be set via `ReplayOptions` in `Replayer::Replay()`, or via `--trace_replay_fast_forward` in db_bench.
* Add property `LiveSstFilesSizeAtTemperature` to retrieve sst file size at different temperature.
* Added a stat rocksdb.secondary.cache.hits.
* Added a PerfContext counter secondary_cache_hit_count.
* The integrated BlobDB implementation now supports the tickers `BLOB_DB_BLOB_FILE_BYTES_READ`, `BLOB_DB_GC_NUM_KEYS_RELOCATED`, and `BLOB_DB_GC_BYTES_RELOCATED`, as well as the histograms `BLOB_DB_COMPRESSION_MICROS` and `BLOB_DB_DECOMPRESSION_MICROS`.
* Added hybrid configuration of Ribbon filter and Bloom filter where some LSM levels use Ribbon for memory space efficiency and some use Bloom for speed. See NewRibbonFilterPolicy. This also changes the default behavior of NewRibbonFilterPolicy to use Bloom for flushes under Leveled and Universal compaction and Ribbon otherwise. The C API function `rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_ribbon` is unchanged but adds new `rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_ribbon_hybrid`.

### Public API change
* Added APIs to decode and replay trace file via Replayer class. Added `DB::NewDefaultReplayer()` to create a default Replayer instance. Added `TraceReader::Reset()` to restart reading a trace file. Created trace_record.h, trace_record_result.h and utilities/replayer.h files to access the decoded Trace records, replay them, and query the actual operation results.
* Added Configurable::GetOptionsMap to the public API for use in creating new Customizable classes.
* Generalized bits_per_key parameters in C API from int to double for greater configurability. Although this is a compatible change for existing C source code, anything depending on C API signatures, such as foreign function interfaces, will need to be updated.

### Performance Improvements
* Try to avoid updating DBOptions if `SetDBOptions()` does not change any option value.

### Behavior Changes
* `StringAppendOperator` additionally accepts a string as the delimiter.
* BackupEngineOptions::sync (default true) now applies to restoring backups in addition to creating backups. This could slow down restores, but ensures they are fully persisted before returning OK. (Consider increasing max_background_operations to improve performance.)

## 6.23.0 (2021-07-16)
### Behavior Changes
* Obsolete keys in the bottommost level that were preserved for a snapshot will now be cleaned upon snapshot release in all cases. This form of compaction (snapshot release triggered compaction) previously had an artificial limitation that multiple tombstones needed to be present.
### Bug Fixes
* Blob file checksums are now printed in hexadecimal format when using the `manifest_dump` `ldb` command.
* `GetLiveFilesMetaData()` now populates the `temperature`, `oldest_ancester_time`, and `file_creation_time` fields of its `LiveFileMetaData` results when the information is available. Previously these fields always contained zero indicating unknown.
* Fix mismatches of OnCompaction{Begin,Completed} in case of DisableManualCompaction().
* Fix continuous logging of an existing background error on every user write
* Fix a bug that `Get()` return Status::OK() and an empty value for non-existent key when `read_options.read_tier = kBlockCacheTier`.
* Fix a bug that stat in `get_context` didn't accumulate to statistics when query is failed.
* Fixed handling of DBOptions::wal_dir with LoadLatestOptions() or ldb --try_load_options on a copied or moved DB. Previously, when the WAL directory is same as DB directory (default), a copied or moved DB would reference the old path of the DB as the WAL directory, potentially corrupting both copies. Under this change, the wal_dir from DB::GetOptions() or LoadLatestOptions() may now be empty, indicating that the current DB directory is used for WALs. This is also a subtle API change.

### New Features
* ldb has a new feature, `list_live_files_metadata`, that shows the live SST files, as well as their LSM storage level and the column family they belong to.
* The new BlobDB implementation now tracks the amount of garbage in each blob file in the MANIFEST.
* Integrated BlobDB now supports Merge with base values (Put/Delete etc.).
* RemoteCompaction supports sub-compaction, the job_id in the user interface is changed from `int` to `uint64_t` to support sub-compaction id.
* Expose statistics option in RemoteCompaction worker.

### Public API change
* Added APIs to the Customizable class to allow developers to create their own Customizable classes.  Created the utilities/customizable_util.h file to contain helper methods for developing new Customizable classes.
* Change signature of SecondaryCache::Name().  Make SecondaryCache customizable and add SecondaryCache::CreateFromString method.

## 6.22.0 (2021-06-18)
### Behavior Changes
* Added two additional tickers, MEMTABLE_PAYLOAD_BYTES_AT_FLUSH and MEMTABLE_GARBAGE_BYTES_AT_FLUSH. These stats can be used to estimate the ratio of "garbage" (outdated) bytes in the memtable that are discarded at flush time.
* Added API comments clarifying safe usage of Disable/EnableManualCompaction and EventListener callbacks for compaction.
### Bug Fixes
* fs_posix.cc GetFreeSpace() always report disk space available to root even when running as non-root.  Linux defaults often have disk mounts with 5 to 10 percent of total space reserved only for root.  Out of space could result for non-root users.
* Subcompactions are now disabled when user-defined timestamps are used, since the subcompaction boundary picking logic is currently not timestamp-aware, which could lead to incorrect results when different subcompactions process keys that only differ by timestamp.
* Fix an issue that `DeleteFilesInRange()` may cause ongoing compaction reports corruption exception, or ASSERT for debug build. There's no actual data loss or corruption that we find.
* Fixed confusingly duplicated output in LOG for periodic stats ("DUMPING STATS"), including "Compaction Stats" and "File Read Latency Histogram By Level".
* Fixed performance bugs in background gathering of block cache entry statistics, that could consume a lot of CPU when there are many column families with a shared block cache.

### New Features
* Marked the Ribbon filter and optimize_filters_for_memory features as production-ready, each enabling memory savings for Bloom-like filters. Use `NewRibbonFilterPolicy` in place of `NewBloomFilterPolicy` to use Ribbon filters instead of Bloom, or `ribbonfilter` in place of `bloomfilter` in configuration string.
* Allow `DBWithTTL` to use `DeleteRange` api just like other DBs. `DeleteRangeCF()` which executes `WriteBatchInternal::DeleteRange()` has been added to the handler in `DBWithTTLImpl::Write()` to implement it.
* Add BlockBasedTableOptions.prepopulate_block_cache.  If enabled, it prepopulate warm/hot data blocks which are already in memory into block cache at the time of flush. On a flush, the data block that is in memory (in memtables) get flushed to the device. If using Direct IO, additional IO is incurred to read this data back into memory again, which is avoided by enabling this option and it also helps with Distributed FileSystem. More details in include/rocksdb/table.h.
* Added a `cancel` field to `CompactRangeOptions`, allowing individual in-process manual range compactions to be cancelled.

### New Features
* Added BlobMetaData to the ColumnFamilyMetaData to return information about blob files

### Public API change
* Added GetAllColumnFamilyMetaData API to retrieve the ColumnFamilyMetaData about all column families.

## 6.21.0 (2021-05-21)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug in handling file rename error in distributed/network file systems when the server succeeds but client returns error. The bug can cause CURRENT file to point to non-existing MANIFEST file, thus DB cannot be opened.
* Fixed a bug where ingested files were written with incorrect boundary key metadata. In rare cases this could have led to a level's files being wrongly ordered and queries for the boundary keys returning wrong results.
* Fixed a data race between insertion into memtables and the retrieval of the DB properties `rocksdb.cur-size-active-mem-table`, `rocksdb.cur-size-all-mem-tables`, and `rocksdb.size-all-mem-tables`.
* Fixed the false-positive alert when recovering from the WAL file. Avoid reporting "SST file is ahead of WAL" on a newly created empty column family, if the previous WAL file is corrupted.
* Fixed a bug where `GetLiveFiles()` output included a non-existent file called "OPTIONS-000000". Backups and checkpoints, which use `GetLiveFiles()`, failed on DBs impacted by this bug. Read-write DBs were impacted when the latest OPTIONS file failed to write and `fail_if_options_file_error == false`. Read-only DBs were impacted when no OPTIONS files existed.
* Handle return code by io_uring_submit_and_wait() and io_uring_wait_cqe().
* In the IngestExternalFile() API, only try to sync the ingested file if the file is linked and the FileSystem/Env supports reopening a writable file.
* Fixed a bug that `AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions.max_compaction_bytes` is under-calculated for manual compaction (`CompactRange()`). Manual compaction is split to multiple compactions if the compaction size exceed the `max_compaction_bytes`. The bug creates much larger compaction which size exceed the user setting. On the other hand, larger manual compaction size can increase the subcompaction parallelism, you can tune that by setting `max_compaction_bytes`.

### Behavior Changes
* Due to the fix of false-postive alert of "SST file is ahead of WAL", all the CFs with no SST file (CF empty) will bypass the consistency check. We fixed a false-positive, but introduced a very rare true-negative which will be triggered in the following conditions: A CF with some delete operations in the last a few queries which will result in an empty CF (those are flushed to SST file and a compaction triggered which combines this file and all other SST files and generates an empty CF, or there is another reason to write a manifest entry for this CF after a flush that generates no SST file from an empty CF). The deletion entries are logged in a WAL and this WAL was corrupted, while the CF's log number points to the next WAL (due to the flush). Therefore, the DB can only recover to the point without these trailing deletions and cause the inconsistent DB status.

### New Features
* Add new option allow_stall passed during instance creation of WriteBufferManager. When allow_stall is set, WriteBufferManager will stall all writers shared across multiple DBs and columns if memory usage goes beyond specified WriteBufferManager::buffer_size (soft limit). Stall will be cleared when memory is freed after flush and memory usage goes down below buffer_size.
* Allow `CompactionFilter`s to apply in more table file creation scenarios such as flush and recovery. For compatibility, `CompactionFilter`s by default apply during compaction. Users can customize this behavior by overriding `CompactionFilterFactory::ShouldFilterTableFileCreation()`.
* Added more fields to FilterBuildingContext with LSM details, for custom filter policies that vary behavior based on where they are in the LSM-tree.
* Added DB::Properties::kBlockCacheEntryStats for querying statistics on what percentage of block cache is used by various kinds of blocks, etc. using DB::GetProperty and DB::GetMapProperty. The same information is now dumped to info LOG periodically according to `stats_dump_period_sec`.
* Add an experimental Remote Compaction feature, which allows the user to run Compaction on a different host or process. The feature is still under development, currently only works on some basic use cases. The interface will be changed without backward/forward compatibility support.
* RocksDB would validate total entries read in flush, and compare with counter inserted into it. If flush_verify_memtable_count = true (default), flush will fail. Otherwise, only log to info logs.
* Add `TableProperties::num_filter_entries`, which can be used with `TableProperties::filter_size` to calculate the effective bits per filter entry (unique user key or prefix) for a table file.

### Performance Improvements
* BlockPrefetcher is used by iterators to prefetch data if they anticipate more data to be used in future. It is enabled implicitly by rocksdb. Added change to take in account read pattern if reads are sequential. This would disable prefetching for random reads in MultiGet and iterators as readahead_size is increased exponential doing large prefetches.

### Public API change
* Removed a parameter from TableFactory::NewTableBuilder, which should not be called by user code because TableBuilder is not a public API.
* Removed unused structure `CompactionFilterContext`.
* The `skip_filters` parameter to SstFileWriter is now considered deprecated. Use `BlockBasedTableOptions::filter_policy` to control generation of filters.
* ClockCache is known to have bugs that could lead to crash or corruption, so should not be used until fixed. Use NewLRUCache instead.
* Added a new pure virtual function `ApplyToAllEntries` to `Cache`, to replace `ApplyToAllCacheEntries`. Custom `Cache` implementations must add an implementation. Because this function is for gathering statistics, an empty implementation could be acceptable for some applications.
* Added the ObjectRegistry to the ConfigOptions class.  This registry instance will be used to find any customizable loadable objects during initialization.
* Expanded the ObjectRegistry functionality to allow nested ObjectRegistry instances.  Added methods to register a set of functions with the registry/library as a group.
* Deprecated backupable_db.h and BackupableDBOptions in favor of new versions with appropriate names: backup_engine.h and BackupEngineOptions. Old API compatibility is preserved.

### Default Option Change
* When options.arena_block_size <= 0 (default value 0), still use writer_buffer_size / 8 but cap to 1MB. Too large alloation size might not be friendly to allocator and might cause performance issues in extreme cases.

### Build
* By default, try to build with liburing. For make, if ROCKSDB_USE_IO_URING is not set, treat as enable, which means RocksDB will try to build with liburing. Users can disable it with ROCKSDB_USE_IO_URING=0. For cmake, add WITH_LIBURING to control it, with default on.

## 6.20.0 (2021-04-16)
### Behavior Changes
* `ColumnFamilyOptions::sample_for_compression` now takes effect for creation of all block-based tables. Previously it only took effect for block-based tables created by flush.
* `CompactFiles()` can no longer compact files from lower level to up level, which has the risk to corrupt DB (details: #8063). The validation is also added to all compactions.
* Fixed some cases in which DB::OpenForReadOnly() could write to the filesystem. If you want a Logger with a read-only DB, you must now set DBOptions::info_log yourself, such as using CreateLoggerFromOptions().
* get_iostats_context() will never return nullptr. If thread-local support is not available, and user does not opt-out iostats context, then compilation will fail. The same applies to perf context as well.
* Added support for WriteBatchWithIndex::NewIteratorWithBase when overwrite_key=false.  Previously, this combination was not supported and would assert or return nullptr.
* Improve the behavior of WriteBatchWithIndex for Merge operations.  Now more operations may be stored in order to return the correct merged result.

### Bug Fixes
* Use thread-safe `strerror_r()` to get error messages.
* Fixed a potential hang in shutdown for a DB whose `Env` has high-pri thread pool disabled (`Env::GetBackgroundThreads(Env::Priority::HIGH) == 0`)
* Made BackupEngine thread-safe and added documentation comments to clarify what is safe for multiple BackupEngine objects accessing the same backup directory.
* Fixed crash (divide by zero) when compression dictionary is applied to a file containing only range tombstones.
* Fixed a backward iteration bug with partitioned filter enabled: not including the prefix of the last key of the previous filter partition in current filter partition can cause wrong iteration result.
* Fixed a bug that allowed `DBOptions::max_open_files` to be set with a non-negative integer with `ColumnFamilyOptions::compaction_style = kCompactionStyleFIFO`.

### Performance Improvements
* On ARM platform, use `yield` instead of `wfe` to relax cpu to gain better performance.

### Public API change
* Added `TableProperties::slow_compression_estimated_data_size` and `TableProperties::fast_compression_estimated_data_size`. When `ColumnFamilyOptions::sample_for_compression > 0`, they estimate what `TableProperties::data_size` would have been if the "fast" or "slow" (see `ColumnFamilyOptions::sample_for_compression` API doc for definitions) compression had been used instead.
* Update DB::StartIOTrace and remove Env object from the arguments as its redundant and DB already has Env object that is passed down to IOTracer::StartIOTrace
* Added `FlushReason::kWalFull`, which is reported when a memtable is flushed due to the WAL reaching its size limit; those flushes were previously reported as `FlushReason::kWriteBufferManager`. Also, changed the reason for flushes triggered by the write buffer manager to `FlushReason::kWriteBufferManager`; they were previously reported as `FlushReason::kWriteBufferFull`.
* Extend file_checksum_dump ldb command and DB::GetLiveFilesChecksumInfo API for IntegratedBlobDB and get checksum of blob files along with SST files.

### New Features
* Added the ability to open BackupEngine backups as read-only DBs, using BackupInfo::name_for_open and env_for_open provided by BackupEngine::GetBackupInfo() with include_file_details=true.
* Added BackupEngine support for integrated BlobDB, with blob files shared between backups when table files are shared. Because of current limitations, blob files always use the kLegacyCrc32cAndFileSize naming scheme, and incremental backups must read and checksum all blob files in a DB, even for files that are already backed up.
* Added an optional output parameter to BackupEngine::CreateNewBackup(WithMetadata) to return the BackupID of the new backup.
* Added BackupEngine::GetBackupInfo / GetLatestBackupInfo for querying individual backups.
* Made the Ribbon filter a long-term supported feature in terms of the SST schema(compatible with version >= 6.15.0) though the API for enabling it is expected to change.

## 6.19.0 (2021-03-21)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed the truncation error found in APIs/tools when dumping block-based SST files in a human-readable format. After fix, the block-based table can be fully dumped as a readable file.
* When hitting a write slowdown condition, no write delay (previously 1 millisecond) is imposed until `delayed_write_rate` is actually exceeded, with an initial burst allowance of 1 millisecond worth of bytes. Also, beyond the initial burst allowance, `delayed_write_rate` is now more strictly enforced, especially with multiple column families.

### Public API change
* Changed default `BackupableDBOptions::share_files_with_checksum` to `true` and deprecated `false` because of potential for data loss. Note that accepting this change in behavior can temporarily increase backup data usage because files are not shared between backups using the two different settings. Also removed obsolete option kFlagMatchInterimNaming.
* Add a new option BlockBasedTableOptions::max_auto_readahead_size. RocksDB does auto-readahead for iterators on noticing more than two reads for a table file if user doesn't provide readahead_size. The readahead starts at 8KB and doubles on every additional read upto max_auto_readahead_size and now max_auto_readahead_size can be configured dynamically as well. Found that 256 KB readahead size provides the best performance, based on experiments, for auto readahead. Experiment data is in PR #3282. If value is set 0 then no automatic prefetching will be done by rocksdb. Also changing the value will only affect files opened after the change.
* Add suppport to extend DB::VerifyFileChecksums API to also verify blob files checksum.
* When using the new BlobDB, the amount of data written by flushes/compactions is now broken down into table files and blob files in the compaction statistics; namely, Write(GB) denotes the amount of data written to table files, while Wblob(GB) means the amount of data written to blob files.
* New default BlockBasedTableOptions::format_version=5 to enable new Bloom filter implementation by default, compatible with RocksDB versions >= 6.6.0.
* Add new SetBufferSize API to WriteBufferManager to allow dynamic management of memory allotted to all write buffers.  This allows user code to adjust memory monitoring provided by WriteBufferManager as process memory needs change datasets grow and shrink.
* Clarified the required semantics of Read() functions in FileSystem and Env APIs. Please ensure any custom implementations are compliant.
* For the new integrated BlobDB implementation, compaction statistics now include the amount of data read from blob files during compaction (due to garbage collection or compaction filters). Write amplification metrics have also been extended to account for data read from blob files.
* Add EqualWithoutTimestamp() to Comparator.
* Extend support to track blob files in SSTFileManager whenever a blob file is created/deleted. Blob files will be scheduled to delete via SSTFileManager and SStFileManager will now take blob files in account while calculating size and space limits along with SST files.
* Add new Append and PositionedAppend API with checksum handoff to legacy Env.

### New Features
* Support compaction filters for the new implementation of BlobDB. Add `FilterBlobByKey()` to `CompactionFilter`. Subclasses can override this method so that compaction filters can determine whether the actual blob value has to be read during compaction. Use a new `kUndetermined` in `CompactionFilter::Decision` to indicated that further action is necessary for compaction filter to make a decision.
* Add support to extend retrieval of checksums for blob files from the MANIFEST when checkpointing. During backup, rocksdb can detect corruption in blob files  during file copies.
* Add new options for db_bench --benchmarks: flush, waitforcompaction, compact0, compact1.
* Add an option to BackupEngine::GetBackupInfo to include the name and size of each backed-up file. Especially in the presence of file sharing among backups, this offers detailed insight into backup space usage.
* Enable backward iteration on keys with user-defined timestamps.
* Add statistics and info log for error handler: counters for bg error, bg io error, bg retryable io error, auto resume count, auto resume total retry number, and auto resume sucess; Histogram for auto resume retry count in each recovery call. Note that, each auto resume attempt will have one or multiple retries.

### Behavior Changes
* During flush, only WAL sync retryable IO error is mapped to hard error, which will stall the writes. When WAL is used but only SST file write has retryable IO error, it will be mapped to soft error and write will not be affected.

## 6.18.0 (2021-02-19)
### Behavior Changes
* When retryable IO error occurs during compaction, it is mapped to soft error and set the BG error. However, auto resume is not called to clean the soft error since compaction will reschedule by itself. In this change, When retryable IO error occurs during compaction, BG error is not set. User will be informed the error via EventHelper.
* Introduce a new trace file format for query tracing and replay and trace file version is bump up to 0.2. A payload map is added as the first portion of the payload. We will not have backward compatible issues when adding new entries to trace records. Added the iterator_upper_bound and iterator_lower_bound in Seek and SeekForPrev tracing function. Added them as the new payload member for iterator tracing.

### New Features
* Add support for key-value integrity protection in live updates from the user buffers provided to `WriteBatch` through the write to RocksDB's in-memory update buffer (memtable). This is intended to detect some cases of in-memory data corruption, due to either software or hardware errors. Users can enable protection by constructing their `WriteBatch` with `protection_bytes_per_key == 8`.
* Add support for updating `full_history_ts_low` option in manual compaction, which is for old timestamp data GC.
* Add a mechanism for using Makefile to build external plugin code into the RocksDB libraries/binaries. This intends to simplify compatibility and distribution for plugins (e.g., special-purpose `FileSystem`s) whose source code resides outside the RocksDB repo. See "plugin/README.md" for developer details, and "PLUGINS.md" for a listing of available plugins.
* Added memory pre-fetching for experimental Ribbon filter, which especially optimizes performance with batched MultiGet.
* A new, experimental version of BlobDB (key-value separation) is now available. The new implementation is integrated into the RocksDB core, i.e. it is accessible via the usual `rocksdb::DB` API, as opposed to the separate `rocksdb::blob_db::BlobDB` interface used by the earlier version, and can be configured on a per-column family basis using the configuration options `enable_blob_files`, `min_blob_size`, `blob_file_size`, `blob_compression_type`, `enable_blob_garbage_collection`, and `blob_garbage_collection_age_cutoff`. It extends RocksDB's consistency guarantees to blobs, and offers more features and better performance. Note that some features, most notably `Merge`, compaction filters, and backup/restore are not yet supported, and there is no support for migrating a database created by the old implementation.

### Bug Fixes
* Since 6.15.0, `TransactionDB` returns error `Status`es from calls to `DeleteRange()` and calls to `Write()` where the `WriteBatch` contains a range deletion. Previously such operations may have succeeded while not providing the expected transactional guarantees. There are certain cases where range deletion can still be used on such DBs; see the API doc on `TransactionDB::DeleteRange()` for details.
* `OptimisticTransactionDB` now returns error `Status`es from calls to `DeleteRange()` and calls to `Write()` where the `WriteBatch` contains a range deletion. Previously such operations may have succeeded while not providing the expected transactional guarantees.
* Fix `WRITE_PREPARED`, `WRITE_UNPREPARED` TransactionDB `MultiGet()` may return uncommitted data with snapshot.
* In DB::OpenForReadOnly, if any error happens while checking Manifest file path, it was overridden by Status::NotFound. It has been fixed and now actual error is returned.

### Public API Change
* Added a "only_mutable_options" flag to the ConfigOptions.  When this flag is "true", the Configurable functions and convenience methods (such as GetDBOptionsFromString) will only deal with options that are marked as mutable.  When this flag is true, only options marked as mutable can be configured (a Status::InvalidArgument will be returned) and options not marked as mutable will not be returned or compared.  The default is "false", meaning to compare all options.
* Add new Append and PositionedAppend APIs to FileSystem to bring the data verification information (data checksum information) from upper layer (e.g., WritableFileWriter) to the storage layer. In this way, the customized FileSystem is able to verify the correctness of data being written to the storage on time. Add checksum_handoff_file_types to DBOptions. User can use this option to control which file types (Currently supported file tyes: kWALFile, kTableFile, kDescriptorFile.) should use the new Append and PositionedAppend APIs to handoff the verification information. Currently, RocksDB only use crc32c to calculate the checksum for write handoff.
* Add an option, `CompressionOptions::max_dict_buffer_bytes`, to limit the in-memory buffering for selecting samples for generating/training a dictionary. The limit is currently loosely adhered to.


## 6.17.0 (2021-01-15)
### Behavior Changes
* When verifying full file checksum with `DB::VerifyFileChecksums()`, we now fail with `Status::InvalidArgument` if the name of the checksum generator used for verification does not match the name of the checksum generator used for protecting the file when it was created.
* Since RocksDB does not continue write the same file if a file write fails for any reason, the file scope write IO error is treated the same as retryable IO error. More information about error handling of file scope IO error is included in `ErrorHandler::SetBGError`.

### Bug Fixes
* Version older than 6.15 cannot decode VersionEdits `WalAddition` and `WalDeletion`, fixed this by changing the encoded format of them to be ignorable by older versions.
* Fix a race condition between DB startups and shutdowns in managing the periodic background worker threads. One effect of this race condition could be the process being terminated.

### Public API Change
* Add a public API WriteBufferManager::dummy_entries_in_cache_usage() which reports the size of dummy entries stored in cache (passed to WriteBufferManager). Dummy entries are used to account for DataBlocks.
* Add a SystemClock class that contains the time-related methods from Env.  The original methods in Env may be deprecated in a future release.  This class will allow easier testing, development, and expansion of time-related features.
* Add a public API GetRocksBuildProperties and GetRocksBuildInfoAsString to get properties about the current build.  These properties may include settings related to the GIT settings (branch, timestamp).  This change also sets the "build date" based on the GIT properties, rather than the actual build time, thereby enabling more reproducible builds.

## 6.16.0 (2020-12-18)
### Behavior Changes
* Attempting to write a merge operand without explicitly configuring `merge_operator` now fails immediately, causing the DB to enter read-only mode. Previously, failure was deferred until the `merge_operator` was needed by a user read or a background operation.

### Bug Fixes
* Truncated WALs ending in incomplete records can no longer produce gaps in the recovered data when `WALRecoveryMode::kPointInTimeRecovery` is used. Gaps are still possible when WALs are truncated exactly on record boundaries; for complete protection, users should enable `track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest`.
* Fix a bug where compressed blocks read by MultiGet are not inserted into the compressed block cache when use_direct_reads = true.
* Fixed the issue of full scanning on obsolete files when there are too many outstanding compactions with ConcurrentTaskLimiter enabled.
* Fixed the logic of populating native data structure for `read_amp_bytes_per_bit` during OPTIONS file parsing on big-endian architecture. Without this fix, original code introduced in PR7659, when running on big-endian machine, can mistakenly store read_amp_bytes_per_bit (an uint32) in little endian format. Future access to `read_amp_bytes_per_bit` will give wrong values. Little endian architecture is not affected.
* Fixed prefix extractor with timestamp issues.
* Fixed a bug in atomic flush: in two-phase commit mode, the minimum WAL log number to keep is incorrect.
* Fixed a bug related to checkpoint in PR7789: if there are multiple column families, and the checkpoint is not opened as read only, then in rare cases, data loss may happen in the checkpoint. Since backup engine relies on checkpoint, it may also be affected.
* When ldb --try_load_options is used with the --column_family option, the ColumnFamilyOptions for the specified column family was not loaded from the OPTIONS file. Fix it so its loaded from OPTIONS and then overridden with command line overrides.

### New Features
* User defined timestamp feature supports `CompactRange` and `GetApproximateSizes`.
* Support getting aggregated table properties (kAggregatedTableProperties and kAggregatedTablePropertiesAtLevel) with DB::GetMapProperty, for easier access to the data in a structured format.
* Experimental option BlockBasedTableOptions::optimize_filters_for_memory now works with experimental Ribbon filter (as well as Bloom filter).

### Public API Change
* Deprecated public but rarely-used FilterBitsBuilder::CalculateNumEntry, which is replaced with ApproximateNumEntries taking a size_t parameter and returning size_t.
* To improve portability the functions `Env::GetChildren` and `Env::GetChildrenFileAttributes` will no longer return entries for the special directories `.` or `..`.
* Added a new option `track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest`. If `true`, the log numbers and sizes of the synced WALs are tracked in MANIFEST, then during DB recovery, if a synced WAL is missing from disk, or the WAL's size does not match the recorded size in MANIFEST, an error will be reported and the recovery will be aborted. Note that this option does not work with secondary instance.
* `rocksdb_approximate_sizes` and `rocksdb_approximate_sizes_cf` in the C API now requires an error pointer (`char** errptr`) for receiving any error.
* All overloads of DB::GetApproximateSizes now return Status, so that any failure to obtain the sizes is indicated to the caller.

## 6.15.0 (2020-11-13)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug in the following combination of features: indexes with user keys (`format_version >= 3`), indexes are partitioned (`index_type == kTwoLevelIndexSearch`), and some index partitions are pinned in memory (`BlockBasedTableOptions::pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache`). The bug could cause keys to be truncated when read from the index leading to wrong read results or other unexpected behavior.
* Fixed a bug when indexes are partitioned (`index_type == kTwoLevelIndexSearch`), some index partitions are pinned in memory (`BlockBasedTableOptions::pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache`), and partitions reads could be mixed between block cache and directly from the file (e.g., with `enable_index_compression == 1` and `mmap_read == 1`, partitions that were stored uncompressed due to poor compression ratio would be read directly from the file via mmap, while partitions that were stored compressed would be read from block cache). The bug could cause index partitions to be mistakenly considered empty during reads leading to wrong read results.
* Since 6.12, memtable lookup should report unrecognized value_type as corruption (#7121).
* Since 6.14, fix false positive flush/compaction `Status::Corruption` failure when `paranoid_file_checks == true` and range tombstones were written to the compaction output files.
* Since 6.14, fix a bug that could cause a stalled write to crash with mixed of slowdown and no_slowdown writes (`WriteOptions.no_slowdown=true`).
* Fixed a bug which causes hang in closing DB when refit level is set in opt build. It was because ContinueBackgroundWork() was called in assert statement which is a no op. It was introduced in 6.14.
* Fixed a bug which causes Get() to return incorrect result when a key's merge operand is applied twice. This can occur if the thread performing Get() runs concurrently with a background flush thread and another thread writing to the MANIFEST file (PR6069).
* Reverted a behavior change silently introduced in 6.14.2, in which the effects of the `ignore_unknown_options` flag (used in option parsing/loading functions) changed.
* Reverted a behavior change silently introduced in 6.14, in which options parsing/loading functions began returning `NotFound` instead of `InvalidArgument` for option names not available in the present version.
* Fixed MultiGet bugs it doesn't return valid data with user defined timestamp.
* Fixed a potential bug caused by evaluating `TableBuilder::NeedCompact()` before `TableBuilder::Finish()` in compaction job. For example, the `NeedCompact()` method of `CompactOnDeletionCollector` returned by built-in `CompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory` requires `BlockBasedTable::Finish()` to return the correct result. The bug can cause a compaction-generated file not to be marked for future compaction based on deletion ratio.
* Fixed a seek issue with prefix extractor and timestamp.
* Fixed a bug of encoding and parsing BlockBasedTableOptions::read_amp_bytes_per_bit as a 64-bit integer.
* Fixed a bug of a recovery corner case, details in PR7621.

### Public API Change
* Deprecate `BlockBasedTableOptions::pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache` and `BlockBasedTableOptions::pin_top_level_index_and_filter`. These options still take effect until users migrate to the replacement APIs in `BlockBasedTableOptions::metadata_cache_options`. Migration guidance can be found in the API comments on the deprecated options.
* Add new API `DB::VerifyFileChecksums` to verify SST file checksum with corresponding entries in the MANIFEST if present. Current implementation requires scanning and recomputing file checksums.

### Behavior Changes
* The dictionary compression settings specified in `ColumnFamilyOptions::compression_opts` now additionally affect files generated by flush and compaction to non-bottommost level. Previously those settings at most affected files generated by compaction to bottommost level, depending on whether `ColumnFamilyOptions::bottommost_compression_opts` overrode them. Users who relied on dictionary compression settings in `ColumnFamilyOptions::compression_opts` affecting only the bottommost level can keep the behavior by moving their dictionary settings to `ColumnFamilyOptions::bottommost_compression_opts` and setting its `enabled` flag.
* When the `enabled` flag is set in `ColumnFamilyOptions::bottommost_compression_opts`, those compression options now take effect regardless of the value in `ColumnFamilyOptions::bottommost_compression`. Previously, those compression options only took effect when `ColumnFamilyOptions::bottommost_compression != kDisableCompressionOption`. Now, they additionally take effect when `ColumnFamilyOptions::bottommost_compression == kDisableCompressionOption` (such a setting causes bottommost compression type to fall back to `ColumnFamilyOptions::compression_per_level` if configured, and otherwise fall back to `ColumnFamilyOptions::compression`).

### New Features
* An EXPERIMENTAL new Bloom alternative that saves about 30% space compared to Bloom filters, with about 3-4x construction time and similar query times is available using NewExperimentalRibbonFilterPolicy.

## 6.14 (2020-10-09)
### Bug fixes
* Fixed a bug after a `CompactRange()` with `CompactRangeOptions::change_level` set fails due to a conflict in the level change step, which caused all subsequent calls to `CompactRange()` with `CompactRangeOptions::change_level` set to incorrectly fail with a `Status::NotSupported("another thread is refitting")` error.
* Fixed a bug that the bottom most level compaction could still be a trivial move even if `BottommostLevelCompaction.kForce` or `kForceOptimized` is set.

### Public API Change
* The methods to create and manage EncrypedEnv have been changed.  The EncryptionProvider is now passed to NewEncryptedEnv as a shared pointer, rather than a raw pointer.  Comparably, the CTREncryptedProvider now takes a shared pointer, rather than a reference, to a BlockCipher.  CreateFromString methods have been added to BlockCipher and EncryptionProvider to provide a single API by which different ciphers and providers can be created, respectively.
* The internal classes (CTREncryptionProvider, ROT13BlockCipher, CTRCipherStream) associated with the EncryptedEnv have been moved out of the public API.  To create a CTREncryptionProvider, one can either use EncryptionProvider::NewCTRProvider, or EncryptionProvider::CreateFromString("CTR").  To create a new ROT13BlockCipher, one can either use BlockCipher::NewROT13Cipher or BlockCipher::CreateFromString("ROT13").
* The EncryptionProvider::AddCipher method has been added to allow keys to be added to an EncryptionProvider.  This API will allow future providers to support multiple cipher keys.
* Add a new option "allow_data_in_errors". When this new option is set by users, it allows users to opt-in to get error messages containing corrupted keys/values. Corrupt keys, values will be logged in the messages, logs, status etc. that will help users with the useful information regarding affected data. By default value of this option is set false to prevent users data to be exposed in the messages so currently, data will be redacted from logs, messages, status by default.
* AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions::force_consistency_checks is now true by default, for more proactive DB corruption detection at virtually no cost (estimated two extra CPU cycles per million on a major production workload). Corruptions reported by these checks now mention "force_consistency_checks" in case a false positive corruption report is suspected and the option needs to be disabled (unlikely). Since existing column families have a saved setting for force_consistency_checks, only new column families will pick up the new default.

### General Improvements
* The settings of the DBOptions and ColumnFamilyOptions are now managed by Configurable objects (see New Features).  The same convenience methods to configure these options still exist but the backend implementation has been unified under a common implementation.

### New Features

* Methods to configure serialize, and compare -- such as TableFactory -- are exposed directly through the Configurable base class (from which these objects inherit).  This change will allow for better and more thorough configuration management and retrieval in the future.  The options for a Configurable object can be set via the ConfigureFromMap, ConfigureFromString, or ConfigureOption method.  The serialized version of the options of an object can be retrieved via the GetOptionString, ToString, or GetOption methods.  The list of options supported by an object can be obtained via the GetOptionNames method.  The "raw" object (such as the BlockBasedTableOption) for an option may be retrieved via the GetOptions method.  Configurable options can be compared via the AreEquivalent method.  The settings within a Configurable object may be validated via the ValidateOptions method.  The object may be intialized (at which point only mutable options may be updated) via the PrepareOptions method.
* Introduce options.check_flush_compaction_key_order with default value to be true. With this option, during flush and compaction, key order will be checked when writing to each SST file. If the order is violated, the flush or compaction will fail.
* Added is_full_compaction to CompactionJobStats, so that the information is available through the EventListener interface.
* Add more stats for MultiGet in Histogram to get number of data blocks, index blocks, filter blocks and sst files read from file system per level.
* SST files have a new table property called db_host_id, which is set to the hostname by default. A new option in DBOptions, db_host_id, allows the property value to be overridden with a user specified string, or disable it completely by making the option string empty.
* Methods to create customizable extensions -- such as TableFactory -- are exposed directly through the Customizable base class (from which these objects inherit).  This change will allow these Customizable classes to be loaded and configured in a standard way (via CreateFromString).  More information on how to write and use Customizable classes is in the customizable.h header file.

## 6.13 (2020-09-12)
### Bug fixes
* Fix a performance regression introduced in 6.4 that makes a upper bound check for every Next() even if keys are within a data block that is within the upper bound.
* Fix a possible corruption to the LSM state (overlapping files within a level) when a `CompactRange()` for refitting levels (`CompactRangeOptions::change_level == true`) and another manual compaction are executed in parallel.
* Sanitize `recycle_log_file_num` to zero when the user attempts to enable it in combination with `WALRecoveryMode::kTolerateCorruptedTailRecords`. Previously the two features were allowed together, which compromised the user's configured crash-recovery guarantees.
* Fix a bug where a level refitting in CompactRange() might race with an automatic compaction that puts the data to the target level of the refitting. The bug has been there for years.
* Fixed a bug in version 6.12 in which BackupEngine::CreateNewBackup could fail intermittently with non-OK status when backing up a read-write DB configured with a DBOptions::file_checksum_gen_factory.
* Fix useless no-op compactions scheduled upon snapshot release when options.disable-auto-compactions = true.
* Fix a bug when max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain is set, immutable flushed memtable destruction is delayed until the next super version is installed. A memtable is not added to delete list because of its reference hold by super version and super version doesn't switch because of empt delete list. So memory usage keeps on increasing beyond write_buffer_size + max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain.
* Avoid converting MERGES to PUTS when allow_ingest_behind is true.
* Fix compression dictionary sampling together with `SstFileWriter`. Previously, the dictionary would be trained/finalized immediately with zero samples. Now, the whole `SstFileWriter` file is buffered in memory and then sampled.
* Fix a bug with `avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io=1` and creating backups (BackupEngine::CreateNewBackup) or checkpoints (Checkpoint::Create). With this setting and WAL enabled, these operations could randomly fail with non-OK status.
* Fix a bug in which bottommost compaction continues to advance the underlying InternalIterator to skip tombstones even after shutdown.

### New Features
* A new field `std::string requested_checksum_func_name` is added to `FileChecksumGenContext`, which enables the checksum factory to create generators for a suite of different functions.
* Added a new subcommand, `ldb unsafe_remove_sst_file`, which removes a lost or corrupt SST file from a DB's metadata. This command involves data loss and must not be used on a live DB.

### Performance Improvements
* Reduce thread number for multiple DB instances by re-using one global thread for statistics dumping and persisting.
* Reduce write-amp in heavy write bursts in `kCompactionStyleLevel` compaction style with `level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes` set.
* BackupEngine incremental backups no longer read DB table files that are already saved to a shared part of the backup directory, unless `share_files_with_checksum` is used with `kLegacyCrc32cAndFileSize` naming (discouraged).
  * For `share_files_with_checksum`, we are confident there is no regression (vs. pre-6.12) in detecting DB or backup corruption at backup creation time, mostly because the old design did not leverage this extra checksum computation for detecting inconsistencies at backup creation time.
  * For `share_table_files` without "checksum" (not recommended), there is a regression in detecting fundamentally unsafe use of the option, greatly mitigated by file size checking (under "Behavior Changes"). Almost no reason to use `share_files_with_checksum=false` should remain.
  * `DB::VerifyChecksum` and `BackupEngine::VerifyBackup` with checksum checking are still able to catch corruptions that `CreateNewBackup` does not.

### Public API Change
* Expose kTypeDeleteWithTimestamp in EntryType and update GetEntryType() accordingly.
* Added file_checksum and file_checksum_func_name to TableFileCreationInfo, which can pass the table file checksum information through the OnTableFileCreated callback during flush and compaction.
* A warning is added to `DB::DeleteFile()` API describing its known problems and deprecation plan.
* Add a new stats level, i.e. StatsLevel::kExceptTickers (PR7329) to exclude tickers even if application passes a non-null Statistics object.
* Added a new status code IOStatus::IOFenced() for the Env/FileSystem to indicate that writes from this instance are fenced off. Like any other background error, this error is returned to the user in Put/Merge/Delete/Flush calls and can be checked using Status::IsIOFenced().

### Behavior Changes
* File abstraction `FSRandomAccessFile.Prefetch()` default return status is changed from `OK` to `NotSupported`. If the user inherited file doesn't implement prefetch, RocksDB will create internal prefetch buffer to improve read performance.
* When retryabel IO error happens during Flush (manifest write error is excluded) and WAL is disabled, originally it is mapped to kHardError. Now,it is mapped to soft error. So DB will not stall the writes unless the memtable is full. At the same time, when auto resume is triggered to recover the retryable IO error during Flush, SwitchMemtable is not called to avoid generating to many small immutable memtables. If WAL is enabled, no behavior changes.
* When considering whether a table file is already backed up in a shared part of backup directory, BackupEngine would already query the sizes of source (DB) and pre-existing destination (backup) files. BackupEngine now uses these file sizes to detect corruption, as at least one of (a) old backup, (b) backup in progress, or (c) current DB is corrupt if there's a size mismatch.

### Others
* Error in prefetching partitioned index blocks will not be swallowed. It will fail the query and return the IOError users.

## 6.12 (2020-07-28)
### Public API Change
* Encryption file classes now exposed for inheritance in env_encryption.h
* File I/O listener is extended to cover more I/O operations. Now class `EventListener` in listener.h contains new callback functions: `OnFileFlushFinish()`, `OnFileSyncFinish()`, `OnFileRangeSyncFinish()`, `OnFileTruncateFinish()`, and ``OnFileCloseFinish()``.
* `FileOperationInfo` now reports `duration` measured by `std::chrono::steady_clock` and `start_ts` measured by `std::chrono::system_clock` instead of start and finish timestamps measured by `system_clock`. Note that `system_clock` is called before `steady_clock` in program order at operation starts.
* `DB::GetDbSessionId(std::string& session_id)` is added. `session_id` stores a unique identifier that gets reset every time the DB is opened. This DB session ID should be unique among all open DB instances on all hosts, and should be unique among re-openings of the same or other DBs. This identifier is recorded in the LOG file on the line starting with "DB Session ID:".
* `DB::OpenForReadOnly()` now returns `Status::NotFound` when the specified DB directory does not exist. Previously the error returned depended on the underlying `Env`. This change is available in all 6.11 releases as well.
* A parameter `verify_with_checksum` is added to `BackupEngine::VerifyBackup`, which is false by default. If it is ture, `BackupEngine::VerifyBackup` verifies checksums and file sizes of backup files. Pass `false` for `verify_with_checksum` to maintain the previous behavior and performance of `BackupEngine::VerifyBackup`, by only verifying sizes of backup files.

### Behavior Changes
* Best-efforts recovery ignores CURRENT file completely. If CURRENT file is missing during recovery, best-efforts recovery still proceeds with MANIFEST file(s).
* In best-efforts recovery, an error that is not Corruption or IOError::kNotFound or IOError::kPathNotFound will be overwritten silently. Fix this by checking all non-ok cases and return early.
* When `file_checksum_gen_factory` is set to `GetFileChecksumGenCrc32cFactory()`, BackupEngine will compare the crc32c checksums of table files computed when creating a backup to the expected checksums stored in the DB manifest, and will fail `CreateNewBackup()` on mismatch (corruption). If the `file_checksum_gen_factory` is not set or set to any other customized factory, there is no checksum verification to detect if SST files in a DB are corrupt when read, copied, and independently checksummed by BackupEngine.
* When a DB sets `stats_dump_period_sec > 0`, either as the initial value for DB open or as a dynamic option change, the first stats dump is staggered in the following X seconds, where X is an integer in `[0, stats_dump_period_sec)`. Subsequent stats dumps are still spaced `stats_dump_period_sec` seconds apart.
* When the paranoid_file_checks option is true, a hash is generated of all keys and values are generated when the SST file is written, and then the values are read back in to validate the file.  A corruption is signaled if the two hashes do not match.

### Bug fixes
* Compressed block cache was automatically disabled with read-only DBs by mistake. Now it is fixed: compressed block cache will be in effective with read-only DB too.
* Fix a bug of wrong iterator result if another thread finishes an update and a DB flush between two statement.
* Disable file deletion after MANIFEST write/sync failure until db re-open or Resume() so that subsequent re-open will not see MANIFEST referencing deleted SSTs.
* Fix a bug when index_type == kTwoLevelIndexSearch in PartitionedIndexBuilder to update FlushPolicy to point to internal key partitioner when it changes from user-key mode to internal-key mode in index partition.
* Make compaction report InternalKey corruption while iterating over the input.
* Fix a bug which may cause MultiGet to be slow because it may read more data than requested, but this won't affect correctness. The bug was introduced in 6.10 release.
* Fail recovery and report once hitting a physical log record checksum mismatch, while reading MANIFEST. RocksDB should not continue processing the MANIFEST any further.
* Fixed a bug in size-amp-triggered and periodic-triggered universal compaction, where the compression settings for the first input level were used rather than the compression settings for the output (bottom) level.

### New Features
* DB identity (`db_id`) and DB session identity (`db_session_id`) are added to table properties and stored in SST files. SST files generated from SstFileWriter and Repairer have DB identity “SST Writer” and “DB Repairer”, respectively. Their DB session IDs are generated in the same way as `DB::GetDbSessionId`. The session ID for SstFileWriter (resp., Repairer) resets every time `SstFileWriter::Open` (resp., `Repairer::Run`) is called.
* Added experimental option BlockBasedTableOptions::optimize_filters_for_memory for reducing allocated memory size of Bloom filters (~10% savings with Jemalloc) while preserving the same general accuracy. To have an effect, the option requires format_version=5 and malloc_usable_size. Enabling this option is forward and backward compatible with existing format_version=5.
* `BackupableDBOptions::share_files_with_checksum_naming` is added with new default behavior for naming backup files with `share_files_with_checksum`, to address performance and backup integrity issues. See API comments for details.
* Added auto resume function to automatically recover the DB from background Retryable IO Error. When retryable IOError happens during flush and WAL write, the error is mapped to Hard Error and DB will be in read mode. When retryable IO Error happens during compaction, the error will be mapped to Soft Error. DB is still in write/read mode. Autoresume function will create a thread for a DB to call DB->ResumeImpl() to try the recover for Retryable IO Error during flush and WAL write. Compaction will be rescheduled by itself if retryable IO Error happens. Auto resume may also cause other Retryable IO Error during the recovery, so the recovery will fail. Retry the auto resume may solve the issue, so we use max_bgerror_resume_count to decide how many resume cycles will be tried in total. If it is <=0, auto resume retryable IO Error is disabled. Default is INT_MAX, which will lead to a infinit auto resume. bgerror_resume_retry_interval decides the time interval between two auto resumes.
* Option `max_subcompactions` can be set dynamically using DB::SetDBOptions().
* Added experimental ColumnFamilyOptions::sst_partitioner_factory to define determine the partitioning of sst files. This helps compaction to split the files on interesting boundaries (key prefixes) to make propagation of sst files less write amplifying (covering the whole key space).

### Performance Improvements
* Eliminate key copies for internal comparisons while accessing ingested block-based tables.
* Reduce key comparisons during random access in all block-based tables.
* BackupEngine avoids unnecessary repeated checksum computation for backing up a table file to the `shared_checksum` directory when using `share_files_with_checksum_naming = kUseDbSessionId` (new default), except on SST files generated before this version of RocksDB, which fall back on using `kLegacyCrc32cAndFileSize`.

## 6.11 (2020-06-12)
### Bug Fixes
* Fix consistency checking error swallowing in some cases when options.force_consistency_checks = true.
* Fix possible false NotFound status from batched MultiGet using index type kHashSearch.
* Fix corruption caused by enabling delete triggered compaction (NewCompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory) in universal compaction mode, along with parallel compactions. The bug can result in two parallel compactions picking the same input files, resulting in the DB resurrecting older and deleted versions of some keys.
* Fix a use-after-free bug in best-efforts recovery. column_family_memtables_ needs to point to valid ColumnFamilySet.
* Let best-efforts recovery ignore corrupted files during table loading.
* Fix corrupt key read from ingested file when iterator direction switches from reverse to forward at a key that is a prefix of another key in the same file. It is only possible in files with a non-zero global seqno.
* Fix abnormally large estimate from GetApproximateSizes when a range starts near the end of one SST file and near the beginning of another. Now GetApproximateSizes consistently and fairly includes the size of SST metadata in addition to data blocks, attributing metadata proportionally among the data blocks based on their size.
* Fix potential file descriptor leakage in PosixEnv's IsDirectory() and NewRandomAccessFile().
* Fix false negative from the VerifyChecksum() API when there is a checksum mismatch in an index partition block in a BlockBasedTable format table file (index_type is kTwoLevelIndexSearch).
* Fix sst_dump to return non-zero exit code if the specified file is not a recognized SST file or fails requested checks.
* Fix incorrect results from batched MultiGet for duplicate keys, when the duplicate key matches the largest key of an SST file and the value type for the key in the file is a merge value.

### Public API Change
* Flush(..., column_family) may return Status::ColumnFamilyDropped() instead of Status::InvalidArgument() if column_family is dropped while processing the flush request.
* BlobDB now explicitly disallows using the default column family's storage directories as blob directory.
* DeleteRange now returns `Status::InvalidArgument` if the range's end key comes before its start key according to the user comparator. Previously the behavior was undefined.
* ldb now uses options.force_consistency_checks = true by default and "--disable_consistency_checks" is added to disable it.
* DB::OpenForReadOnly no longer creates files or directories if the named DB does not exist, unless create_if_missing is set to true.
* The consistency checks that validate LSM state changes (table file additions/deletions during flushes and compactions) are now stricter, more efficient, and no longer optional, i.e. they are performed even if `force_consistency_checks` is `false`.
* Disable delete triggered compaction (NewCompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory) in universal compaction mode and num_levels = 1 in order to avoid a corruption bug.
* `pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache` no longer applies to L0 files larger than `1.5 * write_buffer_size` to give more predictable memory usage. Such L0 files may exist due to intra-L0 compaction, external file ingestion, or user dynamically changing `write_buffer_size` (note, however, that files that are already pinned will continue being pinned, even after such a dynamic change).
* In point-in-time wal recovery mode, fail database recovery in case of IOError while reading the WAL to avoid data loss.
* A new method `Env::LowerThreadPoolCPUPriority(Priority, CpuPriority)` is added to `Env` to be able to lower to a specific priority such as `CpuPriority::kIdle`.

### New Features
* sst_dump to add a new --readahead_size argument. Users can specify read size when scanning the data. Sst_dump also tries to prefetch tail part of the SST files so usually some number of I/Os are saved there too.
* Generate file checksum in SstFileWriter if Options.file_checksum_gen_factory is set. The checksum and checksum function name are stored in ExternalSstFileInfo after the sst file write is finished.
* Add a value_size_soft_limit in read options which limits the cumulative value size of keys read in batches in MultiGet. Once the cumulative value size of found keys exceeds read_options.value_size_soft_limit, all the remaining keys are returned with status Abort without further finding their values. By default the value_size_soft_limit is std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max().
* Enable SST file ingestion with file checksum information when calling IngestExternalFiles(const std::vector<IngestExternalFileArg>& args). Added files_checksums and files_checksum_func_names to IngestExternalFileArg such that user can ingest the sst files with their file checksum information. Added verify_file_checksum to IngestExternalFileOptions (default is True). To be backward compatible, if DB does not enable file checksum or user does not provide checksum information (vectors of files_checksums and files_checksum_func_names are both empty), verification of file checksum is always sucessful. If DB enables file checksum, DB will always generate the checksum for each ingested SST file during Prepare stage of ingestion and store the checksum in Manifest, unless verify_file_checksum is False and checksum information is provided by the application. In this case, we only verify the checksum function name and directly store the ingested checksum in Manifest. If verify_file_checksum is set to True, DB will verify the ingested checksum and function name with the genrated ones. Any mismatch will fail the ingestion. Note that, if IngestExternalFileOptions::write_global_seqno is True, the seqno will be changed in the ingested file. Therefore, the checksum of the file will be changed. In this case, a new checksum will be generated after the seqno is updated and be stored in the Manifest.

### Performance Improvements
* Eliminate redundant key comparisons during random access in block-based tables.

## 6.10 (2020-05-02)
### Bug Fixes
* Fix wrong result being read from ingested file. May happen when a key in the file happen to be prefix of another key also in the file. The issue can further cause more data corruption. The issue exists with rocksdb >= 5.0.0 since DB::IngestExternalFile() was introduced.
* Finish implementation of BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType::kBinarySearchWithFirstKey. It's now ready for use. Significantly reduces read amplification in some setups, especially for iterator seeks.
* Fix a bug by updating CURRENT file so that it points to the correct MANIFEST file after best-efforts recovery.
* Fixed a bug where ColumnFamilyHandle objects were not cleaned up in case an error happened during BlobDB's open after the base DB had been opened.
* Fix a potential undefined behavior caused by trying to dereference nullable pointer (timestamp argument) in DB::MultiGet.
* Fix a bug caused by not including user timestamp in MultiGet LookupKey construction. This can lead to wrong query result since the trailing bytes of a user key, if not shorter than timestamp, will be mistaken for user timestamp.
* Fix a bug caused by using wrong compare function when sorting the input keys of MultiGet with timestamps.
* Upgraded version of bzip library (1.0.6 -> 1.0.8) used with RocksJava to address potential vulnerabilities if an attacker can manipulate compressed data saved and loaded by RocksDB (not normal). See issue #6703.

### Public API Change
* Add a ConfigOptions argument to the APIs dealing with converting options to and from strings and files.  The ConfigOptions is meant to replace some of the options (such as input_strings_escaped and ignore_unknown_options) and allow for more parameters to be passed in the future without changing the function signature.
* Add NewFileChecksumGenCrc32cFactory to the file checksum public API, such that the builtin Crc32c based file checksum generator factory can be used by applications.
* Add IsDirectory to Env and FS to indicate if a path is a directory.

### New Features
* Added support for pipelined & parallel compression optimization for `BlockBasedTableBuilder`. This optimization makes block building, block compression and block appending a pipeline, and uses multiple threads to accelerate block compression. Users can set `CompressionOptions::parallel_threads` greater than 1 to enable compression parallelism. This feature is experimental for now.
* Provide an allocator for memkind to be used with block cache. This is to work with memory technologies (Intel DCPMM is one such technology currently available) that require different libraries for allocation and management (such as PMDK and memkind). The high capacities available make it possible to provision large caches (up to several TBs in size) beyond what is achievable with DRAM.
* Option `max_background_flushes` can be set dynamically using DB::SetDBOptions().
* Added functionality in sst_dump tool to check the compressed file size for different compression levels and print the time spent on compressing files with each compression type. Added arguments `--compression_level_from` and `--compression_level_to` to report size of all compression levels and one compression_type must be specified with it so that it will report compressed sizes of one compression type with different levels.
* Added statistics for redundant insertions into block cache: rocksdb.block.cache.*add.redundant. (There is currently no coordination to ensure that only one thread loads a table block when many threads are trying to access that same table block.)

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug when making options.bottommost_compression, options.compression_opts and options.bottommost_compression_opts dynamically changeable: the modified values are not written to option files or returned back to users when being queried.
* Fix a bug where index key comparisons were unaccounted in `PerfContext::user_key_comparison_count` for lookups in files written with `format_version >= 3`.
* Fix many bloom.filter statistics not being updated in batch MultiGet.

### Performance Improvements
* Improve performance of batch MultiGet with partitioned filters, by sharing block cache lookups to applicable filter blocks.
* Reduced memory copies when fetching and uncompressing compressed blocks from sst files.

## 6.9.0 (2020-03-29)
### Behavior changes
* Since RocksDB 6.8, ttl-based FIFO compaction can drop a file whose oldest key becomes older than options.ttl while others have not. This fix reverts this and makes ttl-based FIFO compaction use the file's flush time as the criterion. This fix also requires that max_open_files = -1 and compaction_options_fifo.allow_compaction = false to function properly.

### Public API Change
* Fix spelling so that API now has correctly spelled transaction state name `COMMITTED`, while the old misspelled `COMMITED` is still available as an alias.
* Updated default format_version in BlockBasedTableOptions from 2 to 4. SST files generated with the new default can be read by RocksDB versions 5.16 and newer, and use more efficient encoding of keys in index blocks.
* A new parameter `CreateBackupOptions` is added to both `BackupEngine::CreateNewBackup` and `BackupEngine::CreateNewBackupWithMetadata`, you can decrease CPU priority of `BackupEngine`'s background threads by setting `decrease_background_thread_cpu_priority` and `background_thread_cpu_priority` in `CreateBackupOptions`.
* Updated the public API of SST file checksum. Introduce the FileChecksumGenFactory to create the FileChecksumGenerator for each SST file, such that the FileChecksumGenerator is not shared and it can be more general for checksum implementations. Changed the FileChecksumGenerator interface from Value, Extend, and GetChecksum to Update, Finalize, and GetChecksum. Finalize should be only called once after all data is processed to generate the final checksum. Temproal data should be maintained by the FileChecksumGenerator object itself and finally it can return the checksum string.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug where range tombstone blocks in ingested files were cached incorrectly during ingestion. If range tombstones were read from those incorrectly cached blocks, the keys they covered would be exposed.
* Fix a data race that might cause crash when calling DB::GetCreationTimeOfOldestFile() by a small chance. The bug was introduced in 6.6 Release.
* Fix a bug where a boolean value optimize_filters_for_hits was for max threads when calling load table handles after a flush or compaction. The value is correct to 1. The bug should not cause user visible problems.
* Fix a bug which might crash the service when write buffer manager fails to insert the dummy handle to the block cache.

### Performance Improvements
* In CompactRange, for levels starting from 0, if the level does not have any file with any key falling in the specified range, the level is skipped. So instead of always compacting from level 0, the compaction starts from the first level with keys in the specified range until the last such level.
* Reduced memory copy when reading sst footer and blobdb in direct IO mode.
* When restarting a database with large numbers of sst files, large amount of CPU time is spent on getting logical block size of the sst files, which slows down the starting progress, this inefficiency is optimized away with an internal cache for the logical block sizes.

### New Features
* Basic support for user timestamp in iterator. Seek/SeekToFirst/Next and lower/upper bounds are supported. Reverse iteration is not supported. Merge is not considered.
* When file lock failure when the lock is held by the current process, return acquiring time and thread ID in the error message.
* Added a new option, best_efforts_recovery (default: false), to allow database to open in a db dir with missing table files. During best efforts recovery, missing table files are ignored, and database recovers to the most recent state without missing table file. Cross-column-family consistency is not guaranteed even if WAL is enabled.
* options.bottommost_compression, options.compression_opts and options.bottommost_compression_opts are now dynamically changeable.

## 6.8.0 (2020-02-24)
### Java API Changes
* Major breaking changes to Java comparators, toward standardizing on ByteBuffer for performant, locale-neutral operations on keys (#6252).
* Added overloads of common API methods using direct ByteBuffers for keys and values (#2283).

### Bug Fixes
* Fix incorrect results while block-based table uses kHashSearch, together with Prev()/SeekForPrev().
* Fix a bug that prevents opening a DB after two consecutive crash with TransactionDB, where the first crash recovers from a corrupted WAL with kPointInTimeRecovery but the second cannot.
* Fixed issue #6316 that can cause a corruption of the MANIFEST file in the middle when writing to it fails due to no disk space.
* Add DBOptions::skip_checking_sst_file_sizes_on_db_open. It disables potentially expensive checking of all sst file sizes in DB::Open().
* BlobDB now ignores trivially moved files when updating the mapping between blob files and SSTs. This should mitigate issue #6338 where out of order flush/compaction notifications could trigger an assertion with the earlier code.
* Batched MultiGet() ignores IO errors while reading data blocks, causing it to potentially continue looking for a key and returning stale results.
* `WriteBatchWithIndex::DeleteRange` returns `Status::NotSupported`. Previously it returned success even though reads on the batch did not account for range tombstones. The corresponding language bindings now cannot be used. In C, that includes `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete_range`, `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete_range_cf`, `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete_rangev`, and `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete_rangev_cf`. In Java, that includes `WriteBatchWithIndex::deleteRange`.
* Assign new MANIFEST file number when caller tries to create a new MANIFEST by calling LogAndApply(..., new_descriptor_log=true). This bug can cause MANIFEST being overwritten during recovery if options.write_dbid_to_manifest = true and there are WAL file(s).

### Performance Improvements
* Perfom readahead when reading from option files. Inside DB, options.log_readahead_size will be used as the readahead size. In other cases, a default 512KB is used.

### Public API Change
* The BlobDB garbage collector now emits the statistics `BLOB_DB_GC_NUM_FILES` (number of blob files obsoleted during GC), `BLOB_DB_GC_NUM_NEW_FILES` (number of new blob files generated during GC), `BLOB_DB_GC_FAILURES` (number of failed GC passes), `BLOB_DB_GC_NUM_KEYS_RELOCATED` (number of blobs relocated during GC), and `BLOB_DB_GC_BYTES_RELOCATED` (total size of blobs relocated during GC). On the other hand, the following statistics, which are not relevant for the new GC implementation, are now deprecated: `BLOB_DB_GC_NUM_KEYS_OVERWRITTEN`, `BLOB_DB_GC_NUM_KEYS_EXPIRED`, `BLOB_DB_GC_BYTES_OVERWRITTEN`, `BLOB_DB_GC_BYTES_EXPIRED`, and `BLOB_DB_GC_MICROS`.
* Disable recycle_log_file_num when an inconsistent recovery modes are requested: kPointInTimeRecovery and kAbsoluteConsistency

### New Features
* Added the checksum for each SST file generated by Flush or Compaction. Added sst_file_checksum_func to Options such that user can plugin their own SST file checksum function via override the FileChecksumFunc class. If user does not set the sst_file_checksum_func, SST file checksum calculation will not be enabled. The checksum information inlcuding uint32_t checksum value and a checksum function name (string). The checksum information is stored in FileMetadata in version store and also logged to MANIFEST. A new tool is added to LDB such that user can dump out a list of file checksum information from MANIFEST (stored in an unordered_map).
* `db_bench` now supports `value_size_distribution_type`, `value_size_min`, `value_size_max` options for generating random variable sized value. Added `blob_db_compression_type` option for BlobDB to enable blob compression.
* Replace RocksDB namespace "rocksdb" with flag "ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE" which if is not defined, defined as "rocksdb" in header file rocksdb_namespace.h.

## 6.7.0 (2020-01-21)
### Public API Change
* Added a rocksdb::FileSystem class in include/rocksdb/file_system.h to encapsulate file creation/read/write operations, and an option DBOptions::file_system to allow a user to pass in an instance of rocksdb::FileSystem. If its a non-null value, this will take precendence over DBOptions::env for file operations. A new API rocksdb::FileSystem::Default() returns a platform default object. The DBOptions::env option and Env::Default() API will continue to be used for threading and other OS related functions, and where DBOptions::file_system is not specified, for file operations. For storage developers who are accustomed to rocksdb::Env, the interface in rocksdb::FileSystem is new and will probably undergo some changes as more storage systems are ported to it from rocksdb::Env. As of now, no env other than Posix has been ported to the new interface.
* A new rocksdb::NewSstFileManager() API that allows the caller to pass in separate Env and FileSystem objects.
* Changed Java API for RocksDB.keyMayExist functions to use Holder<byte[]> instead of StringBuilder, so that retrieved values need not decode to Strings.
* A new `OptimisticTransactionDBOptions` Option that allows users to configure occ validation policy. The default policy changes from kValidateSerial to kValidateParallel to reduce mutex contention.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug that can cause unnecessary bg thread to be scheduled(#6104).
* Fix crash caused by concurrent CF iterations and drops(#6147).
* Fix a race condition for cfd->log_number_ between manifest switch and memtable switch (PR 6249) when number of column families is greater than 1.
* Fix a bug on fractional cascading index when multiple files at the same level contain the same smallest user key, and those user keys are for merge operands. In this case, Get() the exact key may miss some merge operands.
* Delcare kHashSearch index type feature-incompatible with index_block_restart_interval larger than 1.
* Fixed an issue where the thread pools were not resized upon setting `max_background_jobs` dynamically through the `SetDBOptions` interface.
* Fix a bug that can cause write threads to hang when a slowdown/stall happens and there is a mix of writers with WriteOptions::no_slowdown set/unset.
* Fixed an issue where an incorrect "number of input records" value was used to compute the "records dropped" statistics for compactions.
* Fix a regression bug that causes segfault when hash is used, max_open_files != -1 and total order seek is used and switched back.

### New Features
* It is now possible to enable periodic compactions for the base DB when using BlobDB.
* BlobDB now garbage collects non-TTL blobs when `enable_garbage_collection` is set to `true` in `BlobDBOptions`. Garbage collection is performed during compaction: any valid blobs located in the oldest N files (where N is the number of non-TTL blob files multiplied by the value of `BlobDBOptions::garbage_collection_cutoff`) encountered during compaction get relocated to new blob files, and old blob files are dropped once they are no longer needed. Note: we recommend enabling periodic compactions for the base DB when using this feature to deal with the case when some old blob files are kept alive by SSTs that otherwise do not get picked for compaction.
* `db_bench` now supports the `garbage_collection_cutoff` option for BlobDB.
* Introduce ReadOptions.auto_prefix_mode. When set to true, iterator will return the same result as total order seek, but may choose to use prefix seek internally based on seek key and iterator upper bound.
* MultiGet() can use IO Uring to parallelize read from the same SST file. This featuer is by default disabled. It can be enabled with environment variable ROCKSDB_USE_IO_URING.

## 6.6.2 (2020-01-13)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a bug where non-L0 compaction input files were not considered to compute the `creation_time` of new compaction outputs.

## 6.6.1 (2020-01-02)
### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in WriteBatchWithIndex::MultiGetFromBatchAndDB, which is called by Transaction::MultiGet, that causes due to stale pointer access when the number of keys is > 32
* Fixed two performance issues related to memtable history trimming. First, a new SuperVersion is now created only if some memtables were actually trimmed. Second, trimming is only scheduled if there is at least one flushed memtable that is kept in memory for the purposes of transaction conflict checking.
* BlobDB no longer updates the SST to blob file mapping upon failed compactions.
* Fix a bug in which a snapshot read through an iterator could be affected by a DeleteRange after the snapshot (#6062).
* Fixed a bug where BlobDB was comparing the `ColumnFamilyHandle` pointers themselves instead of only the column family IDs when checking whether an API call uses the default column family or not.
* Delete superversions in BackgroundCallPurge.
* Fix use-after-free and double-deleting files in BackgroundCallPurge().

## 6.6.0 (2019-11-25)
### Bug Fixes
* Fix data corruption caused by output of intra-L0 compaction on ingested file not being placed in correct order in L0.
* Fix a data race between Version::GetColumnFamilyMetaData() and Compaction::MarkFilesBeingCompacted() for access to being_compacted (#6056). The current fix acquires the db mutex during Version::GetColumnFamilyMetaData(), which may cause regression.
* Fix a bug in DBIter that is_blob_ state isn't updated when iterating backward using seek.
* Fix a bug when format_version=3, partitioned filters, and prefix search are used in conjunction. The bug could result into Seek::(prefix) returning NotFound for an existing prefix.
* Revert the feature "Merging iterator to avoid child iterator reseek for some cases (#5286)" since it might cause strong results when reseek happens with a different iterator upper bound.
* Fix a bug causing a crash during ingest external file when background compaction cause severe error (file not found).
* Fix a bug when partitioned filters and prefix search are used in conjunction, ::SeekForPrev could return invalid for an existing prefix. ::SeekForPrev might be called by the user, or internally on ::Prev, or within ::Seek if the return value involves Delete or a Merge operand.
* Fix OnFlushCompleted fired before flush result persisted in MANIFEST when there's concurrent flush job. The bug exists since OnFlushCompleted was introduced in rocksdb 3.8.
* Fixed an sst_dump crash on some plain table SST files.
* Fixed a memory leak in some error cases of opening plain table SST files.
* Fix a bug when a crash happens while calling WriteLevel0TableForRecovery for multiple column families, leading to a column family's log number greater than the first corrutped log number when the DB is being opened in PointInTime recovery mode during next recovery attempt (#5856).

### New Features
* Universal compaction to support options.periodic_compaction_seconds. A full compaction will be triggered if any file is over the threshold.
* `GetLiveFilesMetaData` and `GetColumnFamilyMetaData` now expose the file number of SST files as well as the oldest blob file referenced by each SST.
* A batched MultiGet API (DB::MultiGet()) that supports retrieving keys from multiple column families.
* Full and partitioned filters in the block-based table use an improved Bloom filter implementation, enabled with format_version 5 (or above) because previous releases cannot read this filter. This replacement is faster and more accurate, especially for high bits per key or millions of keys in a single (full) filter. For example, the new Bloom filter has the same false positive rate at 9.55 bits per key as the old one at 10 bits per key, and a lower false positive rate at 16 bits per key than the old one at 100 bits per key.
* Added AVX2 instructions to USE_SSE builds to accelerate the new Bloom filter and XXH3-based hash function on compatible x86_64 platforms (Haswell and later, ~2014).
* Support options.ttl or options.periodic_compaction_seconds with options.max_open_files = -1. File's oldest ancester time and file creation time will be written to manifest. If it is availalbe, this information will be used instead of creation_time and file_creation_time in table properties.
* Setting options.ttl for universal compaction now has the same meaning as setting periodic_compaction_seconds.
* SstFileMetaData also returns file creation time and oldest ancester time.
* The `sst_dump` command line tool `recompress` command now displays how many blocks were compressed and how many were not, in particular how many were not compressed because the compression ratio was not met (12.5% threshold for GoodCompressionRatio), as seen in the `number.block.not_compressed` counter stat since version 6.0.0.
* The block cache usage is now takes into account the overhead of metadata per each entry. This results into more accurate management of memory. A side-effect of this feature is that less items are fit into the block cache of the same size, which would result to higher cache miss rates. This can be remedied by increasing the block cache size or passing kDontChargeCacheMetadata to its constuctor to restore the old behavior.
* When using BlobDB, a mapping is maintained and persisted in the MANIFEST between each SST file and the oldest non-TTL blob file it references.
* `db_bench` now supports and by default issues non-TTL Puts to BlobDB. TTL Puts can be enabled by specifying a non-zero value for the `blob_db_max_ttl_range` command line parameter explicitly.
* `sst_dump` now supports printing BlobDB blob indexes in a human-readable format. This can be enabled by specifying the `decode_blob_index` flag on the command line.
* A number of new information elements are now exposed through the EventListener interface. For flushes, the file numbers of the new SST file and the oldest blob file referenced by the SST are propagated. For compactions, the level, file number, and the oldest blob file referenced are passed to the client for each compaction input and output file.

### Public API Change
* RocksDB release 4.1 or older will not be able to open DB generated by the new release. 4.2 was released on Feb 23, 2016.
* TTL Compactions in Level compaction style now initiate successive cascading compactions on a key range so that it reaches the bottom level quickly on TTL expiry. `creation_time` table property for compaction output files is now set to the minimum of the creation times of all compaction inputs.
* With FIFO compaction style, options.periodic_compaction_seconds will have the same meaning as options.ttl. Whichever stricter will be used. With the default options.periodic_compaction_seconds value with options.ttl's default of 0, RocksDB will give a default of 30 days.
* Added an API GetCreationTimeOfOldestFile(uint64_t* creation_time) to get the file_creation_time of the oldest SST file in the DB.
* FilterPolicy now exposes additional API to make it possible to choose filter configurations based on context, such as table level and compaction style. See `LevelAndStyleCustomFilterPolicy` in db_bloom_filter_test.cc. While most existing custom implementations of FilterPolicy should continue to work as before, those wrapping the return of NewBloomFilterPolicy will require overriding new function `GetBuilderWithContext()`, because calling `GetFilterBitsBuilder()` on the FilterPolicy returned by NewBloomFilterPolicy is no longer supported.
* An unlikely usage of FilterPolicy is no longer supported. Calling GetFilterBitsBuilder() on the FilterPolicy returned by NewBloomFilterPolicy will now cause an assertion violation in debug builds, because RocksDB has internally migrated to a more elaborate interface that is expected to evolve further. Custom implementations of FilterPolicy should work as before, except those wrapping the return of NewBloomFilterPolicy, which will require a new override of a protected function in FilterPolicy.
* NewBloomFilterPolicy now takes bits_per_key as a double instead of an int. This permits finer control over the memory vs. accuracy trade-off in the new Bloom filter implementation and should not change source code compatibility.
* The option BackupableDBOptions::max_valid_backups_to_open is now only used when opening BackupEngineReadOnly. When opening a read/write BackupEngine, anything but the default value logs a warning and is treated as the default. This change ensures that backup deletion has proper accounting of shared files to ensure they are deleted when no longer referenced by a backup.
* Deprecate `snap_refresh_nanos` option.
* Added DisableManualCompaction/EnableManualCompaction to stop and resume manual compaction.
* Add TryCatchUpWithPrimary() to StackableDB in non-LITE mode.
* Add a new Env::LoadEnv() overloaded function to return a shared_ptr to Env.
* Flush sets file name to "(nil)" for OnTableFileCreationCompleted() if the flush does not produce any L0. This can happen if the file is empty thus delete by RocksDB.

### Default Option Changes
* Changed the default value of periodic_compaction_seconds to `UINT64_MAX - 1` which allows RocksDB to auto-tune periodic compaction scheduling. When using the default value, periodic compactions are now auto-enabled if a compaction filter is used. A value of `0` will turn off the feature completely.
* Changed the default value of ttl to `UINT64_MAX - 1` which allows RocksDB to auto-tune ttl value. When using the default value, TTL will be auto-enabled to 30 days, when the feature is supported. To revert the old behavior, you can explicitly set it to 0.

### Performance Improvements
* For 64-bit hashing, RocksDB is standardizing on a slightly modified preview version of XXH3. This function is now used for many non-persisted hashes, along with fastrange64() in place of the modulus operator, and some benchmarks show a slight improvement.
* Level iterator to invlidate the iterator more often in prefix seek and the level is filtered out by prefix bloom.

## 6.5.2 (2019-11-15)
### Bug Fixes
* Fix a assertion failure in MultiGet() when BlockBasedTableOptions::no_block_cache is true and there is no compressed block cache
* Fix a buffer overrun problem in BlockBasedTable::MultiGet() when compression is enabled and no compressed block cache is configured.
* If a call to BackupEngine::PurgeOldBackups or BackupEngine::DeleteBackup suffered a crash, power failure, or I/O error, files could be left over from old backups that could only be purged with a call to GarbageCollect. Any call to PurgeOldBackups, DeleteBackup, or GarbageCollect should now suffice to purge such files.

## 6.5.1 (2019-10-16)
### Bug Fixes
* Revert the feature "Merging iterator to avoid child iterator reseek for some cases (#5286)" since it might cause strange results when reseek happens with a different iterator upper bound.
* Fix a bug in BlockBasedTableIterator that might return incorrect results when reseek happens with a different iterator upper bound.
* Fix a bug when partitioned filters and prefix search are used in conjunction, ::SeekForPrev could return invalid for an existing prefix. ::SeekForPrev might be called by the user, or internally on ::Prev, or within ::Seek if the return value involves Delete or a Merge operand.

## 6.5.0 (2019-09-13)
### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a number of data races in BlobDB.
* Fix a bug where the compaction snapshot refresh feature is not disabled as advertised when `snap_refresh_nanos` is set to 0..
* Fix bloom filter lookups by the MultiGet batching API when BlockBasedTableOptions::whole_key_filtering is false, by checking that a key is in the perfix_extractor domain and extracting the prefix before looking up.
* Fix a bug in file ingestion caused by incorrect file number allocation when the number of column families involved in the ingestion exceeds 2.

### New Features
* Introduced DBOptions::max_write_batch_group_size_bytes to configure maximum limit on number of bytes that are written in a single batch of WAL or memtable write. It is followed when the leader write size is larger than 1/8 of this limit.
* VerifyChecksum() by default will issue readahead. Allow ReadOptions to be passed in to those functions to override the readhead size. For checksum verifying before external SST file ingestion, a new option IngestExternalFileOptions.verify_checksums_readahead_size, is added for this readahead setting.
* When user uses options.force_consistency_check in RocksDb, instead of crashing the process, we now pass the error back to the users without killing the process.
* Add an option `memtable_insert_hint_per_batch` to WriteOptions. If it is true, each WriteBatch will maintain its own insert hints for each memtable in concurrent write. See include/rocksdb/options.h for more details.

### Public API Change
* Added max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain option to better control memory usage of immutable memtables.
* Added a lightweight API GetCurrentWalFile() to get last live WAL filename and size. Meant to be used as a helper for backup/restore tooling in a larger ecosystem such as MySQL with a MyRocks storage engine.
* The MemTable Bloom filter, when enabled, now always uses cache locality. Options::bloom_locality now only affects the PlainTable SST format.

### Performance Improvements
* Improve the speed of the MemTable Bloom filter, reducing the write overhead of enabling it by 1/3 to 1/2, with similar benefit to read performance.

## 6.4.0 (2019-07-30)
### Default Option Change
* LRUCacheOptions.high_pri_pool_ratio is set to 0.5 (previously 0.0) by default, which means that by default midpoint insertion is enabled. The same change is made for the default value of high_pri_pool_ratio argument in NewLRUCache(). When block cache is not explicitly created, the small block cache created by BlockBasedTable will still has this option to be 0.0.
* Change BlockBasedTableOptions.cache_index_and_filter_blocks_with_high_priority's default value from false to true.

### Public API Change
* Filter and compression dictionary blocks are now handled similarly to data blocks with regards to the block cache: instead of storing objects in the cache, only the blocks themselves are cached. In addition, filter and compression dictionary blocks (as well as filter partitions) no longer get evicted from the cache when a table is closed.
* Due to the above refactoring, block cache eviction statistics for filter and compression dictionary blocks are temporarily broken. We plan to reintroduce them in a later phase.
* The semantics of the per-block-type block read counts in the performance context now match those of the generic block_read_count.
* Errors related to the retrieval of the compression dictionary are now propagated to the user.
* db_bench adds a "benchmark" stats_history, which prints out the whole stats history.
* Overload GetAllKeyVersions() to support non-default column family.
* Added new APIs ExportColumnFamily() and CreateColumnFamilyWithImport() to support export and import of a Column Family. https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/issues/3469
* ldb sometimes uses a string-append merge operator if no merge operator is passed in. This is to allow users to print keys from a DB with a merge operator.
* Replaces old Registra with ObjectRegistry to allow user to create custom object from string, also add LoadEnv() to Env.
* Added new overload of GetApproximateSizes which gets SizeApproximationOptions object and returns a Status. The older overloads are redirecting their calls to this new method and no longer assert if the include_flags doesn't have either of INCLUDE_MEMTABLES or INCLUDE_FILES bits set. It's recommended to use the new method only, as it is more type safe and returns a meaningful status in case of errors.
* LDBCommandRunner::RunCommand() to return the status code as an integer, rather than call exit() using the code.

### New Features
* Add argument `--secondary_path` to ldb to open the database as the secondary instance. This would keep the original DB intact.
* Compression dictionary blocks are now prefetched and pinned in the cache (based on the customer's settings) the same way as index and filter blocks.
* Added DBOptions::log_readahead_size which specifies the number of bytes to prefetch when reading the log. This is mostly useful for reading a remotely located log, as it can save the number of round-trips. If 0 (default), then the prefetching is disabled.
* Added new option in SizeApproximationOptions used with DB::GetApproximateSizes. When approximating the files total size that is used to store a keys range, allow approximation with an error margin of up to total_files_size * files_size_error_margin. This allows to take some shortcuts in files size approximation, resulting in better performance, while guaranteeing the resulting error is within a reasonable margin.
* Support loading custom objects in unit tests. In the affected unit tests, RocksDB will create custom Env objects based on environment variable TEST_ENV_URI. Users need to make sure custom object types are properly registered. For example, a static library should expose a `RegisterCustomObjects` function. By linking the unit test binary with the static library, the unit test can execute this function.

### Performance Improvements
* Reduce iterator key comparison for upper/lower bound check.
* Improve performance of row_cache: make reads with newer snapshots than data in an SST file share the same cache key, except in some transaction cases.
* The compression dictionary is no longer copied to a new object upon retrieval.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix ingested file and directory not being fsync.
* Return TryAgain status in place of Corruption when new tail is not visible to TransactionLogIterator.
* Fixed a regression where the fill_cache read option also affected index blocks.
* Fixed an issue where using cache_index_and_filter_blocks==false affected partitions of partitioned indexes/filters as well.

## 6.3.2 (2019-08-15)
### Public API Change
* The semantics of the per-block-type block read counts in the performance context now match those of the generic block_read_count.

### Bug Fixes
* Fixed a regression where the fill_cache read option also affected index blocks.
* Fixed an issue where using cache_index_and_filter_blocks==false affected partitions of partitioned indexes as well.

## 6.3.1 (2019-07-24)
### Bug Fixes
* Fix auto rolling bug introduced in 6.3.0, which causes segfault if log file creation fails.

## 6.3.0 (2019-06-18)
### Public API Change
* Now DB::Close() will return Aborted() error when there is unreleased snapshot. Users can retry after all snapshots are released.
* Index blocks are now handled similarly to data blocks with regards to the block cache: instead of storing objects in the cache, only the blocks themselves are cached. In addition, index blocks no longer get evicted from the cache when a table is closed, can now use the compressed block cache (if any), and can be shared among multiple table readers.
* Partitions of partitioned indexes no longer affect the read amplification statistics.
* Due to the above refactoring, block cache eviction statistics for indexes are temporarily broken. We plan to reintroduce them in a later phase.
* options.keep_log_file_num will be enforced strictly all the time. File names of all log files will be tracked, which may take significantly amount of memory if options.keep_log_file_num is large and either of options.max_log_file_size or options.log_file_time_to_roll is set.
* Add initial support for Get/Put with user timestamps. Users can specify timestamps via ReadOptions and WriteOptions when calling DB::Get and DB::Put.
* Accessing a partition of a partitioned filter or index through a pinned reference is no longer considered a cache hit.
* Add C bindings for secondary instance, i.e. DBImplSecondary.
* Rate limited deletion of WALs is only enabled if DBOptions::wal_dir is not set, or explicitly set to db_name passed to DB::Open and DBOptions::db_paths is empty, or same as db_paths[0].path

### New Features
* Add an option `snap_refresh_nanos` (default to 0) to periodically refresh the snapshot list in compaction jobs. Assign to 0 to disable the feature.
* Add an option `unordered_write` which trades snapshot guarantees with higher write throughput. When used with WRITE_PREPARED transactions with two_write_queues=true, it offers higher throughput with however no compromise on guarantees.
* Allow DBImplSecondary to remove memtables with obsolete data after replaying MANIFEST and WAL.
* Add an option `failed_move_fall_back_to_copy` (default is true) for external SST ingestion. When `move_files` is true and hard link fails, ingestion falls back to copy if `failed_move_fall_back_to_copy` is true. Otherwise, ingestion reports an error.
* Add command `list_file_range_deletes` in ldb, which prints out tombstones in SST files.

### Performance Improvements
* Reduce binary search when iterator reseek into the same data block.
* DBIter::Next() can skip user key checking if previous entry's seqnum is 0.
* Merging iterator to avoid child iterator reseek for some cases
* Log Writer will flush after finishing the whole record, rather than a fragment.
* Lower MultiGet batching API latency by reading data blocks from disk in parallel

### General Improvements
* Added new status code kColumnFamilyDropped to distinguish between Column Family Dropped and DB Shutdown in progress.
* Improve ColumnFamilyOptions validation when creating a new column family.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in WAL replay of secondary instance by skipping write batches with older sequence numbers than the current last sequence number.
* Fix flush's/compaction's merge processing logic which allowed `Put`s covered by range tombstones to reappear. Note `Put`s may exist even if the user only ever called `Merge()` due to an internal conversion during compaction to the bottommost level.
* Fix/improve memtable earliest sequence assignment and WAL replay so that WAL entries of unflushed column families will not be skipped after replaying the MANIFEST and increasing db sequence due to another flushed/compacted column family.
* Fix a bug caused by secondary not skipping the beginning of new MANIFEST.
* On DB open, delete WAL trash files left behind in wal_dir

## 6.2.0 (2019-04-30)
### New Features
* Add an option `strict_bytes_per_sync` that causes a file-writing thread to block rather than exceed the limit on bytes pending writeback specified by `bytes_per_sync` or `wal_bytes_per_sync`.
* Improve range scan performance by avoiding per-key upper bound check in BlockBasedTableIterator.
* Introduce Periodic Compaction for Level style compaction. Files are re-compacted periodically and put in the same level.
* Block-based table index now contains exact highest key in the file, rather than an upper bound. This may improve Get() and iterator Seek() performance in some situations, especially when direct IO is enabled and block cache is disabled. A setting BlockBasedTableOptions::index_shortening is introduced to control this behavior. Set it to kShortenSeparatorsAndSuccessor to get the old behavior.
* When reading from option file/string/map, customized envs can be filled according to object registry.
* Improve range scan performance when using explicit user readahead by not creating new table readers for every iterator.
* Add index type BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType::kBinarySearchWithFirstKey. It significantly reduces read amplification in some setups, especially for iterator seeks. It's not fully implemented yet: IO errors are not handled right.

### Public API Change
* Change the behavior of OptimizeForPointLookup(): move away from hash-based block-based-table index, and use whole key memtable filtering.
* Change the behavior of OptimizeForSmallDb(): use a 16MB block cache, put index and filter blocks into it, and cost the memtable size to it. DBOptions.OptimizeForSmallDb() and ColumnFamilyOptions.OptimizeForSmallDb() start to take an optional cache object.
* Added BottommostLevelCompaction::kForceOptimized to avoid double compacting newly compacted files in the bottommost level compaction of manual compaction. Note this option may prohibit the manual compaction to produce a single file in the bottommost level.

### Bug Fixes
* Adjust WriteBufferManager's dummy entry size to block cache from 1MB to 256KB.
* Fix a race condition between WritePrepared::Get and ::Put with duplicate keys.
* Fix crash when memtable prefix bloom is enabled and read/write a key out of domain of prefix extractor.
* Close a WAL file before another thread deletes it.
* Fix an assertion failure `IsFlushPending() == true` caused by one bg thread releasing the db mutex in ~ColumnFamilyData and another thread clearing `flush_requested_` flag.

## 6.1.1 (2019-04-09)
### New Features
* When reading from option file/string/map, customized comparators and/or merge operators can be filled according to object registry.

### Public API Change

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in 2PC where a sequence of txn prepare, memtable flush, and crash could result in losing the prepared transaction.
* Fix a bug in Encryption Env which could cause encrypted files to be read beyond file boundaries.

## 6.1.0 (2019-03-27)
### New Features
* Introduce two more stats levels, kExceptHistogramOrTimers and kExceptTimers.
* Added a feature to perform data-block sampling for compressibility, and report stats to user.
* Add support for trace filtering.
* Add DBOptions.avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io. If true, we avoid file deletion when destroying ColumnFamilyHandle and Iterator. Instead, a job is scheduled to delete the files in background.

### Public API Change
* Remove bundled fbson library.
* statistics.stats_level_ becomes atomic. It is preferred to use statistics.set_stats_level() and statistics.get_stats_level() to access it.
* Introduce a new IOError subcode, PathNotFound, to indicate trying to open a nonexistent file or directory for read.
* Add initial support for multiple db instances sharing the same data in single-writer, multi-reader mode.
* Removed some "using std::xxx" from public headers.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix JEMALLOC_CXX_THROW macro missing from older Jemalloc versions, causing build failures on some platforms.
* Fix SstFileReader not able to open file ingested with write_glbal_seqno=true.

## 6.0.0 (2019-02-19)
### New Features
* Enabled checkpoint on readonly db (DBImplReadOnly).
* Make DB ignore dropped column families while committing results of atomic flush.
* RocksDB may choose to preopen some files even if options.max_open_files != -1. This may make DB open slightly longer.
* For users of dictionary compression with ZSTD v0.7.0+, we now reuse the same digested dictionary when compressing each of an SST file's data blocks for faster compression speeds.
* For all users of dictionary compression who set `cache_index_and_filter_blocks == true`, we now store dictionary data used for decompression in the block cache for better control over memory usage. For users of ZSTD v1.1.4+ who compile with -DZSTD_STATIC_LINKING_ONLY, this includes a digested dictionary, which is used to increase decompression speed.
* Add support for block checksums verification for external SST files before ingestion.
* Introduce stats history which periodically saves Statistics snapshots and added `GetStatsHistory` API to retrieve these snapshots.
* Add a place holder in manifest which indicate a record from future that can be safely ignored.
* Add support for trace sampling.
* Enable properties block checksum verification for block-based tables.
* For all users of dictionary compression, we now generate a separate dictionary for compressing each bottom-level SST file. Previously we reused a single dictionary for a whole compaction to bottom level. The new approach achieves better compression ratios; however, it uses more memory and CPU for buffering/sampling data blocks and training dictionaries.
* Add whole key bloom filter support in memtable.
* Files written by `SstFileWriter` will now use dictionary compression if it is configured in the file writer's `CompressionOptions`.

### Public API Change
* Disallow CompactionFilter::IgnoreSnapshots() = false, because it is not very useful and the behavior is confusing. The filter will filter everything if there is no snapshot declared by the time the compaction starts. However, users can define a snapshot after the compaction starts and before it finishes and this new snapshot won't be repeatable, because after the compaction finishes, some keys may be dropped.
* CompactionPri = kMinOverlappingRatio also uses compensated file size, which boosts file with lots of tombstones to be compacted first.
* Transaction::GetForUpdate is extended with a do_validate parameter with default value of true. If false it skips validating the snapshot before doing the read. Similarly ::Merge, ::Put, ::Delete, and ::SingleDelete are extended with assume_tracked with default value of false. If true it indicates that call is assumed to be after a ::GetForUpdate.
* `TableProperties::num_entries` and `TableProperties::num_deletions` now also account for number of range tombstones.
* Remove geodb, spatial_db, document_db, json_document, date_tiered_db, and redis_lists.
* With "ldb ----try_load_options", when wal_dir specified by the option file doesn't exist, ignore it.
* Change time resolution in FileOperationInfo.
* Deleting Blob files also go through SStFileManager.
* Remove CuckooHash memtable.
* The counter stat `number.block.not_compressed` now also counts blocks not compressed due to poor compression ratio.
* Remove ttl option from `CompactionOptionsFIFO`. The option has been deprecated and ttl in `ColumnFamilyOptions` is used instead.
* Support SST file ingestion across multiple column families via DB::IngestExternalFiles. See the function's comment about atomicity.
* Remove Lua compaction filter.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a deadlock caused by compaction and file ingestion waiting for each other in the event of write stalls.
* Fix a memory leak when files with range tombstones are read in mmap mode and block cache is enabled
* Fix handling of corrupt range tombstone blocks such that corruptions cannot cause deleted keys to reappear
* Lock free MultiGet
* Fix incorrect `NotFound` point lookup result when querying the endpoint of a file that has been extended by a range tombstone.
* Fix with pipelined write, write leaders's callback failure lead to the whole write group fail.

### Change Default Options
* Change options.compaction_pri's default to kMinOverlappingRatio

## 5.18.0 (2018-11-30)
### New Features
* Introduced `JemallocNodumpAllocator` memory allocator. When being use, block cache will be excluded from core dump.
* Introduced `PerfContextByLevel` as part of `PerfContext` which allows storing perf context at each level. Also replaced `__thread` with `thread_local` keyword for perf_context. Added per-level perf context for bloom filter and `Get` query.
* With level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes = true, level multiplier may be adjusted automatically when Level 0 to 1 compaction is lagged behind.
* Introduced DB option `atomic_flush`. If true, RocksDB supports flushing multiple column families and atomically committing the result to MANIFEST. Useful when WAL is disabled.
* Added `num_deletions` and `num_merge_operands` members to `TableProperties`.
* Added "rocksdb.min-obsolete-sst-number-to-keep" DB property that reports the lower bound on SST file numbers that are being kept from deletion, even if the SSTs are obsolete.
* Add xxhash64 checksum support
* Introduced `MemoryAllocator`, which lets the user specify custom memory allocator for block based table.
* Improved `DeleteRange` to prevent read performance degradation. The feature is no longer marked as experimental.

### Public API Change
* `DBOptions::use_direct_reads` now affects reads issued by `BackupEngine` on the database's SSTs.
* `NO_ITERATORS` is divided into two counters `NO_ITERATOR_CREATED` and `NO_ITERATOR_DELETE`. Both of them are only increasing now, just as other counters.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix corner case where a write group leader blocked due to write stall blocks other writers in queue with WriteOptions::no_slowdown set.
* Fix in-memory range tombstone truncation to avoid erroneously covering newer keys at a lower level, and include range tombstones in compacted files whose largest key is the range tombstone's start key.
* Properly set the stop key for a truncated manual CompactRange
* Fix slow flush/compaction when DB contains many snapshots. The problem became noticeable to us in DBs with 100,000+ snapshots, though it will affect others at different thresholds.
* Fix the bug that WriteBatchWithIndex's SeekForPrev() doesn't see the entries with the same key.
* Fix the bug where user comparator was sometimes fed with InternalKey instead of the user key. The bug manifests when during GenerateBottommostFiles.
* Fix a bug in WritePrepared txns where if the number of old snapshots goes beyond the snapshot cache size (128 default) the rest will not be checked when evicting a commit entry from the commit cache.
* Fixed Get correctness bug in the presence of range tombstones where merge operands covered by a range tombstone always result in NotFound.
* Start populating `NO_FILE_CLOSES` ticker statistic, which was always zero previously.
* The default value of NewBloomFilterPolicy()'s argument use_block_based_builder is changed to false. Note that this new default may cause large temp memory usage when building very large SST files.

## 5.17.0 (2018-10-05)
### Public API Change
* `OnTableFileCreated` will now be called for empty files generated during compaction. In that case, `TableFileCreationInfo::file_path` will be "(nil)" and `TableFileCreationInfo::file_size` will be zero.
* Add `FlushOptions::allow_write_stall`, which controls whether Flush calls start working immediately, even if it causes user writes to stall, or will wait until flush can be performed without causing write stall (similar to `CompactRangeOptions::allow_write_stall`). Note that the default value is false, meaning we add delay to Flush calls until stalling can be avoided when possible. This is behavior change compared to previous RocksDB versions, where Flush calls didn't check if they might cause stall or not.
* Application using PessimisticTransactionDB is expected to rollback/commit recovered transactions before starting new ones. This assumption is used to skip concurrency control during recovery.
* Expose column family id to `OnCompactionCompleted`.

### New Features
* TransactionOptions::skip_concurrency_control allows pessimistic transactions to skip the overhead of concurrency control. Could be used for optimizing certain transactions or during recovery.

### Bug Fixes
* Avoid creating empty SSTs and subsequently deleting them in certain cases during compaction.
* Sync CURRENT file contents during checkpoint.

## 5.16.3 (2018-10-01)
### Bug Fixes
* Fix crash caused when `CompactFiles` run with `CompactionOptions::compression == CompressionType::kDisableCompressionOption`. Now that setting causes the compression type to be chosen according to the column family-wide compression options.

## 5.16.2 (2018-09-21)
### Bug Fixes
* Fix bug in partition filters with format_version=4.

## 5.16.1 (2018-09-17)
### Bug Fixes
* Remove trace_analyzer_tool from rocksdb_lib target in TARGETS file.
* Fix RocksDB Java build and tests.
* Remove sync point in Block destructor.

## 5.16.0 (2018-08-21)
### Public API Change
* The merge operands are passed to `MergeOperator::ShouldMerge` in the reversed order relative to how they were merged (passed to FullMerge or FullMergeV2) for performance reasons
* GetAllKeyVersions() to take an extra argument of `max_num_ikeys`.
* Using ZSTD dictionary trainer (i.e., setting `CompressionOptions::zstd_max_train_bytes` to a nonzero value) now requires ZSTD version 1.1.3 or later.

### New Features
* Changes the format of index blocks by delta encoding the index values, which are the block handles. This saves the encoding of BlockHandle::offset of the non-head index entries in each restart interval. The feature is backward compatible but not forward compatible. It is disabled by default unless format_version 4 or above is used.
* Add a new tool: trace_analyzer. Trace_analyzer analyzes the trace file generated by using trace_replay API. It can convert the binary format trace file to a human readable txt file, output the statistics of the analyzed query types such as access statistics and size statistics, combining the dumped whole key space file to analyze, support query correlation analyzing, and etc. Current supported query types are: Get, Put, Delete, SingleDelete, DeleteRange, Merge, Iterator (Seek, SeekForPrev only).
* Add hash index support to data blocks, which helps reducing the cpu utilization of point-lookup operations. This feature is backward compatible with the data block created without the hash index. It is disabled by default unless BlockBasedTableOptions::data_block_index_type is set to data_block_index_type = kDataBlockBinaryAndHash.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a bug in misreporting the estimated partition index size in properties block.

## 5.15.0 (2018-07-17)
### Public API Change
* Remove managed iterator. ReadOptions.managed is not effective anymore.
* For bottommost_compression, a compatible CompressionOptions is added via `bottommost_compression_opts`. To keep backward compatible, a new boolean `enabled` is added to CompressionOptions. For compression_opts, it will be always used no matter what value of `enabled` is. For bottommost_compression_opts, it will only be used when user set `enabled=true`, otherwise, compression_opts will be used for bottommost_compression as default.
* With LRUCache, when high_pri_pool_ratio > 0, midpoint insertion strategy will be enabled to put low-pri items to the tail of low-pri list (the midpoint) when they first inserted into the cache. This is to make cache entries never get hit age out faster, improving cache efficiency when large background scan presents.
* For users of `Statistics` objects created via `CreateDBStatistics()`, the format of the string returned by its `ToString()` method has changed.
* The "rocksdb.num.entries" table property no longer counts range deletion tombstones as entries.

### New Features
* Changes the format of index blocks by storing the key in their raw form rather than converting them to InternalKey. This saves 8 bytes per index key. The feature is backward compatible but not forward compatible. It is disabled by default unless format_version 3 or above is used.
* Avoid memcpy when reading mmap files with OpenReadOnly and max_open_files==-1.
* Support dynamically changing `ColumnFamilyOptions::ttl` via `SetOptions()`.
* Add a new table property, "rocksdb.num.range-deletions", which counts the number of range deletion tombstones in the table.
* Improve the performance of iterators doing long range scans by using readahead, when using direct IO.
* pin_top_level_index_and_filter (default true) in BlockBasedTableOptions can be used in combination with cache_index_and_filter_blocks to prefetch and pin the top-level index of partitioned index and filter blocks in cache. It has no impact when cache_index_and_filter_blocks is false.
* Write properties meta-block at the end of block-based table to save read-ahead IO.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix deadlock with enable_pipelined_write=true and max_successive_merges > 0
* Check conflict at output level in CompactFiles.
* Fix corruption in non-iterator reads when mmap is used for file reads
* Fix bug with prefix search in partition filters where a shared prefix would be ignored from the later partitions. The bug could report an eixstent key as missing. The bug could be triggered if prefix_extractor is set and partition filters is enabled.
* Change default value of `bytes_max_delete_chunk` to 0 in NewSstFileManager() as it doesn't work well with checkpoints.
* Fix a bug caused by not copying the block trailer with compressed SST file, direct IO, prefetcher and no compressed block cache.
* Fix write can stuck indefinitely if enable_pipelined_write=true. The issue exists since pipelined write was introduced in 5.5.0.

## 5.14.0 (2018-05-16)
### Public API Change
* Add a BlockBasedTableOption to align uncompressed data blocks on the smaller of block size or page size boundary, to reduce flash reads by avoiding reads spanning 4K pages.
* The background thread naming convention changed (on supporting platforms) to "rocksdb:<thread pool priority><thread number>", e.g., "rocksdb:low0".
* Add a new ticker stat rocksdb.number.multiget.keys.found to count number of keys successfully read in MultiGet calls
* Touch-up to write-related counters in PerfContext. New counters added: write_scheduling_flushes_compactions_time, write_thread_wait_nanos. Counters whose behavior was fixed or modified: write_memtable_time, write_pre_and_post_process_time, write_delay_time.
* Posix Env's NewRandomRWFile() will fail if the file doesn't exist.
* Now, `DBOptions::use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction` only applies to background writes, and `DBOptions::use_direct_reads` applies to both user reads and background reads. This conforms with Linux's `open(2)` manpage, which advises against simultaneously reading a file in buffered and direct modes, due to possibly undefined behavior and degraded performance.
* Iterator::Valid() always returns false if !status().ok(). So, now when doing a Seek() followed by some Next()s, there's no need to check status() after every operation.
* Iterator::Seek()/SeekForPrev()/SeekToFirst()/SeekToLast() always resets status().
* Introduced `CompressionOptions::kDefaultCompressionLevel`, which is a generic way to tell RocksDB to use the compression library's default level. It is now the default value for `CompressionOptions::level`. Previously the level defaulted to -1, which gave poor compression ratios in ZSTD.

### New Features
* Introduce TTL for level compaction so that all files older than ttl go through the compaction process to get rid of old data.
* TransactionDBOptions::write_policy can be configured to enable WritePrepared 2PC transactions. Read more about them in the wiki.
* Add DB properties "rocksdb.block-cache-capacity", "rocksdb.block-cache-usage", "rocksdb.block-cache-pinned-usage" to show block cache usage.
* Add `Env::LowerThreadPoolCPUPriority(Priority)` method, which lowers the CPU priority of background (esp. compaction) threads to minimize interference with foreground tasks.
* Fsync parent directory after deleting a file in delete scheduler.
* In level-based compaction, if bottom-pri thread pool was setup via `Env::SetBackgroundThreads()`, compactions to the bottom level will be delegated to that thread pool.
* `prefix_extractor` has been moved from ImmutableCFOptions to MutableCFOptions, meaning it can be dynamically changed without a DB restart.

### Bug Fixes
* Fsync after writing global seq number to the ingestion file in ExternalSstFileIngestionJob.
* Fix WAL corruption caused by race condition between user write thread and FlushWAL when two_write_queue is not set.
* Fix `BackupableDBOptions::max_valid_backups_to_open` to not delete backup files when refcount cannot be accurately determined.
* Fix memory leak when pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache is used with partitioned filters
* Disable rollback of merge operands in WritePrepared transactions to work around an issue in MyRocks. It can be enabled back by setting TransactionDBOptions::rollback_merge_operands to true.
* Fix wrong results by ReverseBytewiseComparator::FindShortSuccessor()

### Java API Changes
* Add `BlockBasedTableConfig.setBlockCache` to allow sharing a block cache across DB instances.
* Added SstFileManager to the Java API to allow managing SST files across DB instances.

## 5.13.0 (2018-03-20)
### Public API Change
* RocksDBOptionsParser::Parse()'s `ignore_unknown_options` argument will only be effective if the option file shows it is generated using a higher version of RocksDB than the current version.
* Remove CompactionEventListener.

### New Features
* SstFileManager now can cancel compactions if they will result in max space errors. SstFileManager users can also use SetCompactionBufferSize to specify how much space must be leftover during a compaction for auxiliary file functions such as logging and flushing.
* Avoid unnecessarily flushing in `CompactRange()` when the range specified by the user does not overlap unflushed memtables.
* If `ColumnFamilyOptions::max_subcompactions` is set greater than one, we now parallelize large manual level-based compactions.
* Add "rocksdb.live-sst-files-size" DB property to return total bytes of all SST files belong to the latest LSM tree.
* NewSstFileManager to add an argument bytes_max_delete_chunk with default 64MB. With this argument, a file larger than 64MB will be ftruncated multiple times based on this size.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a leak in prepared_section_completed_ where the zeroed entries would not removed from the map.
* Fix WAL corruption caused by race condition between user write thread and backup/checkpoint thread.

## 5.12.0 (2018-02-14)
### Public API Change
* Iterator::SeekForPrev is now a pure virtual method. This is to prevent user who implement the Iterator interface fail to implement SeekForPrev by mistake.
* Add `include_end` option to make the range end exclusive when `include_end == false` in `DeleteFilesInRange()`.
* Add `CompactRangeOptions::allow_write_stall`, which makes `CompactRange` start working immediately, even if it causes user writes to stall. The default value is false, meaning we add delay to `CompactRange` calls until stalling can be avoided when possible. Note this delay is not present in previous RocksDB versions.
* Creating checkpoint with empty directory now returns `Status::InvalidArgument`; previously, it returned `Status::IOError`.
* Adds a BlockBasedTableOption to turn off index block compression.
* Close() method now returns a status when closing a db.

### New Features
* Improve the performance of iterators doing long range scans by using readahead.
* Add new function `DeleteFilesInRanges()` to delete files in multiple ranges at once for better performance.
* FreeBSD build support for RocksDB and RocksJava.
* Improved performance of long range scans with readahead.
* Updated to and now continuously tested in Visual Studio 2017.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix `DisableFileDeletions()` followed by `GetSortedWalFiles()` to not return obsolete WAL files that `PurgeObsoleteFiles()` is going to delete.
* Fix Handle error return from WriteBuffer() during WAL file close and DB close.
* Fix advance reservation of arena block addresses.
* Fix handling of empty string as checkpoint directory.

## 5.11.0 (2018-01-08)
### Public API Change
* Add `autoTune` and `getBytesPerSecond()` to RocksJava RateLimiter

### New Features
* Add a new histogram stat called rocksdb.db.flush.micros for memtable flush.
* Add "--use_txn" option to use transactional API in db_stress.
* Disable onboard cache for compaction output in Windows platform.
* Improve the performance of iterators doing long range scans by using readahead.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a stack-use-after-scope bug in ForwardIterator.
* Fix builds on platforms including Linux, Windows, and PowerPC.
* Fix buffer overrun in backup engine for DBs with huge number of files.
* Fix a mislabel bug for bottom-pri compaction threads.
* Fix DB::Flush() keep waiting after flush finish under certain condition.

## 5.10.0 (2017-12-11)
### Public API Change
* When running `make` with environment variable `USE_SSE` set and `PORTABLE` unset, will use all machine features available locally. Previously this combination only compiled SSE-related features.

### New Features
* Provide lifetime hints when writing files on Linux. This reduces hardware write-amp on storage devices supporting multiple streams.
* Add a DB stat, `NUMBER_ITER_SKIP`, which returns how many internal keys were skipped during iterations (e.g., due to being tombstones or duplicate versions of a key).
* Add PerfContext counters, `key_lock_wait_count` and `key_lock_wait_time`, which measure the number of times transactions wait on key locks and total amount of time waiting.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix IOError on WAL write doesn't propagate to write group follower
* Make iterator invalid on merge error.
* Fix performance issue in `IngestExternalFile()` affecting databases with large number of SST files.
* Fix possible corruption to LSM structure when `DeleteFilesInRange()` deletes a subset of files spanned by a `DeleteRange()` marker.

## 5.9.0 (2017-11-01)
### Public API Change
* `BackupableDBOptions::max_valid_backups_to_open == 0` now means no backups will be opened during BackupEngine initialization. Previously this condition disabled limiting backups opened.
* `DBOptions::preserve_deletes` is a new option that allows one to specify that DB should not drop tombstones for regular deletes if they have sequence number larger than what was set by the new API call `DB::SetPreserveDeletesSequenceNumber(SequenceNumber seqnum)`. Disabled by default.
* API call `DB::SetPreserveDeletesSequenceNumber(SequenceNumber seqnum)` was added, users who wish to preserve deletes are expected to periodically call this function to advance the cutoff seqnum (all deletes made before this seqnum can be dropped by DB). It's user responsibility to figure out how to advance the seqnum in the way so the tombstones are kept for the desired period of time, yet are eventually processed in time and don't eat up too much space.
* `ReadOptions::iter_start_seqnum` was added;
if set to something > 0 user will see 2 changes in iterators behavior 1) only keys written with sequence larger than this parameter would be returned and 2) the `Slice` returned by iter->key() now points to the memory that keep User-oriented representation of the internal key, rather than user key. New struct `FullKey` was added to represent internal keys, along with a new helper function `ParseFullKey(const Slice& internal_key, FullKey* result);`.
* Deprecate trash_dir param in NewSstFileManager, right now we will rename deleted files to <name>.trash instead of moving them to trash directory
* Allow setting a custom trash/DB size ratio limit in the SstFileManager, after which files that are to be scheduled for deletion are deleted immediately, regardless of any delete ratelimit.
* Return an error on write if write_options.sync = true and write_options.disableWAL = true to warn user of inconsistent options. Previously we will not write to WAL and not respecting the sync options in this case.

### New Features
* CRC32C is now using the 3-way pipelined SSE algorithm `crc32c_3way` on supported platforms to improve performance. The system will choose to use this algorithm on supported platforms automatically whenever possible. If PCLMULQDQ is not supported it will fall back to the old Fast_CRC32 algorithm.
* `DBOptions::writable_file_max_buffer_size` can now be changed dynamically.
* `DBOptions::bytes_per_sync`, `DBOptions::compaction_readahead_size`, and `DBOptions::wal_bytes_per_sync` can now be changed dynamically, `DBOptions::wal_bytes_per_sync` will flush all memtables and switch to a new WAL file.
* Support dynamic adjustment of rate limit according to demand for background I/O. It can be enabled by passing `true` to the `auto_tuned` parameter in `NewGenericRateLimiter()`. The value passed as `rate_bytes_per_sec` will still be respected as an upper-bound.
* Support dynamically changing `ColumnFamilyOptions::compaction_options_fifo`.
* Introduce `EventListener::OnStallConditionsChanged()` callback. Users can implement it to be notified when user writes are stalled, stopped, or resumed.
* Add a new db property "rocksdb.estimate-oldest-key-time" to return oldest data timestamp. The property is available only for FIFO compaction with compaction_options_fifo.allow_compaction = false.
* Upon snapshot release, recompact bottommost files containing deleted/overwritten keys that previously could not be dropped due to the snapshot. This alleviates space-amp caused by long-held snapshots.
* Support lower bound on iterators specified via `ReadOptions::iterate_lower_bound`.
* Support for differential snapshots (via iterator emitting the sequence of key-values representing the difference between DB state at two different sequence numbers). Supports preserving and emitting puts and regular deletes, doesn't support SingleDeletes, MergeOperator, Blobs and Range Deletes.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix a potential data inconsistency issue during point-in-time recovery. `DB:Open()` will abort if column family inconsistency is found during PIT recovery.
* Fix possible metadata corruption in databases using `DeleteRange()`.

## 5.8.0 (2017-08-30)
### Public API Change
* Users of `Statistics::getHistogramString()` will see fewer histogram buckets and different bucket endpoints.
* `Slice::compare` and BytewiseComparator `Compare` no longer accept `Slice`s containing nullptr.
* `Transaction::Get` and `Transaction::GetForUpdate` variants with `PinnableSlice` added.

### New Features
* Add Iterator::Refresh(), which allows users to update the iterator state so that they can avoid some initialization costs of recreating iterators.
* Replace dynamic_cast<> (except unit test) so people can choose to build with RTTI off. With make, release mode is by default built with -fno-rtti and debug mode is built without it. Users can override it by setting USE_RTTI=0 or 1.
* Universal compactions including the bottom level can be executed in a dedicated thread pool. This alleviates head-of-line blocking in the compaction queue, which cause write stalling, particularly in multi-instance use cases. Users can enable this feature via `Env::SetBackgroundThreads(N, Env::Priority::BOTTOM)`, where `N > 0`.
* Allow merge operator to be called even with a single merge operand during compactions, by appropriately overriding `MergeOperator::AllowSingleOperand`.
* Add `DB::VerifyChecksum()`, which verifies the checksums in all SST files in a running DB.
* Block-based table support for disabling checksums by setting `BlockBasedTableOptions::checksum = kNoChecksum`.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix wrong latencies in `rocksdb.db.get.micros`, `rocksdb.db.write.micros`, and `rocksdb.sst.read.micros`.
* Fix incorrect dropping of deletions during intra-L0 compaction.
* Fix transient reappearance of keys covered by range deletions when memtable prefix bloom filter is enabled.
* Fix potentially wrong file smallest key when range deletions separated by snapshot are written together.

## 5.7.0 (2017-07-13)
### Public API Change
* DB property "rocksdb.sstables" now prints keys in hex form.

### New Features
* Measure estimated number of reads per file. The information can be accessed through DB::GetColumnFamilyMetaData or "rocksdb.sstables" DB property.
* RateLimiter support for throttling background reads, or throttling the sum of background reads and writes. This can give more predictable I/O usage when compaction reads more data than it writes, e.g., due to lots of deletions.
* [Experimental] FIFO compaction with TTL support. It can be enabled by setting CompactionOptionsFIFO.ttl > 0.
* Introduce `EventListener::OnBackgroundError()` callback. Users can implement it to be notified of errors causing the DB to enter read-only mode, and optionally override them.
* Partitioned Index/Filters exiting the experimental mode. To enable partitioned indexes set index_type to kTwoLevelIndexSearch and to further enable partitioned filters set partition_filters to true. To configure the partition size set metadata_block_size.


### Bug Fixes
* Fix discarding empty compaction output files when `DeleteRange()` is used together with subcompactions.

## 5.6.0 (2017-06-06)
### Public API Change
* Scheduling flushes and compactions in the same thread pool is no longer supported by setting `max_background_flushes=0`. Instead, users can achieve this by configuring their high-pri thread pool to have zero threads.
* Replace `Options::max_background_flushes`, `Options::max_background_compactions`, and `Options::base_background_compactions` all with `Options::max_background_jobs`, which automatically decides how many threads to allocate towards flush/compaction.
* options.delayed_write_rate by default take the value of options.rate_limiter rate.
* Replace global variable `IOStatsContext iostats_context` with `IOStatsContext* get_iostats_context()`; replace global variable `PerfContext perf_context` with `PerfContext* get_perf_context()`.

### New Features
* Change ticker/histogram statistics implementations to use core-local storage. This improves aggregation speed compared to our previous thread-local approach, particularly for applications with many threads.
* Users can pass a cache object to write buffer manager, so that they can cap memory usage for memtable and block cache using one single limit.
* Flush will be triggered when 7/8 of the limit introduced by write_buffer_manager or db_write_buffer_size is triggered, so that the hard threshold is hard to hit.
* Introduce WriteOptions.low_pri. If it is true, low priority writes will be throttled if the compaction is behind.
* `DB::IngestExternalFile()` now supports ingesting files into a database containing range deletions.

### Bug Fixes
* Shouldn't ignore return value of fsync() in flush.

## 5.5.0 (2017-05-17)
### New Features
* FIFO compaction to support Intra L0 compaction too with CompactionOptionsFIFO.allow_compaction=true.
* DB::ResetStats() to reset internal stats.
* Statistics::Reset() to reset user stats.
* ldb add option --try_load_options, which will open DB with its own option file.
* Introduce WriteBatch::PopSavePoint to pop the most recent save point explicitly.
* Support dynamically change `max_open_files` option via SetDBOptions()
* Added DB::CreateColumnFamilie() and DB::DropColumnFamilies() to bulk create/drop column families.
* Add debugging function `GetAllKeyVersions` to see internal versions of a range of keys.
* Support file ingestion with universal compaction style
* Support file ingestion behind with option `allow_ingest_behind`
* New option enable_pipelined_write which may improve write throughput in case writing from multiple threads and WAL enabled.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix the bug that Direct I/O uses direct reads for non-SST file

## 5.4.0 (2017-04-11)
### Public API Change
* random_access_max_buffer_size no longer has any effect
* Removed Env::EnableReadAhead(), Env::ShouldForwardRawRequest()
* Support dynamically change `stats_dump_period_sec` option via SetDBOptions().
* Added ReadOptions::max_skippable_internal_keys to set a threshold to fail a request as incomplete when too many keys are being skipped when using iterators.
* DB::Get in place of std::string accepts PinnableSlice, which avoids the extra memcpy of value to std::string in most of cases.
    * PinnableSlice releases the pinned resources that contain the value when it is destructed or when ::Reset() is called on it.
    * The old API that accepts std::string, although discouraged, is still supported.
* Replace Options::use_direct_writes with Options::use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction. Read Direct IO wiki for details.
* Added CompactionEventListener and EventListener::OnFlushBegin interfaces.

### New Features
* Memtable flush can be avoided during checkpoint creation if total log file size is smaller than a threshold specified by the user.
* Introduce level-based L0->L0 compactions to reduce file count, so write delays are incurred less often.
* (Experimental) Partitioning filters which creates an index on the partitions. The feature can be enabled by setting partition_filters when using kFullFilter. Currently the feature also requires two-level indexing to be enabled. Number of partitions is the same as the number of partitions for indexes, which is controlled by metadata_block_size.

## 5.3.0 (2017-03-08)
### Public API Change
* Remove disableDataSync option.
* Remove timeout_hint_us option from WriteOptions. The option has been deprecated and has no effect since 3.13.0.
* Remove option min_partial_merge_operands. Partial merge operands will always be merged in flush or compaction if there are more than one.
* Remove option verify_checksums_in_compaction. Compaction will always verify checksum.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix the bug that iterator may skip keys

## 5.2.0 (2017-02-08)
### Public API Change
* NewLRUCache() will determine number of shard bits automatically based on capacity, if the user doesn't pass one. This also impacts the default block cache when the user doesn't explicit provide one.
* Change the default of delayed slowdown value to 16MB/s and further increase the L0 stop condition to 36 files.
* Options::use_direct_writes and Options::use_direct_reads are now ready to use.
* (Experimental) Two-level indexing that partition the index and creates a 2nd level index on the partitions. The feature can be enabled by setting kTwoLevelIndexSearch as IndexType and configuring index_per_partition.

### New Features
* Added new overloaded function GetApproximateSizes that allows to specify if memtable stats should be computed only without computing SST files' stats approximations.
* Added new function GetApproximateMemTableStats that approximates both number of records and size of memtables.
* Add Direct I/O mode for SST file I/O

### Bug Fixes
* RangeSync() should work if ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT is not set
* Fix wrong results in a data race case in Get()
* Some fixes related to 2PC.
* Fix bugs of data corruption in direct I/O

## 5.1.0 (2017-01-13)
* Support dynamically change `delete_obsolete_files_period_micros` option via SetDBOptions().
* Added EventListener::OnExternalFileIngested which will be called when IngestExternalFile() add a file successfully.
* BackupEngine::Open and BackupEngineReadOnly::Open now always return error statuses matching those of the backup Env.

### Bug Fixes
* Fix the bug that if 2PC is enabled, checkpoints may loss some recent transactions.
* When file copying is needed when creating checkpoints or bulk loading files, fsync the file after the file copying.

## 5.0.0 (2016-11-17)
### Public API Change
* Options::max_bytes_for_level_multiplier is now a double along with all getters and setters.
* Support dynamically change `delayed_write_rate` and `max_total_wal_size` options via SetDBOptions().
* Introduce DB::DeleteRange for optimized deletion of large ranges of contiguous keys.
* Support dynamically change `delayed_write_rate` option via SetDBOptions().
* Options::allow_concurrent_memtable_write and Options::enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield are now true by default.
* Remove Tickers::SEQUENCE_NUMBER to avoid confusion if statistics object is shared among RocksDB instance. Alternatively DB::GetLatestSequenceNumber() can be used to get the same value.
* Options.level0_stop_writes_trigger default value changes from 24 to 32.
* New compaction filter API: CompactionFilter::FilterV2(). Allows to drop ranges of keys.
* Removed flashcache support.
* DB::AddFile() is deprecated and is replaced with DB::IngestExternalFile(). DB::IngestExternalFile() remove all the restrictions that existed for DB::AddFile.

### New Features
* Add avoid_flush_during_shutdown option, which speeds up DB shutdown by not flushing unpersisted data (i.e. with disableWAL = true). Unpersisted data will be lost. The options is dynamically changeable via SetDBOptions().
* Add memtable_insert_with_hint_prefix_extractor option. The option is mean to reduce CPU usage for inserting keys into memtable, if keys can be group by prefix and insert for each prefix are sequential or almost sequential. See include/rocksdb/options.h for more details.
* Add LuaCompactionFilter in utilities.  This allows developers to write compaction filters in Lua.  To use this feature, LUA_PATH needs to be set to the root directory of Lua.
* No longer populate "LATEST_BACKUP" file in backup directory, which formerly contained the number of the latest backup. The latest backup can be determined by finding the highest numbered file in the "meta/" subdirectory.

## 4.13.0 (2016-10-18)
### Public API Change
* DB::GetOptions() reflect dynamic changed options (i.e. through DB::SetOptions()) and return copy of options instead of reference.
* Added Statistics::getAndResetTickerCount().

### New Features
* Add DB::SetDBOptions() to dynamic change base_background_compactions and max_background_compactions.
* Added Iterator::SeekForPrev(). This new API will seek to the last key that less than or equal to the target key.

## 4.12.0 (2016-09-12)
### Public API Change
* CancelAllBackgroundWork() flushes all memtables for databases containing writes that have bypassed the WAL (writes issued with WriteOptions::disableWAL=true) before shutting down background threads.
* Merge options source_compaction_factor, max_grandparent_overlap_bytes and expanded_compaction_factor into max_compaction_bytes.
* Remove ImmutableCFOptions.
* Add a compression type ZSTD, which can work with ZSTD 0.8.0 or up. Still keep ZSTDNotFinal for compatibility reasons.

### New Features
* Introduce NewClockCache, which is based on CLOCK algorithm with better concurrent performance in some cases. It can be used to replace the default LRU-based block cache and table cache. To use it, RocksDB need to be linked with TBB lib.
* Change ticker/histogram statistics implementations to accumulate data in thread-local storage, which improves CPU performance by reducing cache coherency costs. Callers of CreateDBStatistics do not need to change anything to use this feature.
* Block cache mid-point insertion, where index and filter block are inserted into LRU block cache with higher priority. The feature can be enabled by setting BlockBasedTableOptions::cache_index_and_filter_blocks_with_high_priority to true and high_pri_pool_ratio > 0 when creating NewLRUCache.

## 4.11.0 (2016-08-01)
### Public API Change
* options.memtable_prefix_bloom_huge_page_tlb_size => memtable_huge_page_size. When it is set, RocksDB will try to allocate memory from huge page for memtable too, rather than just memtable bloom filter.

### New Features
* A tool to migrate DB after options change. See include/rocksdb/utilities/option_change_migration.h.
* Add ReadOptions.background_purge_on_iterator_cleanup. If true, we avoid file deletion when destroying iterators.

## 4.10.0 (2016-07-05)
### Public API Change
* options.memtable_prefix_bloom_bits changes to options.memtable_prefix_bloom_bits_ratio and deprecate options.memtable_prefix_bloom_probes
* enum type CompressionType and PerfLevel changes from char to unsigned char. Value of all PerfLevel shift by one.
* Deprecate options.filter_deletes.

### New Features
* Add avoid_flush_during_recovery option.
* Add a read option background_purge_on_iterator_cleanup to avoid deleting files in foreground when destroying iterators. Instead, a job is scheduled in high priority queue and would be executed in a separate background thread.
* RepairDB support for column families. RepairDB now associates data with non-default column families using information embedded in the SST/WAL files (4.7 or later). For data written by 4.6 or earlier, RepairDB associates it with the default column family.
* Add options.write_buffer_manager which allows users to control total memtable sizes across multiple DB instances.

## 4.9.0 (2016-06-09)
### Public API changes
* Add bottommost_compression option, This option can be used to set a specific compression algorithm for the bottommost level (Last level containing files in the DB).
* Introduce CompactionJobInfo::compression, This field state the compression algorithm used to generate the output files of the compaction.
* Deprecate BlockBaseTableOptions.hash_index_allow_collision=false
* Deprecate options builder (GetOptions()).

### New Features
* Introduce NewSimCache() in rocksdb/utilities/sim_cache.h. This function creates a block cache that is able to give simulation results (mainly hit rate) of simulating block behavior with a configurable cache size.

## 4.8.0 (2016-05-02)
### Public API Change
* Allow preset compression dictionary for improved compression of block-based tables. This is supported for zlib, zstd, and lz4. The compression dictionary's size is configurable via CompressionOptions::max_dict_bytes.
* Delete deprecated classes for creating backups (BackupableDB) and restoring from backups (RestoreBackupableDB). Now, BackupEngine should be used for creating backups, and BackupEngineReadOnly should be used for restorations. For more details, see https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/wiki/How-to-backup-RocksDB%3F
* Expose estimate of per-level compression ratio via DB property: "rocksdb.compression-ratio-at-levelN".
* Added EventListener::OnTableFileCreationStarted. EventListener::OnTableFileCreated will be called on failure case. User can check creation status via TableFileCreationInfo::status.

### New Features
* Add ReadOptions::readahead_size. If non-zero, NewIterator will create a new table reader which performs reads of the given size.

## 4.7.0 (2016-04-08)
### Public API Change
* rename options compaction_measure_io_stats to report_bg_io_stats and include flush too.
* Change some default options. Now default options will optimize for server-workloads. Also enable slowdown and full stop triggers for pending compaction bytes. These changes may cause sub-optimal performance or significant increase of resource usage. To avoid these risks, users can open existing RocksDB with options extracted from RocksDB option files. See https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/wiki/RocksDB-Options-File for how to use RocksDB option files. Or you can call Options.OldDefaults() to recover old defaults. DEFAULT_OPTIONS_HISTORY.md will track change history of default options.

## 4.6.0 (2016-03-10)
### Public API Changes
* Change default of BlockBasedTableOptions.format_version to 2. It means default DB created by 4.6 or up cannot be opened by RocksDB version 3.9 or earlier.
* Added strict_capacity_limit option to NewLRUCache. If the flag is set to true, insert to cache will fail if no enough capacity can be free. Signature of Cache::Insert() is updated accordingly.
* Tickers [NUMBER_DB_NEXT, NUMBER_DB_PREV, NUMBER_DB_NEXT_FOUND, NUMBER_DB_PREV_FOUND, ITER_BYTES_READ] are not updated immediately. The are updated when the Iterator is deleted.
* Add monotonically increasing counter (DB property "rocksdb.current-super-version-number") that increments upon any change to the LSM tree.

### New Features
* Add CompactionPri::kMinOverlappingRatio, a compaction picking mode friendly to write amplification.
* Deprecate Iterator::IsKeyPinned() and replace it with Iterator::GetProperty() with prop_name="rocksdb.iterator.is.key.pinned"

## 4.5.0 (2016-02-05)
### Public API Changes
* Add a new perf context level between kEnableCount and kEnableTime. Level 2 now does not include timers for mutexes.
* Statistics of mutex operation durations will not be measured by default. If you want to have them enabled, you need to set Statistics::stats_level_ to kAll.
* DBOptions::delete_scheduler and NewDeleteScheduler() are removed, please use DBOptions::sst_file_manager and NewSstFileManager() instead

### New Features
* ldb tool now supports operations to non-default column families.
* Add kPersistedTier to ReadTier.  This option allows Get and MultiGet to read only the persited data and skip mem-tables if writes were done with disableWAL = true.
* Add DBOptions::sst_file_manager. Use NewSstFileManager() in include/rocksdb/sst_file_manager.h to create a SstFileManager that can be used to track the total size of SST files and control the SST files deletion rate.

## 4.4.0 (2016-01-14)
### Public API Changes
* Change names in CompactionPri and add a new one.
* Deprecate options.soft_rate_limit and add options.soft_pending_compaction_bytes_limit.
* If options.max_write_buffer_number > 3, writes will be slowed down when writing to the last write buffer to delay a full stop.
* Introduce CompactionJobInfo::compaction_reason, this field include the reason to trigger the compaction.
* After slow down is triggered, if estimated pending compaction bytes keep increasing, slowdown more.
* Increase default options.delayed_write_rate to 2MB/s.
* Added a new parameter --path to ldb tool. --path accepts the name of either MANIFEST, SST or a WAL file. Either --db or --path can be used when calling ldb.

## 4.3.0 (2015-12-08)
### New Features
* CompactionFilter has new member function called IgnoreSnapshots which allows CompactionFilter to be called even if there are snapshots later than the key.
* RocksDB will now persist options under the same directory as the RocksDB database on successful DB::Open, CreateColumnFamily, DropColumnFamily, and SetOptions.
* Introduce LoadLatestOptions() in rocksdb/utilities/options_util.h.  This function can construct the latest DBOptions / ColumnFamilyOptions used by the specified RocksDB intance.
* Introduce CheckOptionsCompatibility() in rocksdb/utilities/options_util.h.  This function checks whether the input set of options is able to open the specified DB successfully.

### Public API Changes
* When options.db_write_buffer_size triggers, only the column family with the largest column family size will be flushed, not all the column families.

## 4.2.0 (2015-11-09)
### New Features
* Introduce CreateLoggerFromOptions(), this function create a Logger for provided DBOptions.
* Add GetAggregatedIntProperty(), which returns the sum of the GetIntProperty of all the column families.
* Add MemoryUtil in rocksdb/utilities/memory.h.  It currently offers a way to get the memory usage by type from a list rocksdb instances.

### Public API Changes
* CompactionFilter::Context includes information of Column Family ID
* The need-compaction hint given by TablePropertiesCollector::NeedCompact() will be persistent and recoverable after DB recovery. This introduces a breaking format change. If you use this experimental feature, including NewCompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory() in the new version, you may not be able to directly downgrade the DB back to version 4.0 or lower.
* TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::CreateTablePropertiesCollector() now takes an option Context, containing the information of column family ID for the file being written.
* Remove DefaultCompactionFilterFactory.


## 4.1.0 (2015-10-08)
### New Features
* Added single delete operation as a more efficient way to delete keys that have not been overwritten.
* Added experimental AddFile() to DB interface that allow users to add files created by SstFileWriter into an empty Database, see include/rocksdb/sst_file_writer.h and DB::AddFile() for more info.
* Added support for opening SST files with .ldb suffix which enables opening LevelDB databases.
* CompactionFilter now supports filtering of merge operands and merge results.

### Public API Changes
* Added SingleDelete() to the DB interface.
* Added AddFile() to DB interface.
* Added SstFileWriter class.
* CompactionFilter has a new method FilterMergeOperand() that RocksDB applies to every merge operand during compaction to decide whether to filter the operand.
* We removed CompactionFilterV2 interfaces from include/rocksdb/compaction_filter.h. The functionality was deprecated already in version 3.13.

## 4.0.0 (2015-09-09)
### New Features
* Added support for transactions.  See include/rocksdb/utilities/transaction.h for more info.
* DB::GetProperty() now accepts "rocksdb.aggregated-table-properties" and "rocksdb.aggregated-table-properties-at-levelN", in which case it returns aggregated table properties of the target column family, or the aggregated table properties of the specified level N if the "at-level" version is used.
* Add compression option kZSTDNotFinalCompression for people to experiment ZSTD although its format is not finalized.
* We removed the need for LATEST_BACKUP file in BackupEngine. We still keep writing it when we create new backups (because of backward compatibility), but we don't read it anymore.

### Public API Changes
* Removed class Env::RandomRWFile and Env::NewRandomRWFile().
* Renamed DBOptions.num_subcompactions to DBOptions.max_subcompactions to make the name better match the actual functionality of the option.
* Added Equal() method to the Comparator interface that can optionally be overwritten in cases where equality comparisons can be done more efficiently than three-way comparisons.
* Previous 'experimental' OptimisticTransaction class has been replaced by Transaction class.

## 3.13.0 (2015-08-06)
### New Features
* RollbackToSavePoint() in WriteBatch/WriteBatchWithIndex
* Add NewCompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory() in utilities/table_properties_collectors, which allows rocksdb to mark a SST file as need-compaction when it observes at least D deletion entries in any N consecutive entries in that SST file.  Note that this feature depends on an experimental NeedCompact() API --- the result of this API will not persist after DB restart.
* Add DBOptions::delete_scheduler. Use NewDeleteScheduler() in include/rocksdb/delete_scheduler.h to create a DeleteScheduler that can be shared among multiple RocksDB instances to control the file deletion rate of SST files that exist in the first db_path.

### Public API Changes
* Deprecated WriteOptions::timeout_hint_us. We no longer support write timeout. If you really need this option, talk to us and we might consider returning it.
* Deprecated purge_redundant_kvs_while_flush option.
* Removed BackupEngine::NewBackupEngine() and NewReadOnlyBackupEngine() that were deprecated in RocksDB 3.8. Please use BackupEngine::Open() instead.
* Deprecated Compaction Filter V2. We are not aware of any existing use-cases. If you use this filter, your compile will break with RocksDB 3.13. Please let us know if you use it and we'll put it back in RocksDB 3.14.
* Env::FileExists now returns a Status instead of a boolean
* Add statistics::getHistogramString() to print detailed distribution of a histogram metric.
* Add DBOptions::skip_stats_update_on_db_open.  When it is on, DB::Open() will run faster as it skips the random reads required for loading necessary stats from SST files to optimize compaction.

## 3.12.0 (2015-07-02)
### New Features
* Added experimental support for optimistic transactions.  See include/rocksdb/utilities/optimistic_transaction.h for more info.
* Added a new way to report QPS from db_bench (check out --report_file and --report_interval_seconds)
* Added a cache for individual rows. See DBOptions::row_cache for more info.
* Several new features on EventListener (see include/rocksdb/listener.h):
 - OnCompactionCompleted() now returns per-compaction job statistics, defined in include/rocksdb/compaction_job_stats.h.
 - Added OnTableFileCreated() and OnTableFileDeleted().
* Add compaction_options_universal.enable_trivial_move to true, to allow trivial move while performing universal compaction. Trivial move will happen only when all the input files are non overlapping.

### Public API changes
* EventListener::OnFlushCompleted() now passes FlushJobInfo instead of a list of parameters.
* DB::GetDbIdentity() is now a const function.  If this function is overridden in your application, be sure to also make GetDbIdentity() const to avoid compile error.
* Move listeners from ColumnFamilyOptions to DBOptions.
* Add max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain option
* DB::CompactRange()'s parameter reduce_level is changed to change_level, to allow users to move levels to lower levels if allowed. It can be used to migrate a DB from options.level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes=false to options.level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes.true.
* Change default value for options.compaction_filter_factory and options.compaction_filter_factory_v2 to nullptr instead of DefaultCompactionFilterFactory and DefaultCompactionFilterFactoryV2.
* If CancelAllBackgroundWork is called without doing a flush after doing loads with WAL disabled, the changes which haven't been flushed before the call to CancelAllBackgroundWork will be lost.
* WBWIIterator::Entry() now returns WriteEntry instead of `const WriteEntry&`
* options.hard_rate_limit is deprecated.
* When options.soft_rate_limit or options.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger is triggered, the way to slow down writes is changed to: write rate to DB is limited to to options.delayed_write_rate.
* DB::GetApproximateSizes() adds a parameter to allow the estimation to include data in mem table, with default to be not to include. It is now only supported in skip list mem table.
* DB::CompactRange() now accept CompactRangeOptions instead of multiple parameters. CompactRangeOptions is defined in include/rocksdb/options.h.
* CompactRange() will now skip bottommost level compaction for level based compaction if there is no compaction filter, bottommost_level_compaction is introduced in CompactRangeOptions to control when it's possible to skip bottommost level compaction. This mean that if you want the compaction to produce a single file you need to set bottommost_level_compaction to BottommostLevelCompaction::kForce.
* Add Cache.GetPinnedUsage() to get the size of memory occupied by entries that are in use by the system.
* DB:Open() will fail if the compression specified in Options is not linked with the binary. If you see this failure, recompile RocksDB with compression libraries present on your system. Also, previously our default compression was snappy. This behavior is now changed. Now, the default compression is snappy only if it's available on the system. If it isn't we change the default to kNoCompression.
* We changed how we account for memory used in block cache. Previously, we only counted the sum of block sizes currently present in block cache. Now, we count the actual memory usage of the blocks. For example, a block of size 4.5KB will use 8KB memory with jemalloc. This might decrease your memory usage and possibly decrease performance. Increase block cache size if you see this happening after an upgrade.
* Add BackupEngineImpl.options_.max_background_operations to specify the maximum number of operations that may be performed in parallel. Add support for parallelized backup and restore.
* Add DB::SyncWAL() that does a WAL sync without blocking writers.

## 3.11.0 (2015-05-19)
### New Features
* Added a new API Cache::SetCapacity(size_t capacity) to dynamically change the maximum configured capacity of the cache. If the new capacity is less than the existing cache usage, the implementation will try to lower the usage by evicting the necessary number of elements following a strict LRU policy.
* Added an experimental API for handling flashcache devices (blacklists background threads from caching their reads) -- NewFlashcacheAwareEnv
* If universal compaction is used and options.num_levels > 1, compact files are tried to be stored in none-L0 with smaller files based on options.target_file_size_base. The limitation of DB size when using universal compaction is greatly mitigated by using more levels. You can set num_levels = 1 to make universal compaction behave as before. If you set num_levels > 1 and want to roll back to a previous version, you need to compact all files to a big file in level 0 (by setting target_file_size_base to be large and CompactRange(<cf_handle>, nullptr, nullptr, true, 0) and reopen the DB with the same version to rewrite the manifest, and then you can open it using previous releases.
* More information about rocksdb background threads are available in Env::GetThreadList(), including the number of bytes read / written by a compaction job, mem-table size and current number of bytes written by a flush job and many more.  Check include/rocksdb/thread_status.h for more detail.

### Public API changes
* TablePropertiesCollector::AddUserKey() is added to replace TablePropertiesCollector::Add(). AddUserKey() exposes key type, sequence number and file size up to now to users.
* DBOptions::bytes_per_sync used to apply to both WAL and table files. As of 3.11 it applies only to table files. If you want to use this option to sync WAL in the background, please use wal_bytes_per_sync

## 3.10.0 (2015-03-24)
### New Features
* GetThreadStatus() is now able to report detailed thread status, including:
 - Thread Operation including flush and compaction.
 - The stage of the current thread operation.
 - The elapsed time in micros since the current thread operation started.
 More information can be found in include/rocksdb/thread_status.h.  In addition, when running db_bench with --thread_status_per_interval, db_bench will also report thread status periodically.
* Changed the LRU caching algorithm so that referenced blocks (by iterators) are never evicted. This change made parameter removeScanCountLimit obsolete. Because of that NewLRUCache doesn't take three arguments anymore. table_cache_remove_scan_limit option is also removed
* By default we now optimize the compilation for the compilation platform (using -march=native). If you want to build portable binary, use 'PORTABLE=1' before the make command.
* We now allow level-compaction to place files in different paths by
  specifying them in db_paths along with the target_size.
  Lower numbered levels will be placed earlier in the db_paths and higher
  numbered levels will be placed later in the db_paths vector.
* Potentially big performance improvements if you're using RocksDB with lots of column families (100-1000)
* Added BlockBasedTableOptions.format_version option, which allows user to specify which version of block based table he wants. As a general guideline, newer versions have more features, but might not be readable by older versions of RocksDB.
* Added new block based table format (version 2), which you can enable by setting BlockBasedTableOptions.format_version = 2. This format changes how we encode size information in compressed blocks and should help with memory allocations if you're using Zlib or BZip2 compressions.
* MemEnv (env that stores data in memory) is now available in default library build. You can create it by calling NewMemEnv().
* Add SliceTransform.SameResultWhenAppended() to help users determine it is safe to apply prefix bloom/hash.
* Block based table now makes use of prefix bloom filter if it is a full fulter.
* Block based table remembers whether a whole key or prefix based bloom filter is supported in SST files. Do a sanity check when reading the file with users' configuration.
* Fixed a bug in ReadOnlyBackupEngine that deleted corrupted backups in some cases, even though the engine was ReadOnly
* options.level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes, a feature to allow RocksDB to pick dynamic base of bytes for levels. With this feature turned on, we will automatically adjust max bytes for each level. The goal of this feature is to have lower bound on size amplification. For more details, see comments in options.h.
* Added an abstract base class WriteBatchBase for write batches
* Fixed a bug where we start deleting files of a dropped column families even if there are still live references to it

### Public API changes
* Deprecated skip_log_error_on_recovery and table_cache_remove_scan_count_limit options.
* Logger method logv with log level parameter is now virtual

### RocksJava
* Added compression per level API.
* MemEnv is now available in RocksJava via RocksMemEnv class.
* lz4 compression is now included in rocksjava static library when running `make rocksdbjavastatic`.
* Overflowing a size_t when setting rocksdb options now throws an IllegalArgumentException, which removes the necessity for a developer to catch these Exceptions explicitly.

## 3.9.0 (2014-12-08)

### New Features
* Add rocksdb::GetThreadList(), which in the future will return the current status of all
  rocksdb-related threads.  We will have more code instruments in the following RocksDB
  releases.
* Change convert function in rocksdb/utilities/convenience.h to return Status instead of boolean.
  Also add support for nested options in convert function

### Public API changes
* New API to create a checkpoint added. Given a directory name, creates a new
  database which is an image of the existing database.
* New API LinkFile added to Env. If you implement your own Env class, an
  implementation of the API LinkFile will have to be provided.
* MemTableRep takes MemTableAllocator instead of Arena

### Improvements
* RocksDBLite library now becomes smaller and will be compiled with -fno-exceptions flag.

## 3.8.0 (2014-11-14)

### Public API changes
* BackupEngine::NewBackupEngine() was deprecated; please use BackupEngine::Open() from now on.
* BackupableDB/RestoreBackupableDB have new GarbageCollect() methods, which will clean up files from corrupt and obsolete backups.
* BackupableDB/RestoreBackupableDB have new GetCorruptedBackups() methods which list corrupt backups.

### Cleanup
* Bunch of code cleanup, some extra warnings turned on (-Wshadow, -Wshorten-64-to-32, -Wnon-virtual-dtor)

### New features
* CompactFiles and EventListener, although they are still in experimental state
* Full ColumnFamily support in RocksJava.

## 3.7.0 (2014-11-06)
### Public API changes
* Introduce SetOptions() API to allow adjusting a subset of options dynamically online
* Introduce 4 new convenient functions for converting Options from string: GetColumnFamilyOptionsFromMap(), GetColumnFamilyOptionsFromString(), GetDBOptionsFromMap(), GetDBOptionsFromString()
* Remove WriteBatchWithIndex.Delete() overloads using SliceParts
* When opening a DB, if options.max_background_compactions is larger than the existing low pri pool of options.env, it will enlarge it. Similarly, options.max_background_flushes is larger than the existing high pri pool of options.env, it will enlarge it.

## 3.6.0 (2014-10-07)
### Disk format changes
* If you're using RocksDB on ARM platforms and you're using default bloom filter, there is a disk format change you need to be aware of. There are three steps you need to do when you convert to new release: 1. turn off filter policy, 2. compact the whole database, 3. turn on filter policy

### Behavior changes
* We have refactored our system of stalling writes.  Any stall-related statistics' meanings are changed. Instead of per-write stall counts, we now count stalls per-epoch, where epochs are periods between flushes and compactions. You'll find more information in our Tuning Perf Guide once we release RocksDB 3.6.
* When disableDataSync=true, we no longer sync the MANIFEST file.
* Add identity_as_first_hash property to CuckooTable. SST file needs to be rebuilt to be opened by reader properly.

### Public API changes
* Change target_file_size_base type to uint64_t from int.
* Remove allow_thread_local. This feature was proved to be stable, so we are turning it always-on.

## 3.5.0 (2014-09-03)
### New Features
* Add include/utilities/write_batch_with_index.h, providing a utility class to query data out of WriteBatch when building it.
* Move BlockBasedTable related options to BlockBasedTableOptions from Options. Change corresponding JNI interface. Options affected include:
  no_block_cache, block_cache, block_cache_compressed, block_size, block_size_deviation, block_restart_interval, filter_policy, whole_key_filtering. filter_policy is changed to shared_ptr from a raw pointer.
* Remove deprecated options: disable_seek_compaction and db_stats_log_interval
* OptimizeForPointLookup() takes one parameter for block cache size. It now builds hash index, bloom filter, and block cache.

### Public API changes
* The Prefix Extractor used with V2 compaction filters is now passed user key to SliceTransform::Transform instead of unparsed RocksDB key.

## 3.4.0 (2014-08-18)
### New Features
* Support Multiple DB paths in universal style compactions
* Add feature of storing plain table index and bloom filter in SST file.
* CompactRange() will never output compacted files to level 0. This used to be the case when all the compaction input files were at level 0.
* Added iterate_upper_bound to define the extent upto which the forward iterator will return entries. This will prevent iterating over delete markers and overwritten entries for edge cases where you want to break out the iterator anyways. This may improve performance in case there are a large number of delete markers or overwritten entries.

### Public API changes
* DBOptions.db_paths now is a vector of a DBPath structure which indicates both of path and target size
* NewPlainTableFactory instead of bunch of parameters now accepts PlainTableOptions, which is defined in include/rocksdb/table.h
* Moved include/utilities/*.h to include/rocksdb/utilities/*.h
* Statistics APIs now take uint32_t as type instead of Tickers. Also make two access functions getTickerCount and histogramData const
* Add DB property rocksdb.estimate-num-keys, estimated number of live keys in DB.
* Add DB::GetIntProperty(), which returns DB properties that are integer as uint64_t.
* The Prefix Extractor used with V2 compaction filters is now passed user key to SliceTransform::Transform instead of unparsed RocksDB key.

## 3.3.0 (2014-07-10)
### New Features
* Added JSON API prototype.
* HashLinklist reduces performance outlier caused by skewed bucket by switching data in the bucket from linked list to skip list. Add parameter threshold_use_skiplist in NewHashLinkListRepFactory().
* RocksDB is now able to reclaim storage space more effectively during the compaction process.  This is done by compensating the size of each deletion entry by the 2X average value size, which makes compaction to be triggered by deletion entries more easily.
* Add TimeOut API to write.  Now WriteOptions have a variable called timeout_hint_us.  With timeout_hint_us set to non-zero, any write associated with this timeout_hint_us may be aborted when it runs longer than the specified timeout_hint_us, and it is guaranteed that any write completes earlier than the specified time-out will not be aborted due to the time-out condition.
* Add a rate_limiter option, which controls total throughput of flush and compaction. The throughput is specified in bytes/sec. Flush always has precedence over compaction when available bandwidth is constrained.

### Public API changes
* Removed NewTotalOrderPlainTableFactory because it is not used and implemented semantically incorrect.

## 3.2.0 (2014-06-20)

### Public API changes
* We removed seek compaction as a concept from RocksDB because:
1) It makes more sense for spinning disk workloads, while RocksDB is primarily designed for flash and memory,
2) It added some complexity to the important code-paths,
3) None of our internal customers were really using it.
Because of that, Options::disable_seek_compaction is now obsolete. It is still a parameter in Options, so it does not break the build, but it does not have any effect. We plan to completely remove it at some point, so we ask users to please remove this option from your code base.
* Add two parameters to NewHashLinkListRepFactory() for logging on too many entries in a hash bucket when flushing.
* Added new option BlockBasedTableOptions::hash_index_allow_collision. When enabled, prefix hash index for block-based table will not store prefix and allow hash collision, reducing memory consumption.

### New Features
* PlainTable now supports a new key encoding: for keys of the same prefix, the prefix is only written once. It can be enabled through encoding_type parameter of NewPlainTableFactory()
* Add AdaptiveTableFactory, which is used to convert from a DB of PlainTable to BlockBasedTabe, or vise versa. It can be created using NewAdaptiveTableFactory()

### Performance Improvements
* Tailing Iterator re-implemeted with ForwardIterator + Cascading Search Hint , see ~20% throughput improvement.

## 3.1.0 (2014-05-21)

### Public API changes
* Replaced ColumnFamilyOptions::table_properties_collectors with ColumnFamilyOptions::table_properties_collector_factories

### New Features
* Hash index for block-based table will be materialized and reconstructed more efficiently. Previously hash index is constructed by scanning the whole table during every table open.
* FIFO compaction style

## 3.0.0 (2014-05-05)

### Public API changes
* Added _LEVEL to all InfoLogLevel enums
* Deprecated ReadOptions.prefix and ReadOptions.prefix_seek. Seek() defaults to prefix-based seek when Options.prefix_extractor is supplied. More detail is documented in https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/wiki/Prefix-Seek-API-Changes
* MemTableRepFactory::CreateMemTableRep() takes info logger as an extra parameter.

### New Features
* Column family support
* Added an option to use different checksum functions in BlockBasedTableOptions
* Added ApplyToAllCacheEntries() function to Cache

## 2.8.0 (2014-04-04)

* Removed arena.h from public header files.
* By default, checksums are verified on every read from database
* Change default value of several options, including: paranoid_checks=true, max_open_files=5000, level0_slowdown_writes_trigger=20, level0_stop_writes_trigger=24, disable_seek_compaction=true, max_background_flushes=1 and allow_mmap_writes=false
* Added is_manual_compaction to CompactionFilter::Context
* Added "virtual void WaitForJoin()" in class Env. Default operation is no-op.
* Removed BackupEngine::DeleteBackupsNewerThan() function
* Added new option -- verify_checksums_in_compaction
* Changed Options.prefix_extractor from raw pointer to shared_ptr (take ownership)
  Changed HashSkipListRepFactory and HashLinkListRepFactory constructor to not take SliceTransform object (use Options.prefix_extractor implicitly)
* Added Env::GetThreadPoolQueueLen(), which returns the waiting queue length of thread pools
* Added a command "checkconsistency" in ldb tool, which checks
  if file system state matches DB state (file existence and file sizes)
* Separate options related to block based table to a new struct BlockBasedTableOptions.
* WriteBatch has a new function Count() to return total size in the batch, and Data() now returns a reference instead of a copy
* Add more counters to perf context.
* Supports several more DB properties: compaction-pending, background-errors and cur-size-active-mem-table.

### New Features
* If we find one truncated record at the end of the MANIFEST or WAL files,
  we will ignore it. We assume that writers of these records were interrupted
  and that we can safely ignore it.
* A new SST format "PlainTable" is added, which is optimized for memory-only workloads. It can be created through NewPlainTableFactory() or NewTotalOrderPlainTableFactory().
* A new mem table implementation hash linked list optimizing for the case that there are only few keys for each prefix, which can be created through NewHashLinkListRepFactory().
* Merge operator supports a new function PartialMergeMulti() to allow users to do partial merges against multiple operands.
* Now compaction filter has a V2 interface. It buffers the kv-pairs sharing the same key prefix, process them in batches, and return the batched results back to DB. The new interface uses a new structure CompactionFilterContext for the same purpose as CompactionFilter::Context in V1.
* Geo-spatial support for locations and radial-search.

## 2.7.0 (2014-01-28)

### Public API changes

* Renamed `StackableDB::GetRawDB()` to `StackableDB::GetBaseDB()`.
* Renamed `WriteBatch::Data()` `const std::string& Data() const`.
* Renamed class `TableStats` to `TableProperties`.
* Deleted class `PrefixHashRepFactory`. Please use `NewHashSkipListRepFactory()` instead.
* Supported multi-threaded `EnableFileDeletions()` and `DisableFileDeletions()`.
* Added `DB::GetOptions()`.
* Added `DB::GetDbIdentity()`.

### New Features

* Added [BackupableDB](https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/wiki/How-to-backup-RocksDB%3F)
* Implemented [TailingIterator](https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/wiki/Tailing-Iterator), a special type of iterator that
  doesn't create a snapshot (can be used to read newly inserted data)
  and is optimized for doing sequential reads.
* Added property block for table, which allows (1) a table to store
  its metadata and (2) end user to collect and store properties they
  are interested in.
* Enabled caching index and filter block in block cache (turned off by default).
* Supported error report when doing manual compaction.
* Supported additional Linux platform flavors and Mac OS.
* Put with `SliceParts` - Variant of `Put()` that gathers output like `writev(2)`
* Bug fixes and code refactor for compatibility with upcoming Column
  Family feature.

### Performance Improvements

* Huge benchmark performance improvements by multiple efforts. For example, increase in readonly QPS from about 530k in 2.6 release to 1.1 million in 2.7 [1]
* Speeding up a way RocksDB deleted obsolete files - no longer listing the whole directory under a lock -- decrease in p99
* Use raw pointer instead of shared pointer for statistics: [5b825d](https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/commit/5b825d6964e26ec3b4bb6faa708ebb1787f1d7bd) -- huge increase in performance -- shared pointers are slow
* Optimized locking for `Get()` -- [1fdb3f](https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/commit/1fdb3f7dc60e96394e3e5b69a46ede5d67fb976c) -- 1.5x QPS increase for some workloads
* Cache speedup - [e8d40c3](https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/commit/e8d40c31b3cca0c3e1ae9abe9b9003b1288026a9)
* Implemented autovector, which allocates first N elements on stack. Most of vectors in RocksDB are small. Also, we never want to allocate heap objects while holding a mutex. -- [c01676e4](https://github.com/meta/rocksdb/commit/c01676e46d3be08c3c140361ef1f5884f47d3b3c)
* Lots of efforts to move malloc, memcpy and IO outside of locks